WORLD WAR I by Hafsa Fatima

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914)

fatimah271 — 2025-03-11 14:05:55 UTC

Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria was the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary. His assassination in Sarajevo was the most immediate cause of WWI. On 28 June 1914, Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo by the 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip, a member of Young Bosnia. Franz Ferdinand's assassination led to the July Crisis and precipitated Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia.

trench warfare

fatimah271 — 2025-03-11 16:21:00 UTC

trench warfare, warfare in which opposing armed forces attack, counterattack, and defend from permanent systems of trenches dug into the ground. During World War I, trench warfare was a defensive military tactic used extensively by both sides, allowing soldiers some protection from enemy fire but also hindering troops from readily advancing and thus prolonging the war. Trench warfare was the major combat tactic in France and Belgium.

Battle of Marne (September 6-12, 1914)

fatimah271 — 2025-03-11 16:28:09 UTC

The First Battle of the Marne or known in France as the Miracle on the Marne was a battle of the First World War fought from the 5th to the 12th of September 1914.It was a major World War I battle that took place from September 6–12, 1914. The French and British armies defeated the German advance on Paris, which had threatened to capture the capital city. this battle is known as the miracle as it saved Paris from capture and prevented Germany from achieving a quick end to the war as dictated by its strategic Schlieffen Plan.

Sinking of Lusitania (1915)

fatimah271 — 2025-03-11 16:32:36 UTC

Lusitania was a British-registered ocean liner that was torpedoed by a German navy U-boat during the First world war on 7 May 1915, which resulted in the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915. The sinking of the Lusitania helped turn public opinion against Germany and contributed to the United States' entry into World War I.

Battle of Somme (from July 1 to November 18, 1916)

fatimah271 — 2025-03-11 17:50:00 UTC

The Battle of the Somme, also known as the Somme offensive, was a major battle of the First world war fought by the armies of the British empire and the French third republic against the German empire.

Battle of Verdun, (February 21–December 18, 1916)

fatimah271 — 2025-03-11 18:00:35 UTC

It was one of the longest, bloodiest, and most-ferocious battles of the war that lasted 10 months. The battle occurred in the ancient fortress city of Verdun on the River Meus. The German plan devised by German General Erich von Falkenhayn, was to breakthrough the French army's defenses.

Zimmerman Telegram (January 16, 1917)

fatimah271 — 2025-03-13 15:51:41 UTC

The Zimmermann Telegram was a secret coded telegram sent by German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann to the German Minister to Mexico, Heinrich von Eckardt, proposing a military alliance between Germany and Mexico against the United States if the US entered World War I. Americans felt threatened by the Zimmermann Telegram because it proposed a German Mexican alliance that could lead to a war in American territory, and implied the threat of Germany helping Mexico regain territory lost to the U.S.

Woodrow Wilson and 14 points (January 8, 1918)

fatimah271 — 2025-03-13 15:54:58 UTC

In a January 8, 1918, speech, President Woodrow Wilson outlined his "Fourteen Points" as a blueprint for a just and lasting peace after World War I. His objectives include the self-determination of nations, free trader , a pact to end secret treaties, and a league of nations to realize collective security.

Armistice (11 November 1918)

fatimah271 — 2025-03-13 16:00:47 UTC

The armistice was a formal agreement signed on November 11, 1918, that halted fighting between the Allies and Germany it ended fighting in World War I, it was signed at 5:00 a.m. on November 11, 1918, effectively ending hostilities on the Western Front between the Allies and Germany, paving the way for peace negotiations but not officially ending the war.

Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919)

fatimah271 — 2025-03-13 16:03:47 UTC

The Treaty of Versailles, signed on June 28, 1919, formally ended World War, it held Germany responsible for starting the war and imposed harsh penalties on the Germans, including loss of territory, massive reparations payments and demilitarization however, Germany became liable for the cost of massive material damages. The shame of defeat and the 1919 peace settlement played a significant role in the rise of Nazism in Germany and the coming of a second “world war” just 20 years later.