Creative Industries Assessment 1 by

What are the creative industries?

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Creative industries are those based on individual creativity, skill and talent, or which have the potential to create wealth through the development of intellectual property.

How are creative industries broken up?

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Types of creative industries can include; advertising and marketing, design, film, TV production, IT, publishing and many more.

What is the DCMS?

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The DCMS (Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport of the United Kingdom) is a department of the UK government which has responsibility for culture and sport in England, and some aspects of media throughout the UK, such as broadcasting. Culture and sport are devolved matters, with departments of the Scottish Government bearing responsibility. The DCMS has a massive impact on the creative industries, they support and fund local museums, galleries, cinemas and broadcasting industries.

The most iconic live TV moments in British broadcasting history

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History and Development

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At the start of the early 1950s, radio was the most popular form of media. In 1950, there were 12 million radio-only licences and only 350,000 combined radio and TV licences in the UK. The budget for BBC Television was a fraction of the radio budget. However, the coronation of Queen Elizabeth the Second on June 2, 1953 was the first time television cameras were allowed in the Westminster Abbey. This was significant as it was the first time a television audience exceeded the size of a radio audience, an estimated 20 million TV viewers saw the queen being crowned.

Economic value

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The Independent Television Authority is appointed to oversee the creation of ITV by the Television act 1954, which permitted the creation of the first commercial television network. Until the early 1950s, the only other television service in Britain was operated as a monopoly by the BBC, and financed by the annual television licence fee. Having a commercial television network would mean people didn't have to pay for a TV licence, instead revenue was obtained by advertisements. At the time, the only other example of commercial television was found in the US, and the television there was often deemed "vulgar". The UK government came up with a solution to this problem by creating the Independent Television Authority to regulate the new commercial channels in the interests of good taste, and award franchises to commercial companies for fixed terms. This lead to the first ever television advert to be shown in the UK, which was aired on ITV and promoted Gibbs SR toothpaste on the 22 September 1955.

Cultural Impact

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The rise of television had a massive impact in the way that the British public would spend their leisure time in the 1950s. The public would spend their disposable income buying television sets and would spend more time in the house than ever before. People spent less time going to public events as they could watch them on the tv.

Key moments

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- Coronation of Queen Elizabeth the second
- 1953 FA Cup Final
- Launching of ITV in 1955
- Gibbs SR toothpaste advert in 1955 was the first advert ever to be aired in the UK on ITV

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History and Development

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The 1960s were an era of exceptional broadcasting innovation and excitement. The BBC drama department produced world beating TV series such as Doctor Who, The Forsyte Sage, Till Death Do Us Part and many more. Towards the end of the decade, The BBC launched a full colour service on the 15th November 1969.

Economic Value

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In June 1960, BBC Television Centre in London opened, which was the first built television centre in the world. The building created many jobs and influenced many other countries, such as the US, to build their own for broadcasting purposes and it is own as an iconic image of broadcasting today. Many iconic shows have been made there, such as; Fawlty Towers, Monty Python's Flying Circus and Strictly Come Dancing.

Cultural Impact

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The amount of British households which had TV sets increased in the 1960s. In 1950, only 350,000 Homes in the UK had televisions, in 1960, the figure had risen to almost three-quarters of homes. Leisure became increasingly centred around the home, with free time being spent more in the living room. The BBC coverage of the moon landing was a huge achievement for a European broadcaster as they broadcasted parts of the mission in colour, which sparked live public interest, with 16 million UK viewers tuning in.

Key Moments

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BBC coverage of the Apollo 11 moon landing
Start of long running show, Coronation Street, aired on the 9th December 1960

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History and Development

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The popular trends in the 1970s included the rise of British Sitcoms, such as; Happy Ever After, Sykes and The Good Life. These sitcoms generally provided gentle and innocent portrayals of middle-class life, avoiding or only subtly hinting at more complex societal issues. Shows which explored more diverse views of society started to arrive in the mid to late 1970s, such as Porridge and Rising Damp.

Economic Value

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The BBC continued to expand and change with the changing trends of the UK, which bought more jobs to broadcasting. Coloured broadcasting on The BBC became permanent in 1976, when BBC East (Norwich) became the last UK region to adopt colour for regional broadcasts and locally produced programmes. On the 23th September 1974, a teletext system was launched to bring news content only using text was launched to bring news to deaf viewers.

Cultural Impact

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Angela Rippon became the first female Nine O' clock news representer in 1975. Although not the first female representer, Rippon was the first female presenter journalist to read the news regularly on national television. This was significant as it expanded representation for women working in the creative industries and inspired many other young women to work in the television industry.

Key Moments

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With the Conservatives winning the 1979 UK General Election, Margaret Thatcher became the first Female Prime Minister on 4th May 1979
Queen Elizabeth the Second's Sliver Jubilee in 1977
Sex Pistols play 'Pretty Vacant' on the Top of the Pops in 1977

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History and Development

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Sitcoms, such as only fools and horses, ruled the airwaves in the 1980s. Channel 4 was launched in 1982 and was, and still is, very successful. One factor in the channels growing success was controversy, for example, the show Brookside showed characters arguing and sometimes swearing, which was a big difference in the broadcasting which came before it. Channel 4 news also gained a reputation for a more detailed appraisal of different issues, such as the 1984 miners strike, due to its longer timeslot than BBC news and ITV news. Channel 4 was significant in the growth of Television as now TV was less restricted by showing only certain themes and issues and could get away with showing more controversial films and television.

Economic Value

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Channel 4 began broadcasting in 1982, which now provides around 10,600 jobs across the UK in 2019. Unlike the BBC, the station raises funds by adverts.

Cultural Impact

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Live Aid was held on Saturday 13 July, 1985 which 1.5 billion people tunned into watch. The event raised £150 million for famine relief and changed the nature of fundraising all together. The concert undoubtedly changed the nature of fundraising by introducing the factor of high visibility due to celebrity philanthropists. More than 30 years later, famous figures continue to hold influence on social media to promote charities and humanitarian causes, Live Aid’s legacy and impact is still felt today in fundraising efforts. Live Aid has also influenced other charities deciated to giving relief to Africa, such as Red Nose Day.

Key Moments

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1985 Live Aid takes place in both Wembley Stadium and JFK Stadium in Philadelphia
Macintosh Super Bowl advert
1st MTV Annual awards takes place in 1985

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History and Development

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The programming trends of 1990s in the UK are not easily categorized. Many complained about the increasing amount of violence, sex, and profane language on television during the decade.

Economic Value

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In 1990 Sky and BSB merge to form Bskyb (Known as Sky today) which grew into a major media company at the end of the decade, notably owning all the television broadcasting rights for the Premiere League and almost all of the domestic rights for Hollywood movies. By 2020, Sky UK employs over 30,000 people, and has 12.7 million customers, which is the largest amount for a pay-TV broadcaster.

Cultural Impact

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Cool Britannia, which was a period of increased pride in the British Culture throughout the mid 1990s, was loosely coincided with Tony Blair's 'New Labour' government. The sucess of musical acts which displayed patriotism in being British, such as the Spice Girls, led to a feeling of renewed optimism following the tumultuous years of the 70s and 80s. This was significant as it meant politicians began using media trends in an attempt to gain supporters. For example, following the 1997 General Election, Tony Blair invited high-profile musicians who were often associated with the Cool Britannia movement to 10 downing street for photo opportunities.

Key Moments

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Labour party win 1997 General Election in a landslide against the conservatives

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History and Development

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Between 2000 and 2003, most TV broadcasters in the UK switched to 16:9 before introducing HD channels, starting with BBC HD and Sky's HD channels in 2006 via satellite.

Economic Value

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Digital Television, such as LCD and Plasma televisions, began replacing analog due to its superior broadcasting quality and it being less prone to signial loss. People began throwing out their own analog televisions in favor of buying new digital ones, which generated more sales for companies that produced televisions such as Sony. LCD and Plasma screens were wider, slimmer, and lighter. With its compact design, homeowners can easily move the TV around or mount it on the wall to save space.

Cultural Impact

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On the 25th June 2009, beloved, but often controversial, pop star Michael Jackson passed away. His death triggered reactions around the world, creating unprecedented surges of internet traffic and a spike in sales of his music. Fresh insight about his death uncovered a significant change in the news media, the first media outlet to reveal the news about his death was TMZ, a celebrity gossip website, rather than a customary press outlet.

Key Moments

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September 11th Terrorist Attacks
Hurricane Katrina
2008 US Presidential Election, Barack Obama wins against John McCain and becomes the first black president in US history.

Michael Jackson Dies

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History and Development

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The rise of streaming services changed the way we watched TV. Streaming services have disrupted the traditional television model by investing heavily in original content production. Netflix has paved the way for this with shows such as Black Mirror and House of Cards.

Economic Value

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The rise of streaming services has been very profitable, with Netflix turning a profit of £1.4 billion in 2021.

Cultural Impact

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Instagram was released in 2010, a photo sharing social media app that allowed people to use filters more appealing. Instagram, and other social media platforms, have changed the way we express ourselves.

Key Moments

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United States Supreme Court legalises same-sex marriage
UK Government votes to legalise same-sex marriage
Occupy Wall Street gains attention and media coverage
Donald Trump wins 2016 Presidential Election in a surprise victory

First same sex marriage in UK

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History and Development

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The COVID-19 pandemic had a massive impact on the television industry, production of television programs in many countries had to shut down or be delayed. However, the animation industry remained largely unaffected, due to the ease of remote work by animators.

Economic Value

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The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the film industry. Across the UK, cinemas. were closed, festivals were cancelled or postponed, and film releases were moved to future dates or delayed indefinitely.

Cultural Impact

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Disney's 2022 film "Lightyear" featured the company's first same-sex kiss. This was significant as it provided representation for more people in society and it shows how far society was progressed in terms of LGBT issues.

Key Moments

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Queen Elizabeth the Second dies at 96, making her the longest serving monarch in British history
Bong Jong Ho's film "Parasite" won several oscars, including best picture, which is the first ever time a non-English-language movie won best picture
Elon Musk buys Twitter for $44 Billion
Murder of George Floyd sparks Black Lives Matter protests across the US
Joe Biden wins the 2020 Presidential Election against Donald Trump, becoming the oldest ever US president
Mikhail Gorbachev, the last ever leader of the USSR, dies at 91
Russian Invasion of Ukraine

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