Before the French Revolution, the First Estate was made up of the clergy. These were the priests, bishops, and other church leaders. They lived comfortably and had many privileges. The Church owned a lot of land but did not pay taxes. The clergy also collected money from the people in the form of tithes. Many high-ranking church officials lived in luxury, while village priests lived more simply. The Church had great power in society, influencing laws and education. However, some people believed the clergy had too much wealth and control. This unhappiness grew and helped lead to the revolution.

Before the French Revolution, the Second Estate was made up of nobles. They had special privileges, including not paying most taxes. Many nobles lived in large houses or castles and had servants. They controlled land and collected rent from peasants. Some nobles worked in the king’s court, military, or government, while others just enjoyed their wealth. Though rich, some nobles faced financial problems because they spent too much money. They wanted to keep their power, but the common people started to demand fairness. As anger grew, the Second Estate became caught in the tension that led to the revolution.

Before the French Revolution, the Third Estate was the largest group in society. It included peasants, workers, and the middle class. They had to pay high taxes while the clergy and nobles paid little or none. Many peasants worked hard on farms but remained poor. City workers struggled with rising food prices and low wages. Some middle-class people, like merchants and lawyers, became wealthier but still had no political power. The Third Estate wanted fairness and change. Their frustration grew as they saw the First and Second Estates live in luxury. This anger helped start the revolution.