What is Education For? by Hunter Lee

What is Education For?

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 20:27:06 UTC

Participatory Paradigm

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 20:28:08 UTC

Vocational Paradigm

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 20:29:02 UTC

Civic Education

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 20:29:30 UTC

Definition

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 20:30:59 UTC

A framework of thinking about educational policy that emphasizes preparing students with the ability to participate in society.

Definition

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 20:31:33 UTC

A perspective about educational policy that emphasizes acquiring skills that focus on STEM.

Claim

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 20:33:02 UTC

The participatory paradigm requires higher education, meaning underfunded schools must receive more resources to achieve educational equality.

Claim

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 20:33:36 UTC

Education should not solely prepare students for vocational skills but also equip them to participate in society.

Evidence

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 20:34:56 UTC

Judge Leland DeGrasse increased school funding to promote the twelfth-grade education of social studies and economics. The Court ordered New York City to increase school funding.” Additionally, the court agreed that “meaningful civic participation” and prospects for “competitive employment,” not simply minimum-wage employment, demanded a twelfth-grade level of verbal and math skills and similarly advanced competence in social studies and economics (Allen 2).

Reasoning

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 20:36:54 UTC

This level of education was deemed to be the standard that is needed to understand the basics of society.

Civic Agency

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 20:37:34 UTC

Claim

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 20:38:30 UTC

Education supports political equality and increased economic fairness

Educational Inequalities

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 20:38:56 UTC

Evidence

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 20:41:22 UTC

Acemoglu and Robinson argue, "the expansion of political participation drove egalitarian economic reforms in Britain in the nineteenth century and the United States in the early 20th. We are currently seeing a resurgence of participation on both the right and left. These movements, dubbed populist by many commentators, are putting issues of distributive justice on the agenda once again."

Claim

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 20:44:24 UTC

There are three tasks in relation to civic agency.

Evidence

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 20:45:20 UTC

Allen states that the three tasks are: disinterested deliberation around a public problem, second is prophetic work intended to shift a society’s values; in the public opinion and communications literature, this is now called “frame shifting,” and finally, there is transparently interested “fair fighting,” where a given public actor adopts a cause and pursues it passionately.

Evidence

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 20:51:21 UTC

The National Academy of Sciences’ Rising above the Gathering Storm again emphasized the need for significant improvements in science and technology education, these disciplines had already been consolidated under the umbrella of STEM, a concept that has been employed with equal gusto by education reformers and politicians.

Evidence

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 21:19:44 UTC

National Defense Education Act, signed into law in 1958, which increased funding for science and math education, as well as vocational training.

Claim

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 21:27:03 UTC

Education is the driving force behind democracy.

Evidence

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 21:27:42 UTC

In 2006, paper "Why Does Democracy Need Education?" written by economists Edward L. Glaeser, Giacomo Ponzetto, and Andrei Shleifer argue that education is a catalyst for democracy. They explain the relationship between education and preparation.

Claim

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 21:32:57 UTC

Vocationalism and STEM are the solutions for inequalities and the economy.

Rebuttle

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 21:38:06 UTC

Allen disagrees with this stating that, the purely technocratic treatment of income and wealth inequality is blind and shortsighted as it disregards the multiple other forms of inequalities affecting society.

Reasoning

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 21:40:24 UTC

we all deserve the right to an adequate civic education which will not only benefits students but society as a whole. With education, we will be able to have more equality and political participation.

Reasoning

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-19 21:41:06 UTC

Vocational education prepares students for jobs/careers in specific professions and industries. STEM education was promoted because it was believed that it would benefit the individual and solve problems of inequality. Additionally, those educated in STEM would contribute to the advancement of America and its economy.

Reasoning

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-20 17:42:11 UTC

Students must be able to enact all three of these skills ethically in order to be “officially” ready for civic agency.

Claim

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-20 17:57:32 UTC

The liberal arts train students for political engagement.

Evidence

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-20 18:44:59 UTC

"Data from the Department of Education reveal that, among2008 college graduates, 92.8 percent of humanities majors have voted at least once since finishing school. Among stem majors, that number is 83.5 percent. And, within ten years of graduation, 44,1 percent of 1993 humanities graduates had written to public officials, compared to 30.1 percent of STEM majors. As college graduates, the students are generally of similar socioeconomic backgrounds, suggesting that other distinctions must account for the difference in political engagement"(Allen 6).

Reasoning

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-20 18:49:10 UTC

Those who are academically well rounded and have some aspect of humanities education are often more prepared to participate in democracy.

Reasoning

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-20 19:39:56 UTC

According to the paper referenced, education also promotes skills of collaboration and civic engagement because these are basic “instruments” in political action. Additionally, education is an important factor that allows students to be fully prepared for participation.

Reasoning

hunterslee042 — 2024-10-20 20:39:25 UTC

When more people are involved in politics it can lead to important changes that can make the economy fairer for everyone. People have different perspectives and will question fairness and how resources are shared in society. More people participating in politics advocate for change that helps create a more equal economy.