The Karen people have been subject to systematic oppression by the Burmese military, including violence, forced displacement, and lack of access to resources.

The long-standing conflict between the Karen National Union and the Burmese government has led to instability and unsafe living conditions.

Many Karen fled to refugee camps in Thailand due to persecution.

Understanding how the Karen language and grammar differ from English.

English proficiency of students may vary, especially for students recently resettled.

Pronunciation problems cause students to feel nervous. The new language slows them down with catching up to learning the subjects. Understand how to help Karen students increase their self-esteem as they learn the English.

Consider language support, such as translators or bilingual aides, for effective communication with students and families.

Karen people prefer to work with partners and in small groups to support one another.

One of the best ways to build a good relationship with students is to attend their cultural events.

Being trauma-sensitive is important when working with this group. Learn more about each child's background and needs in order to identify and recognize the need of students as refugee children may experience difficulties in different areas (including social, educational, mental health).

Traditionally, Karen people do not have a family name or last name.

Respect for elders, modesty, and conflict avoidance are important in Karen culture. Teachers should avoid direct confrontation and build trust through patience and respect.

Karen people do not like talking about themselves, even to the point of not really wanting to say their name.

Karen people think that self-promotion is shameful, so they will downplay their skills.

The Karen are polite, and it can be hard to correctly assess their needs.

Karen children are taught not to ask questions of their elders, including their teachers, because it is considered rude and disrespectful.

Most Karen practice Christianity, especially Baptist or Catholic, or Buddhism, while some hold animist beliefs.

Religion can play a central role in Karen students' lives, and teachers should be respectful of their religious practices, including prayer times or religious holidays.

Many Karen refugees have lived in refugee camps with limited access to formal education.

Teachers should build the native language content and literacy instruction in order to build on English.

Use of graphic organizers is helpful to make learning visual and to incorporate thinking skills, and it can be done without any writing.

Use reading logs and journals to incorporate reading and writing.