Hormone involved: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) (produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland)

Process:

1. Stimulus: Blood water levels decrease (e.g., dehydration) or blood osmolarity increases.

2. Receptor: Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect the change in blood osmolarity.

3. Control Centre: The hypothalamus triggers the release of ADH from the pituitary gland.

4. Effector: ADH causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water by increasing the permeability of kidney tubules (collecting ducts).

5. Response: Blood water levels increase, osmolarity returns to normal, and ADH secretion decreases (negative feedback).

The role of the components in performing the functions pf the renal system.

The mechanism of osmoregulation

The development, impact and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Efferent - 'leading out'

Medulla - 'inner part of the organ'

Proximal - near the main 'body'

Distal - far from the main 'body'

Convoluted - intricately folded, twisted or coiled.

osmosis – the process of distributing water across semi-permeable membranes to dilute higher concentrations of particles.