Barrier to EG and ED by srividhya https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob How are these a barrier to economic growth and development? en-us 2018-05-14 06:02:38 UTC 2025-10-07 15:22:14 UTC hello@padlet.com Varun https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1975977555 Landlocked Countries
- Limited (if any) sea-based trade ; lack of any sea port or other infrastructure prevents/limits overseas trade 
- Foreign Trade becomes limited ; Limited accessibility to resources prevents these countries from diversifying sources of income or increasing income
- Limits Accessibility to infrastructure

Indebtedness
- Opportunity Cost ; Paying debt vs Targeting Economic Growth
- Foreign Aid of any kind puts further pressure on the government

Capital Flight & Brain Drain
- People of higher economic classes leaving the country => lesser availability of resources ; greater unemployment ; decreasing economic productivity ; 
- Brain Drain => Lesser human capital increases global economic inequality ; Lesser innovation & productivity]]> 2022-01-05 09:12:02 UTC https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1975977555 Mahikha https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1975979874 Economic inequality is one of the biggest barriers to economic development, however it doesn’t impact economic growth. Although average income per capita may increase it does not reflect the reality in most households. In some countries there are large disparities between the rich and the poor but this again is not seen in the GDP and on the surface level it is reported as a good rating. For example, India’s gdp went from 940billion usd to Q.2 trillion usd from 2006-7, but there is no indication of whether the standard of living has improved or not. 
The above mind map depicts the effects and the connections of inequality in an economy. ]]> 2022-01-05 09:13:44 UTC https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1975979874 Shreyas https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1975983776 Landlocked countries
https://www.un.org/ohrlls/content/about-landlocked-developing-countries

Since transport costs are higher and maritime trade is much more difficult, landlocked countries miss out on several opportunities for economic growth.

Brain drain
Talented individuals from developing countries move to developed countries due to a lack of infrastructure in their industries and limited options for career growth. This causes a cycle where the move of talent in turn causes underdeveloped industries in the first place.



Tropical climate
- it's difficult to mobilize energy resources 
- technology developed in wealthy temperate countries have issues when applied to tropical climates due to differences in atmospheric conditions (increased temperature and humidity can reduce the efficiency of these technologies.) 
- Due to a variety of reasons, major crops like rice and wheat grow more efficiently in temperate climates as opposed to tropical climates. Some of these reasons include the effects of tropical climates on plant respiration, pests, parasites, and availability of water. 

The solution to this is international development organizations focusing on creating and/or funding technologies that are adapted for the specific needs of tropical climates to ensure increased efficiency in agricultural production. This is especially important as agriculture and primary sector activities form a large bases of the economies in tropical regions (which again, is self-fulfilling i.e. the inability of tropical economies to expand into secondary and tertiary sector activities is due to lack of infrastructure and wealth.)







]]> 2022-01-05 09:16:51 UTC https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1975983776 Kushal https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1975988533
  • Brain drain is the departure of educated or professional people from one country, economic sector, or field for another, usually for better pay or living conditions.

    • Effects on Economy: Loss of tax revenue, Loss of potential future entrepreneurs, A shortage of important, skilled workers.


    2. The Informal economy consists of companies, jobs, and workers that are not regulated or protected by the state.

    Informal firms do not contribute to the tax base and tend to remain small, with low productivity and limited access to finance. Informal workers are more likely to be poor than workers in the formal sector, both because they lack formal contracts and social protection and because they tend to be less educated.

    3. Landlocked countries

    Lack of territorial access to the sea, isolation from world markets and high transit costs impose serious constraints on the overall socio-economic development of Landlocked Developing Countries.

    Their seaborne trade almost always must transit through other countries, mostly also developing countries—a process which involves dealing with cumbersome border-crossing procedures and inadequate transit transport infrastructure. 

    On average, they pay more than double what the transit countries incur in transport costs.

    ]]>     2022-01-05 09:20:13 UTC https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1975988533     Neha https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1975990754 Landlocked countries have no direct access to ports which affects exports and imports for the countries. They access the ports of neighboring countries leading to high administrative and transport costs which would increase the price of the goods in the international markets and thus affecting its competitiveness in the international market and hence its GDP and economic growth. Also, any strain in the countries’ political relationships would have a direct impact on the port access and thus their export and import revenue. 

    Tropical Climate has an impact on the labour productivity as tropical climates lead to more problems in connectivity and access to transport and infrastructure. It also means increased diseases and less willingness in workers to work due to a low morale caused by the climate prevalent in these regions. Low worker productivity leads to poor economic growth, 

    Limited infrastructure blocks poorer people from accessing markets for employment. People in remote areas are isolated and cannot take advantage of the market opportunities available. With limited access to market, there is no poverty alleviation and the labour resource availability and productivity of labour is reduced and hence the full employment of maximum resources are not used, thus limiting economic growth. Limited infrastructure also prevents maximum efficiency to be achieved during work as more time and resources are lost in transportation and hence the potential output is not achieved, limiting growth. 
    ]]>     2022-01-05 09:21:51 UTC https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1975990754     Sumanyu https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1975994170 2022-01-05 09:24:23 UTC https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1975994170 Trisha https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1975998406 2022-01-05 09:27:23 UTC https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1975998406 Haldar https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1976025264 2022-01-05 09:45:23 UTC https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1976025264 Esha https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1976219450 2022-01-05 12:27:12 UTC https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1976219450 Muktha https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1976253049 https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1_Wu83eIAP-GaNgYiYSjIqiKbDsNiTuylYxattE1UtLc/edit?usp=sharing]]> 2022-01-05 12:49:06 UTC https://padlet.com/srivi100/5mfb1oosk1ob/wish/1976253049