Is a theoretical model describing the capability of the 21st century teacher. This framework has significantly influenced practices in teaching as a result of research.

Stands for Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge.

It emphasizes the importance of combining these areas to create engaging and effective teaching strategies

Technological Knowledge

• Understanding and proficiency in using various technologies, tools, and resources for teaching and learning.

Pedagogical Knowledge

• It is the "how." Refers to knowledge of best practices in teaching and learning.

Content Knowledge

• It is the "what." Understanding the subject matter being taught, including concepts, theories, and evidence.

Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK)

• This is the intersection of CK and PK, representing the teacher's understanding of how to teach specific content effectively, considering student learning needs and appropriate teaching strategies.

Technological Content Knowledge (TCK)

• This is the intersection of CK and TK, representing the teacher's understanding of how technology.

Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK)

• This is the intersection of PK and TK, representing the teacher's understanding of how technology can be used to enhance teaching and learning processes, including classroom management, assessment, and student engagement.

  
  

Substitution

• Technology acts as a direct substitute for traditional tools, with no functional change.

Augmentation

• Technology still replaces traditional tools, but with some functional improvements.

Modification

• Technology allows for significant redesign of tasks.

Redefinition

• Technology enables the creation of entirely new tasks that were previously inconceivable.

Is a known educationist who provided the cognitive taxonomy which has greatly been used in education.