"The response was the National Defense Education Act, signed into law in 1958, which increased funding for science and math education, as well as vocational training," (Allen 9).

"Although its data were later debunked, A Nation at Risk is generally understood to have kicked off the era of school reform that currently shapes education discussion and policy...none concerning the humanities, social sciences, or civic education," (Allen 9-10).

"'More recently, in his 2016 State of the Union address, the president announced a Computer Science for All initiative that would make students "job-ready on day one,'" (Allen 10).

In many areas, STEM magnet schools receive the largest amount of state funding. This causes humanities to receive less funding and eventually become nonexistent.

"Hora said while both STEM, liberal arts and humanities programs are equally important, they are not equally funded. On the federal level, he said STEM programs receive more funded and there is no contest between them and humanities and liberal arts programs," (Saxena paragraph 5).

To correct the imbalance of civic and STEM education, it would first start with funding. There needs to be an enqual distribution of funding in order to ensure that both are being taught equally.

Also there can be a change is requirments. Some STEM courses could require certain civic lessons: ethics modules or interdisciplinary civic projects.

Schools can require an equal amount of credits in both STEM and Civics.

Education is a casual force behind democracy.

"Education fosters participation because it prepares people for democratic engagement. Reading, writing, and collaboration are, after all, the basic instruments of political action,” (Allen 11).

Participatory readiness standards should be required across all courses.

English classes can assess civic rhetoric, while science courses can test ethical procedures and experimentations.

Builds civic reasoning

• Understanding law, policy, and debate

Strengthens data literacy

• Using STEM to understand social issues

Builds communication and collaboration

• Essential for democracy and work

Increases ethical judgment

• Making smart decisions that may impact humans

STEM improved technology advancement and economic competitiveness.

Increased innovation

Bolstered employment readiness

Weakened democratic participation because of neglect in civics.

Students had technical but less ethical skills

Reinforces economic inequality by valuing economic success.

Ethical Reasoning

• justice and fairness are tied in with decisions

Civic confidence

• the belief that one's voice can influence decisions

Collaboration

• learning to work with one another

Critical Thinking

• examining and thinking about other perspectives and arguments

Empathy

• trying to understand one another and trying to see oneself in others' experiences

Reflection

• evaluating one's actions and the consequences of an action

Underfunding

Humanities may have limited pathways that direct towards vocational studies.

• There is not that much integration between both, causing barriers.

Start young by integrating more civics courses into secondary schools. Classes like philosophy, rhetoric, and civics should be required.

For those in college, STEM majors should be required to take a minimum of 12 credits in humanities or ethics. This can ensure that technical skills gained from STEM classes are intertwined with morals.

Increase in innovation and problem-solving capabilities

Collaboration amongst each other to tackle complex issues

Better scientific reasoning

Ethical blindness

• Innovation and advancements are made with little moral regard

• Data misuse

• Focus of productivity over reflection

Require AI and data ethics as a course for all STEM majors. This can help reduce the chances of technological misuse.

Interdisciplinary thinking

• mixing technical and ethical thinking

Creativity

• innovation that occurs with morals and civics

Societal impact

• understanding the impact that innovation and science can have on society and people.

Current academics favor specialization

Increase in funding

Hard to change entire system, will take time

Require projects that can integrate both civics with STEM. For example, Engineering for Democracy.

Offer more direct programs into STEM through humanities. For instance, dual-degree programs that connect ethics, technology, and public policy.