1) How do global North-South relations influence health-oriented climate governance and policies?  

2) How should states balance industrial development objectives with health-oriented climate priorities?

I believe that the northern countries focus on developing their nations, while the southern countries are mainly developing countries. The economically developed countries (in the north) have developed economies and are more concerned about the climate environment that affects health. Therefore, they are more inclined to advocate for climate governance and have more comprehensive climate governance policies. However, the southern countries place greater emphasis on rapid economic development and pay less attention to climate policies. This is the contradiction in the relationship between the north and the south. The imbalance in economic development and the contradiction between climate governance and economic growth.

International organizations and developed countries can provide economic assistance and technical support during the production process to developing countries, in order to balance and resolve conflicts.

Question 1:

• Global South are generally prioritizing more urgent problem like poverty, health before climate-related issues, and Global North are generally more developed, so they have the resources and financial capabilities to improve existing systems and address climate change. As suggested in the Paris Agreement, developed countries can help developing countries through international institutions such as UN by support them financially and technologically in a collaborative manner. This will help mitigate climate change; for example, developed countries can help support the construction of more sustainable clinics in developing nations, improving public health while reducing carbon emissions from less transportation use.

• Global North and South need to collaboratively agree on what the exact problems are and how to implement solutions.

Question 2:

• Taxing industries on carbon emissions and using that funding to invest in green development

• Create incentives for companies that invest in green energy and have ESG policies

• Implement these industrial commitments into legislation so as to legally bind companies to their carbon emission targets and environmental responsibilities

• The state should make industries responsible for the health risk of those living in the vicinity of their source of pollution. This will make them aware of their responsibility for public health and creates a financial incentive for them to reduce their pollution.

1.Stringent rules and fines being imposed can help in reducing health and climate related problems and in turn develop a nation.

Green technologies(mRNA vaccines and solar cells)are mostly patented by multinational companies and developing countries have to pay high prices. We can promote the development of technologies and accessibility in addressing the issues and help in mitigation(e.g. provide partial feedback waivers when major health events occur.).

2.For developed countries:They can promote the deep integration of climate policies and economic policies. Also, they can help developing countries improve their ability to respond to climate change. Meanwhile, quantify healthcare savings from pollution reduction (avoided asthma cases, heart disease) to justify climate investments.

For developing countries: they can make full use of their own natural resources advantages, to actively promote green industrial development. They should seek international cooperation, strive for climate financing and technical support from developed countries.

Each country should develop a manual that incorporates health impact assessment into industrial planning. Different countries with varying levels of economic development should have different standards for health impact assessment to ensure fairness. Promote green technologies and low-carbon transitions, and safeguard the employment and livelihoods of affected groups. For instance, developed countries can share green production technologies, and international organizations can assist in coordinating this process.

Q1:

Due to historical inequality, economic disparity, and varying vulnerabilities to climate change, the global North-South relationship has a significant impact on health-oriented climate governance and policies. These include: unequal contributions to and health impacts of climate change, unequal rights, unequal national policies, and neocolonialism, etc. Northern countries are relatively developed, have abundant funds, and possess more robust health systems to deal with climate-related diseases, with international health institutions such as the WHO. Southern countries are underfunded, have been influenced by colonialism, lag in technology, suffer from brain drain, and have a low international status. Northern initiatives often overlook the feelings of the South.

In terms of funds and technology, when developing countries face environmental problems, there are often problems of lack of funds and backward technology, and North-South relations will affect the development of developed countries to provide relevant financial and technical support to developing countries.

Q2

While developing their own industries, countries should, based on their geographical, economic and policy conditions, strive to utilize new energy sources such as solar and wind energy, establish a circular industrial model, develop high-tech industries and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. They should also establish transnational joint organizations, such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement, to formulate relevant treaties and frameworks to address the dangerous human intervention in the climate system. Representatives from all parties should hold negotiations and meetings for assessment. All countries should contribute to climate health.

   1.1 Global North: More funding and technology, leads policy-making.

   1.2 Global South: More vulnerable to climate change, limited resources, reliant on aid.

   1.3.Paris Agreement: Commits developed countries to provide USD 100 billion annually to developing countries for climate mitigation and adaptation.

2.How states balance industrial development objectives with health oriented climate priorities.

2.1. Implement environmental regulations and standards

  Set emission limits and adopt clean production standards to reduce industrial impacts on the environment and health.

 Example: The EU Industrial Emissions Directive requires high-pollution industries to use Best Available Techniques (BAT) to protect the environment and public health.

2.2.Develop a circular economy

A circular economy shifts industries from a “take–make–waste” model to one where materials are reused, repaired, and recycled, minimizing resource extraction and pollution.

Example: Japan’s circular economy policy requires manufacturers to consider recyclability at the product design stage.

2.3.States with inclusive institutions are better able to align industrial growth with health-oriented climate action, creating a virtuous cycle.

Group members : Maharajan ,ZIJIN, Ziyi Sun

Xiyue Zhang

A1: different economic development, international power imbalance, different needs and expactions inside different countries, cultral differences, financial and techoconical support from South to North

Northern countries inject funds and technical personnel into southern countries - bringing more opportunities to southern countries and promoting infrastructure construction to a certain extent - but due to the imperfect security system and capital corruption, labor health and environmental maintenance in southern countries are not guaranteed.

A2:

Industrial Transition Strategies: Nations can develop toward green industrial restructuring in the mainstay industries such as the auto industry and the electronic industry.

Supporting Policies:

• Governments can deploy taxes and subsidies as balancing tools.

• encourage public-private parterners.

1. Global north and south relations have resulted in a shift in power dynamics that now allow the north greater flexibility in investing in climate progressive policies and technologies, leaving the global south disadvantaged and struggling with multiple directions and priorities to provide for their country’s needs.

2. Deciding on how the direction of policy progress in a country largely depends on existing domestic political dynamics and cultures. The priority shifts with the country and is dependent on the interests of individual countries.  For eg can provide clean energy technology intellectual property to developing countries to reduce emissions while improving progress in the country. However this is still dependent on whether their current technology is able to keep up (Electrical grid, infrastructure and supply chain to support these technology).  Communication channels and transparency is monumental for international progress and international aid while keeping in consideration individual countries’ self interest