- the skills of our problem framing and solving, team work and independent learning are amongst the new essentials 

- “learning societies” promotes life long learning 

- an overcrowded curriculum contributes to lack of student engagement and to shallow coverage rather than in depth understanding. Coverage rather than depth, a cluttered, atomized curriculum, and lack of connection to the ‘real world’ promote disconnection from learning. 

- values-based education with a clear child-centered purposes, focused on learning critical to the individual and community 

- the identification of a small set of essential learning’s, and the development of outcomes and standards that focus on understanding, are also responses to the research that raises serious concerns about students lack of understanding abut what is learnt and their consequent difficulty in applying what they have learnt to real life situations. 

- powerful, generative topics appropriate to this early part of the twenty-first century can be embedded. The new approach calls for more thought, higher intellectual standards, learning in meaningful contexts and the promotion of the capacity to think critically and to learn

(Hanlon, 2004)