Bandwagon effect: Social proof. If the majority is predominantly using private vehicles for their daily commute, then their friends/family/colleagues observe them & follow suit and tend to avoid using public transport, regardless of its actual convenience or benefits.

Present bias: (Present bias is the tendency to settle for a smaller present reward rather than wait for a larger future reward, in a trade-off situation. It describes the trend of overvaluing immediate rewards, while putting less worth in long-term consequences). In bangalore’s context: citizens prioritize the immediate comfort and familiarity of their current transportation habits over the potential long-term benefits of switching to public transport.

Availability heuristic: mental shortcut that involves making judgments or decisions based on the ease with which relevant examples or instances come to mind. People tend to rely on information that is readily available in their memory when making assessments or evaluating probabilities, rather than considering all available evidence. In Bangalore’s context, Due to the availability of information about people’s negative experiences related to public transport, citizens often develop a perception that public transport is unreliable or inconvenient, even if statistical data suggests otherwise→ leading to low adoption rates of public transport.