https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw AGR 286 en-us 2019-01-14 19:34:21 UTC 2025-11-05 03:52:28 UTC hello@padlet.com kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/320495897 2019-01-14 19:35:40 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/320495897 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/324780744 2019-01-28 04:33:06 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/324780744 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/324780822 I chose the species beef cattle to research through out the semester because I feel like learning more about this species would be very beneficial to me specifically. This is because I do not have that much personal experience with livestock since I do not come from an agricultural background. Many of my peers and classmates here in the Agriculture Department come from family farms and grew up around livestock. I believe doing research on beef cattle rather than cats or dogs will be beneficial in giving me background knowledge that I will need for getting into veterinary school and hopefully having my own practice some day. ]]> 2019-01-28 04:33:37 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/324780822 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/324783017 This study determines the variation of feeding behavior and temperament of cattle sired by Angus, Charolais, or Hybrid bulls. Considering behavior and temperament in beef cattle breeding goals could have a positive economic effect by improving management efficiency.]]> 2019-01-28 04:54:01 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/324783017 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/324783040  These behavioral measures such as docility and flight distance can have an economically beneficial effect on the management of beef cattle. When beef cattle are easier to manage there is less time and energy put in, thus lowering labor costs. The cost of medicine could be lowered as well by not having to administer medication such as calming agents]]> 2019-01-28 04:54:13 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/324783040 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/330090766 Gentle touching applied during the early life of suckling beef calves can reduce avoidance distance, stress reactions, and cortisol levels at the abattoir thus improving meat tenderness. 


]]> 2019-02-11 20:36:51 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/330090766 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/330091018 This study compares the improved performance of beef calves after weaning to motivation for the reward otherwise known as operant conditioning and learning abilities

]]> 2019-02-11 20:37:27 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/330091018 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/330091111 One sensory bias in beef cattle is their sensitiveness to high frequency sounds in which people cannot normally hear. These sounds can arouse the animals and increase stress levels when first introduced to the high frequency sounds.
https://www.lifestyleblock.co.nz/lifestyle-file/livestock-a-pets/cattle/cattle-behaviour/item/55-cattle-senses.html]]> 2019-02-11 20:37:42 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/330091111 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/330091214 This working facility includes a Turret Gate, Dual Alley, and a chute with head gate. The Turret gate adds negative reinforcement to the flight zone of beef cattle to move them towards the alley. We can also add positive punishment by applying head gate pressure to disobedient cattle or animals that are moving around too much during treatment.]]> 2019-02-11 20:37:59 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/330091214 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/333836603 Visual: Visual communication helps with predation in cattle. Their eyes are located on the sides of their head to detect for predation and giving them a larger line of sight.

Auditory: Vocalizations are an important mode of communication among cattle and can provide information on the age, sex, dominance status and reproductive status of the caller. Calves can recognize their mothers using vocalizations as well.

Tactile: Tactile communication is represented by the suckling response in cow calf pairs. When the calf gets kicked when it suckles from the wrong cow and not its mom, it lets the calf know not to do that again.

Olfactory: Cattle communicate through smell in terms of reproduction. using odorants in cow urine that detect libido and odors associated with different reproductive states to let the bulls know if the cows are in heat. They also communicate maternal care through olfactory modalities by the suckling response as well. The calf has a signature smell in their amniotic fluid which lets the cow know if a calf is not hers. 

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2015.00069/full]]> 2019-02-21 19:17:03 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/333836603 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/337343705 Dominating behavior includes displays such as lowering the head and bulls combat fighting with their horns. This is considered either offensive or defensive fighting in order to establish dominance within the herd.

]]> 2019-03-04 05:07:00 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/337343705 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/337343772 The type of dominance hierarchy most frequently seen in beef cattle is triangular relationships in large herds. Dominance in cattle is based on age, sex, weight, presence of horns, and territoriality. Breeds of cattle can also play a role- heavier dairy cattle are dominant to lighter breeds, while lighter beef cattle are dominant to heavier breeds. Hierarchies of cattle are constantly changing as cows are added or removed from the herd. The higher the rank of the animal, the better quality of food and resting places are available to them.

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/behavior/normal-social-behavior-and-behavioral-problems-of-domestic-animals/social-behavior-of-cattle]]> 2019-03-04 05:07:39 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/337343772 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/337503392 One common male sexual behavior observed in bulls is male to male competition for female breeding. They are able to keep other males from breeding with females by fighting. The most dominant bull is the one that breeds with the most females.

]]> 2019-03-04 15:28:39 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/337503392 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/337503574 A cow standing to be mounted is the most accurate sign of estrus. Standing heat is the most sexually intensive period of the estrous cycle. During this period, cows stand to be mounted by other cows or move forward slightly with the weight of the mounting cow.]]> 2019-03-04 15:28:59 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/337503574 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/344313146 Three maternal behaviors include licking of the calf, placentophagia, and suckling.
Licking of the calf begins about 1-7 minutes after birth and helps stimulate breathing, circulation, urination, and defecation for the calf. Placentophagia is when cows commonly ingest some or all of the placenta after birth. This can often cause the Flehman response in which pheromones are released in the body, this is believed to play a role in maternal recognition of the cows young. Suckling is probably the most important maternal behavior by providing food and colostrum to their young.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0018506X07000621#aep-bibliography-id28]]> 2019-03-22 17:09:50 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/344313146 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/344313457 Three neonatal behaviors of calfs that typically follow birth include standing, suckling for colostrum, and allowing the cow to lick. Within the first 2 hours after birth, calves should be standing up to be able to nurse. It is critical for the calf to suckle for colostrum within the first 4 hours after birth. The colostrum contains antibodies to help the immune system of the calf. The digestive tract of the calf immediately begins changing after birth and the ability to absorb these antibodies decreases over the first 24 hours of life. Another neonatal behavior includes allowing to cow to lick and clean off the afterbirth or placenta. This allows the mother and calf to create a bond and be able to recognize each other.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=13&ved=2ahUKEwia0YbUsa_hAhUK16wKHd9_BKgQFjAMegQIAhAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fgoldenplains.colostate.edu%2Fagri%2Fagri_docs%2FFirst%252072%2520Hours.pdf&usg=AOvVaw12NC1tuRGqmVzS8lUn3syT]]> 2019-03-22 17:10:36 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/344313457 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/346706218 One normal ingestive behavior of beef cattle is their sodium appetite. Due to high cellulose digestion, there is a need to buffer the acid products of this. This digestion demands continuous high secretion of alkaline saliva. Because of the low Na level in plants, cattle have developed the behavior of seeking salt by taste and smell. If cattle have Na deficiency, a powerful behavioral dimension in the search for food develops.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6392276]]> 2019-03-29 21:06:47 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/346706218 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/346706281 https://www.merckvetmanual.com/behavior/normal-social-behavior-and-behavioral-problems-of-domestic-animals/behavioral-problems-of-cattle]]> 2019-03-29 21:07:10 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/346706281 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/353594595

]]> 2019-04-24 02:20:03 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/353594595 kjloths https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/353594657 2019-04-24 02:20:31 UTC https://padlet.com/kjloths/5h5z3hl6gzvw/wish/353594657