SP22 689 Weekly Wall 13 by Sara Police https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0 Identify a research paper relevant to this week’s topic. Post the citation along with answers to these questions in a padlet post to The Weekly Wall. Your post should be at least 150 words (not counting the citation). Respond to a classmate’s padlet with a question, comment or link to a related study. Address the following questions: 1) Why is this study important 2) Identify one key finding of this study and describe how it relates to nutritional sciences. 3) What are the clinical implications of this study? en-us 2022-01-04 13:18:21 UTC 2022-04-20 04:14:04 UTC hello@padlet.com Nutrients and Dietary Patterns Related to Osteoporosis -Cassie Craig https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2142915020  
The study I chose for this week is a review that focuses on the development and advancement of osteoporosis in terms of different nutritional patterns and dietary choices. The researchers focused on not only individual impacts of nutrients, but the overall complexity of a consistent dietary pattern. It was found that specific nutrients are important on their own in theory, but it is significantly more important to develop a balanced dietary pattern of many different nutrients, paired with healthy lifestyle choices to prevent the development of osteoporosis. This is related to nutritional sciences because it validates the complexity of nutrient intake and shows that more research needs to be done in how these nutrients work together to combat disease pathology. Clinical implications of this could include different recommendations to patients that are at risk for osteoporosis. As I mentioned, more research should be done in this area, but the researchers of this paper recommend that causality is determined between calcium, vitamin D and protein consumption from dairy and an increased level of bone health. This conclusion would allow for physicians to implement dairy consumption (along with increased physical activity) into patients’ diet when they are at risk for osteoporosis.

Muñoz-Garach, A., García-Fontana, B., & Muñoz-Torres, M. (2020). Nutrients and Dietary Patterns Related to Osteoporosis. Nutrients, 12(7), 1986. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071986
]]> 2022-04-13 19:40:15 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2142915020 Interaction of Nutrition and Exercise on Bone and Muscle- Jaida Garrett jaidag99 https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2144997754 I saw fit for this article because I am all about promoting awareness and seeking prevention in chronic diseases. Musculoskeletal diseases become more of a risk factor as you age, therefore, nutritional and physical health should be adequate. Several dietary components can affect osteocyte function in a positive or negative way. Osteocytes in bone tissue sense fluid shear stress for mechanical loading, and translating that stress into production of biochemical signaling molecules to regulate proper bone formation. So, someone suffering from osteoporosis suffers from osteoclasts and terminally differentiated osteoblasts, which are osteocytes, being underproduced compared to the constant microtrauma. As supported, poor nutrition and physical health can lead to a slew of issues. For clinical use, researchers have looked into circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and moderate physical activity and compared that to several different studies. The most significant finding was creatine supplementation that improves muscle mass and strength however, if you look at further data this is just a supporting role and should not be main source of change. One should focus on physical activity, calcium, and protein intake to build bone mass. More clinical trials should be done across aged populations.   
 
 
Laskou, F., & Dennison, E. (2019). Interaction of Nutrition and Exercise on Bone and Muscle. European endocrinology, 15(1), 11–12. https://doi.org/10.17925/EE.2019.15.1.11
 
]]> 2022-04-15 15:47:36 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2144997754 The Effectiveness of Physical Exercise on Bone Density in Osteoporotic Patients- Cole Cincinelli ccci222 https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2145585593 Exercise is an effective preventative measure and treatment for many diseases. Along with diet, exercise can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and many others. For this week's wall post is about the effectiveness of physical exercise on bone density in osteoporotic patients.Two types of exercise were found to be helpful in improving bone density in osteoporotic patients, weight-bearing aerobic exercises, which includes walking, stair climbing, and jogging. Also, Strength and resistance exercises such as lifting weights, swimming, and cycling. Strength and resistance training were determined to increase site specific bone density particularly at the neck of the femur and the lumbar of the spine. Aerobic exercises mostly determined no gain in bone density rather it limited the loss of bone density. This information can be used in the clinical setting for men and women near menopause age, as well as elderly patients at high risk for osteoporosis. In my opinion, the best recommendation for elderly patients is to incorporate swimming into their exercise plan. Not only is strength and resistance training the most effective exercise for bone density and muscle tone but it also limits the stress on joints. 

Benedetti MG, Furlini G, Zati A, Letizia Mauro G. The Effectiveness of Physical Exercise on Bone Density in Osteoporotic Patients. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:4840531. Published 2018 Dec 23. doi:10.1155/2018/4840531

]]> 2022-04-16 17:24:43 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2145585593 Bone-Protective Effects of Dried Plum in Postmenopausal Women-Andrea Ballinger https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2145738967 The article I chose this week discusses the potential benefits of incorporating dried plum into ones diet. The study exams not only bone maintenance, but also bone remodeling. Dried plum is a nutrient dense fruit, but it also has phenolic compounds that can induce bone protective effects. The study showed that in rodent models, the use of dried plum prevented bone loss Additionally, rodent models showed restoration of femoral and tibial bone mass after initial bone loss. The last component of the rodent models showed that fructooligosaccharides (prebiotic) in combination with dried plum improved the efficacy of bone restoration. When transitioned to human clinical trials, results indicated that the use of dried plum prevented bone loss in postmenopausal women and additionally correlated with increased serum markers of bone formation. The successful results of the various studies shows the promising use of dried plums as a protective factor for those at risk for bone loss. Not only can it be used as a protective factor, but it can also be incorporated into ones daily routine to increase bone mass after bone loss has already occurred. I'm sure this would be extremely effective in combination with traditional osteoporosis/bone disease recommendations of increased weight bearing exercises. This is also really important for people who are looking for new foods to incorporate into their diets that will offer similar protective features like those of calcium and vitamin d supplements. Additional studies should be conducted to see if the efficacy is also found in premenopausal women.

Arjmandi, Bahram H et al. “Bone-Protective Effects of Dried Plum in Postmenopausal Women: Efficacy and Possible Mechanisms.” Nutrients vol. 9,5 496. 14 May. 2017, doi:10.3390/nu9050496]]> 2022-04-17 00:28:46 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2145738967 Nutrients and Dietary Patterns Related to Osteoporosis - Seonwook Kim ski224 https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2145769922 My selected article for this week is an overall review of nutrients and dietary patterns related to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a common chronic disease characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density, impaired bone strength, and an increased risk of fragility fracture. Of course, calcium and vitamin D are for bone metabolism. But I think comprehensive nutrition status is also important for osteoporosis patients. This research group reviewed the Mediterranean diet, Western diet, Asian diet, and Vegetarian diet. Mediterranean diet, Asian diet, and Vegetarian diet are beneficial to the bone mineral density and lower the risk of fracture, while the western diet is inversely associated with the bone mineral density. The conclusion of this study is that lifestyle changes for balanced nutrition intakes are imperative for the reduction of osteoporosis risk, alongside regular physical activity. In clinical implications, healthy dietary patterns including fruit, vegetables, whole grains, poultry, fish, nuts, and low-fat dairy products and the avoidance of processed food products will be beneficial for osteoporosis patients.

Muñoz-Garach A, García-Fontana B, Muñoz-Torres M. Nutrients and Dietary Patterns Related to Osteoporosis. Nutrients. 2020 Jul 3;12(7):1986. doi: 10.3390/nu12071986. PMID: 32635394; PMCID: PMC7400143.

]]> 2022-04-17 02:01:12 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2145769922 Katelyn Spain: High Vitamin C Intake Is Associated with Lower 4-Year Bone Loss in Elderly Men https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2145773949 The purpose of this study was to determine if consumption of high levels of vitamin C would significantly decrease bone loss in elderly men. Vitamin C has been found essential for collagen formation and bone development. Previous studies have shown that a diet with higher intake of fruits and vegetables are associated with a more positive effect on bone. Fruits and vegetables contain vitamin C, which is said to decrease oxidative stress and decrease bone-resorption. This leads to the idea that vitamin C could be crucial in preventing osteoporosis. In this study it was found that elerdly men, who did not smoke, were found to have lower femoral neck bone loss with an increased supplementation of dietary vitamin C. This study also looked at elderly women, but could not find significant associations between vitamin C and bone loss. Based on these results, the clinical implications of this study are for physicians to recommend higher intake of vitamin C in elderly, male patients to prevent bone loss. This increased intake can be through diet and/or supplementation. This could potentially decrease the risk of osteoporosis in elderly men and/or if already diagnosed with bone loss, could help with the rebuilding of bone.
Sahni, S., Hannan, M. T., Gagnon, D., Blumberg, J., Cupples, L. A., Kiel, D. P., & Tucker, K. L. (2008). High vitamin C intake is associated with lower 4-year bone loss in elderly men. The Journal of nutrition, 138(10), 1931–1938. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/138.10.1931
]]> 2022-04-17 02:12:51 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2145773949 Osteoporosis and sarcopenia: two diseases or one? rwpr222 https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2145996748 https://journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/Fulltext/2016/01000/Osteoporosis_and_sarcopenia__two_diseases_or_one_.7.aspx


Posted by Richard Proudfoot

For this week, the research paper selected is titled: “Osteoporosis and sarcopenia: two diseases or one?” This January 2016, article was published in the Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, (2016), 31-36, 19(1). The authors are Jean-Yves Reginster, Charlotte Beaudart, Fanny Buckinx, and Olivier Bruye`re Their affiliations are Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics and Support Unit in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Lie`ge, Lie`ge, Belgium.

This is article is a review of recently published evidence about common pathways explaining bone and muscle wasting in normal ageing and pathological conditions. 

This study is important because numerous studies support the concept of a bone-muscle unit; where constant cross-talking between the two tissues takes place, involving molecules released by the skeletal muscle secretome, which affects bone, and osteokines secreted by the osteoblasts and osteocytes, which, in turn, impact muscle cells.

The key findings from this study are future efforts to find treatments should aim at the concomitantly treating osteoporosis and sarcopenia could be developed by targeting pathways that centrally regulate bone and muscle or emerging pathways that facilitate the communication between the two tissues. These findings relate to nutritional sciences because the authors acknowledge the here is a need to ensure a balanced diet providing enough proteins, vitamin D and key nutrients and to recommend regular physical exercise.

Clinical implication of this study is osteoporosis and sarcopenia pre-dominantly affects elderly patients and are responsible for a major clinical and financial burden. Increase in life expectancy in most countries and in both sexes makes their diagnosis, prevention, and treatment a major social and ethical, yet unmet, medical need.1  Posted by Richard Proudfoot  

1.          Reginster JY, Beaudart C, Buckinx F, Bruyère O. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia: Two diseases or one? Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 2016;19(1):31-36. doi:10.1097/MCO.0000000000000230

 https://journals.lww.com/co-clinicalnutrition/Fulltext/2016/01000/Osteoporosis_and_sarcopenia__two_diseases_or_one_.7.aspx


]]> 2022-04-17 13:03:52 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2145996748 Early diet and peak bone mass: 20 year follow-up of a randomized trial of early diet in infants born preterm - Esraa Zamzami ezamzamiez https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2146661103 Although this article is not recent, I found it very interesting. This research is a randomized controlled trial investigating the influence of human milk on bone mass and bone size later in life. Although the study was performed on preterm infants, the authors see no reason for not generalizing the outcomes to all preterm and term infants. The key finding of this study is that infants who consumed a greater amount of breast milk had better bone mass and size when they grew up; the relation is proportional. The rationale behind this effect was thought to be because of all the hormones that human milk contains and not because of the mineral content since human milk is considered low calcium and low phosphorus. The study demonstrates the importance of breastfeeding, and its influence is seen not only within the first few years of life but also in adulthood. Lastly, it is always important to encourage breastfeeding since formula milk cannot replace human milk's benefits.

Fewtrell, M. S., Williams, J. E., Singhal, A., Murgatroyd, P. R., Fuller, N., & Lucas, A. (2009). Early diet and peak bone mass: 20 year follow-up of a randomized trial of early diet in infants born preterm. Bone, 45(1), 142–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2009.03.657

]]> 2022-04-18 06:18:19 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2146661103 The Mediterranean Diet in Osteoporosis Prevention: An Insight in a Peri- and Post-Menopausal Population-Ashley Wahlman https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2147353616 In the study I looked at the Mediterranean diet was applied to both pre and post menopausal women. As we know post menopausal women experience osteoporosis due to low estrogen levels. They found in this study that higher levels of mediterranean diet adherence equivocated to an increase in calcium level which is important for bone strength. As we know this relates to nutritional sciences as an increase in a Mediterranean diet has a lot of beneficial effects as we have seen through other studies as well as bone health. This type of diet offers an increase in calcium which is important for bone strength. The clinical implication is that I think this could help women a lot who are going through menopause adhering to a diet such as this could act as preventive measure for osteoporosis and trying strengthen their bones.
References:
Quattrini, S., Pampaloni, B., Gronchi, G., Giusti, F., & Brandi, M. L. (2021). The Mediterranean Diet in Osteoporosis Prevention: An Insight in a Peri- and Post-Menopausal Population. Nutrients, 13(2), 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020531

]]> 2022-04-18 18:20:34 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2147353616 Specific Collagen Peptides Improve Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in Postmenopausal Women MitchellWatts https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2147715193 Posted by Mitchell Watts
 
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of 12 month daily oral administration of 5 gm of FORTIBONE specific collagen peptides (SCP) vs. placebo on bone mineral density (BMD) in 102 postmenopausal women with age-related reduction in BMD. I looked at the FORTIBONE website, and they claim that this supplement stimulates osteoblast activity to increase the production of the extracellular bone matrix. The primary endpoint of this study was the change in BMD in the femoral neck and spine after 12 months, and changes in plasma levels of bone markers - P1NP (measure of bone formation) and CTX 1 (measure of bone resorption). What they found is that SCP supplementation led to a significant increase in BMD of the spine and neck compared to control, P1NP increased significantly in the SCP group, and CTX 1 increased significantly in the control group. Therefore, they concluded that SCP supplementation demonstrated increased BMD and led to a favorable shift in bone markers, indicating increased bone formation and reduced bone degradation. Additionally, another investigation found that using a supplement with a combination of collagen, calcium, and vitamin D led to a substantially lower loss of BMD. Clinically, this is important as this can be an adjunct to other lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy. While basic changes like increased physical activity, consuming a balanced, calcium-rich diet, and reducing intake of alcohol and nicotine may protect against BMD; this supplement may help lead to bone formation.
 
1. König, D., et al. (2018). Specific Collagen Peptides Improve Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in Postmenopausal Women-A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients, 10(1), 97.
2. www.gelita.com/en (FORTIBONE)
]]> 2022-04-19 00:23:56 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2147715193 Ivana Djuricic: Second Hand Smoke and Osteoporosis https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2148849398 Kim, K. H et al. “Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Osteoporosis in Never-Smoking Postmenopausal Women: The Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.” Osteoporosis international 24.2 (2012): 523–532. Web.

This study looked at the effects of second hand smoke in postmenopausal Korean women, they excluded current smokes and past smokers because they considered active smoking as a possible confounder. This study is important because we know a lot about how active smoking affects the bones, but it is also important to see how living with a smoker and being around that smoke will affect your health. 

The key finding of this study is that second hand smoke increased your risk of developing osteoporosis, as measured by bone mineral density, compared to those who have never been exposed and your bone health declines as the number or frequency of smokers/smoking in the house increases. 

This relates to nutritional sciences as part of getting a patients history should include, not only if they are active or past smokers, but also if they live with smokers. Do the people they live with smoke inside the house or outside? This way the nutritional plan for these patients can include higher vitamin D and calcium in the diet to make up for possible bone loss. Clinical implications are that the care plan for these patients, older women who live with smokers, should evaluate them for bone mineral density and take into account the effects of smoke just as you would do for an active smoker when it comes to osteoporosis. 

]]> 2022-04-19 16:06:26 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2148849398 Dietary inclusion of whole soy foods results in significant reductions in clinical risk factors for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in normal postmenopausal women https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2148988680 Ellen Reusch
When searching for articles for this week's weekly wall posting, I found several articles discussing the importance of soy in reducing the risk for osteoporosis. This particular article caught my eye, and discusses the importance of soy foods and how when included in a diet they can reduce risk factors for women to develop osteoporosis. (Additionally, this article touched on cardiovascular disease risk, another topic we have covered in this class!). 

For this particular study, 42 postmenopausal women were observed. They consumed soy three times daily for 12 weeks, and blood and urine specimens were obtained from each patient at baseline and at the 12 week timepoint. Researchers found that the women's levels of isoflavones increased, HDL levels increased, and osteocalcin levels increased (all clinically significant). The participants' total cholesterol to HDL ratios were generally decreased. Additionally, higher levels of isoflavones correlated with lower levels of LDL and triglycerides. Overall, the study found that the inclusion of soy in a diet on a regular basis could lead to metabolic changes that resulted in lower risk for developing cardiovascular disease or osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a common disease amongst postmenopausal women, and usually there are not very many treatment options available. Also, osteoporosis can place people at greater risk for severe fractures as they age, meaning that nutritional treatments and management for osteoporosis could be extremely beneficial to the medical community as a whole. Physicians and care providers could use this information from this study to help encourage otherwise normal patients who are at risk for developing osteoporosis (or with a family history of osteopenia or osteoporosis) to increase their daily soy intake. 

Scheiber, Michael, et. al., Dietary inclusion of whole soy foods results in significant reductions in clinical risk factors for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in normal postmenopausal women. Menopause: The Journal of the North American Menopause Society. 2001. Vol. 8, No. 5, pp 384-392. https://journals.lww.com/menopausejournal/Fulltext/2001/09000/Dietary_inclusion_of_whole_soy_foods_results_in.15.aspx]]> 2022-04-19 17:31:43 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2148988680 Joe Devine: Nutrients and Dietary Patterns Related to Osteoporosis https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149004586 Osteoporosis is a chronic condition that results from a decrease in bone density. This decrease in bone density leaves the bones open to increased risk of fractures due to its weakened condition. While more nutritional research is needed to determine its total affect on osteoporosis it is known that Vitamin D and Calcium play vital roles in keeping the bone tissues in homeostasis, but whether or not exogenous supplementation is beneficial to mitigating osteoporosis or decreasing its risks is still under debate. This paper looks at a consensus guideline of proper dietary planning instead of isolated nutrient supplementation as nutritional effects act in complex pathways.

The paper looked mostly at dairy products that had been fortified with Vitamin D, but they were unable to confidently support a correlation between higher intake of dairy products and beneficial impacts on bone. But, they did see a correlation in women with higher serum levels of vitamin D that they seemed to benefit more from higher calcium intake. However, the paper notes that there is not enough studies that look at bone remodeling markers other than BMD or BMC.


Muñoz-Garach, A., García-Fontana, B., & Muñoz-Torres, M. (2020). Nutrients and Dietary Patterns Related to Osteoporosis. Nutrients, 12(7), 1986. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071986]]> 2022-04-19 17:41:36 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149004586 Sidney Harm: Maternal gestational vitamin D supplementation and offspring bone health (MAVIDOS): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial sidneyharm https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149371726 For this weeks Padlet on bone health I found this study looking into how the amount of vitamin D within the maternal  diet impacts the infants bone mineral content. It was hypothesized that a mother who had supplemental vitamin D throughout pregnancy the infants hole body bone mineral mass would be greater. This study included pregnant women over the age of 18 and no more than 17 weeks gestation, the earlier they were able to implement the treatment was hypothetically will have the better outcomes. Two groups were within the study; a treatment group who were given 1000 IU/day of cholecalciferol or a placebo. The bone mineral content was assessed in the infants within two weeks of birth by using a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.1 The overall findings of the study were unfortunate, the treatment group did not differ from the control group comparing data. This shows that bone mineralization content in infants aren’t dependent on the mothers vitamin D intake. This study could show that there is a placenta transfer issue with vitamin D, which could be the reason that the supplementation group didn’t show any difference between the control. 

References: 
Cooper, Harvey, N. C., Bishop, N. J., Kennedy, S., Papageorghiou, A. T., Schoenmakers, I., Fraser, R., Gandhi, S. V., Carr, A., D’Angelo, S., Crozier, S. R., Moon, R. J., Arden, N. K., Dennison, E. M., Godfrey, K. M., Inskip, H. M., Prentice, A., Mughal, M. Z., Eastell, R., … Javaid, M. K. (2016). Maternal gestational vitamin D supplementation and offspring bone health (MAVIDOS): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology, 4(5), 393–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(16)00044-9]]> 2022-04-19 22:44:53 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149371726 Rhoda Inimgba: Smoking-Induced Risk of Osteoporosis Is Partly Mediatedby Cadmium From Tobacco Smoke: The MrOS SwedenStudy inimgbamiebi2000 https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149377850 Osteoporosis has to do with low bone mineral density which makes one more likely to have a fracture. There are so many risk factors involved in osteoporosis such as age, genetics. This article focuses on smoking as it could be a cause of osteoporosis and fracture. The purpose of this article is to investigate how cadmium from tobacco smoke can cause osteoporosis. This is important because people who smoke are exposed to cadmium which serves as one of the risk factors that can lead to osteoporosis. Although people could get exposed to cadmium through diet but this article focuses more on smoking.
One of the major finding from this paper was that smoking-induce osteoporosis is therefore mediated by cadmium. This relates to nutritional sciences knowing that cadmium from tobacco smoke could lead to osteoporosis, it is important to advise smokers to majorly include calcium in their diet to therefore increase their bone mineral density as smoking can be a major cause of osteoporosis.
The clinical implications of this study include making sure to make notice of the bone mineral density of smokers as it has been seen that they are more at risk of developing osteoporosis and fractures and this should as well go for people who inhale the smoke through secondary smoking.


  Li, Wallin, M., Barregard, L., Sallsten, G., Lundh, T., Ohlsson, C., Mellström, D., & Andersson, E. M. (2020). Smoking-Induced Risk of Osteoporosis Is Partly Mediated by Cadmium From Tobacco Smoke : The MrOS Sweden Study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 35(8), 1424–. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.4014.

]]> 2022-04-19 22:52:56 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149377850 Silicon: A Review of Its Potential Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis- Tamunoerenomie Inimgba tonyeinimgba99 https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149390069 The purpose of this article is to identify the potential role of silicon in bone formation and maintenance. Previous studies and research have already identified the benefits of calcium and vitamin D supplementation. The goal of the study is to identify additional nutritional components that may be important for bone health. A key finding of the article was that silicon intake helps to improve bone matrix quality and plays an essential role in bone mineralization, therefore increased intake of bioavailable silicon has been shown to increase bone mineral density, as well as improve bone strength. Some of the food sources where silicon can be found include whole grains, cereals, beer, and some vegetables, such as green beans. However, although it has been identified that silicon supplementation is associated with increased bone mineral density, the exact process for how this occurs is yet to be identified. The clinical implications of the article would be to study minerals such as silicon that could improve nutrition, dietary supplementation, and help to better understand and manage postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Price, Koval, K. J., & Langford, J. R. (2013). Silicon: A Review of Its Potential Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2013, 316783–316786. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/316783

]]> 2022-04-19 23:09:18 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149390069 Osteoporosis and Nutrition - Cole Zetter https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149403663 For this week's weekly wall, I read an article relating nutrition to the topic of osteoporosis. I found this study to be important because it gave a great background on osteoporosis. The study defined the topic as a condition in which bone mass or density falls more than 2.5 standard deviations below the mean for young adults. It then followed up by stating how these changes can lead to microarchitectural changes in the bone and subsequently increased skeletal fragility and risk of fracture. These changes are especially dangerous for the elderly and can lead to death after bone fracture, or significant life changes, such as moving to assisted living facilities. One key finding that I read within this study was that optimal dietary calcium throughout life, along with weight-bearing exercise, can improve an individual's bone mineral density which would in turn reduce fracture risks later in life. This is very important because if a individual maintains healthy levels of calcium in the diet throughout their life from childhood through adulthood, the risk of developing a disease such as osteoporosis would decrease. Following calcium, this study went on to note the importance of other vitamins and nutrients  such as folic acid, cobalamin, pyridoxine, vitamin K, vitamin C, and vitamin D, boron, and manganese. I would say that the clinical implications of this study would be that it is apparent that there are nutritional and lifestyle affects on osteoporosis therefore prevention is a great medicine, although for those who are diagnosed, I would suggest a healthy and diverse diet that is well supplemented with the vitamins and minerals previously listed, as well as exercise that is healthy for them. 



  Bourgon, Roberta. “Osteoporosis and Nutrition.” Alternative & complementary therapies 3.6 (1997): 433–440. Web.

]]> 2022-04-19 23:26:38 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149403663 Optimal Cutoff Values for ESR and CRP to Diagnose Patients with Diabetes Related Foot Infections-Lydia Duncan lrdu229 https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149446779 For this weeks article, I chose to look further into Osteomyelitis. The study looks into optimal cutoff values for Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-reactive Protein (CRP) when diagnosing Osteomyelitis in patients with foot infections that are Diabetes related. ESR and CRP are common biomarkers used to determine a diagnosis, and there is no official level for diagnosis (as of the time of this article). We also learned recently that foot infections are common in patients with Diabetes. 1842 patients records from 01/01/10-02/06/17 were examined, and 335 were included in the study. The age of the patients ranged from 18-89. After the data was collected, a (descriptive) statistic analysis was performed. This study is important because because it looked into regulations that have not yet been put in place.

One key finding of this study was their threshold for the diagnosis (Fig. 2 in article). When the Diabetic foot infection is observed, first ESR should be measured. If the ESR levels are above 60 mm/hr, CRP levels should then be measured. If the levels are over 7.9 mg/dL, management of osteomyelitis should be considered. This relates to nutritional sciences because it examines biomarkers in relation to Osteomyelitis and Diabetes. While the study was one of the first of it's kind, it does have limitations. Of course, further research (like a cohort study) is needed before parameters like this can be officially used. A second limitation is the physicians diagnoses, because little rationale was provided for why the physicians performed certain evaluations.

A clinical implication of this study is that parameters for optimal cutoff level for ESR and CRP are needed. This would help to regulate the diagnosis of Osteomyelitis. When Osteomyelitis remains untreated, it can become worse and spread. Setting parameters in place allows for the disease to be observed earlier, because physicians could assess the patient if they are close to the threshold, instead of at the onset of Osteomyelitis.

Citation:
Lavery, L. A., Ahn, J., Ryan, E. C., Bhavan, K., Oz, O. K., La Fontaine, J., & Wukich, D. K. (2019). What are the optimal cutoff values for ESR and CRP to diagnose osteomyelitis in patients with diabetes-related foot infections? Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research, 477(7), 1594–1602. https://doi.org/10.1097/corr.0000000000000718 ]]> 2022-04-20 00:14:28 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149446779 The effect of diets on higher osteoporosis risk in patients taking SSRIs - Julie Rees tccjrr https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149541698 This study looked at over 600 osteoporosis and osteopenia patients and 12,000 controls and evaluated the effects of diet against the effects of SSRIs. It has been found in previous studies that both men and women who had taken SSRIs had an increased risk of developing osteoporosis. Since both osteoclasts and osteoblasts have serotonin receptors, it is believe that these antidepressants have a major effect on bone remodeling. Given the state of the world, more and more people are being prescribed antidepressants and approximately 65% of those are SSRIs. This means nutritionists and dieticians will need to keep this in mind when they see new patients. It was hypothesized that depression itself could result in poor diet choices associated with osteoporosis. This study found that both groups had high percentages of inadequate nutrition. The most interesting finding was that osteoporosis correlated more with zinc levels than calcium. This suggests that increasing zinc intake through foods like nuts and whole grains would be beneficial in preventing osteoporosis. ]]> 2022-04-20 01:31:23 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149541698 The effect of a prevention program based on health belief model on osteoporosis. emaleehaynes https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149550253 Emalee Haynes 
The goal of this study was to determine if a prevention program focused on nutrition and regular exercise (walking goals) would help with osteoporosis in women. Within the study there were 120 participants divided into 2 groups of treatment and control groups. Patients had their bone mineral density recorded at baseline, and then 6 months following trial. The trial concluded that the prevention program was effective in managing bone mass ratings. This is important because it can be used for other patients as a non-pharmacologic intervention for those at increased risk for developing osteoporosis, especially female patients. The clinical implications of this study would be evidence behind balanced diet and regular walking or moderate physical activity benefiting bone health or disease progression. Taking the time to apply this into treatment or lifestyle regimens for patients is important in impacting their quality of life and disease development and severity. 
 
Khani Jeihooni, Ali et al. “The effect of a prevention program based on health belief model on osteoporosis.” Journal of research in health sciences vol. 15,1 (2015): 47-53.
]]> 2022-04-20 01:38:30 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149550253 Diet-Induced Obesity and Its Differential Impact on Periodontal Bone Loss - Dierra Doaks https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149666445 The article I chose for this week discusses the relationship between diet induced obesity and periodontal bone loss. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the tissue that supports the tooth. This results in progressive loss of bone. There have been studies that showed an association between periodontal disease and obesity. Obesity is the second highest risk factor for periodontal disease after smoking. This study looked at the most abundant saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the Western Diet which are palmitic acid and oleic acid. Mice were used in the study. The mice were placed in four groups: palmitic acid high fat diet, oleic acid high fat diet, and normal caloric diet. The mice were orally infected with P. gingivalis. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts were isolated from their bone marrow. The results were interesting. Alveolar bone loss was higher in the mice on the palmitic acid high fat diet. Bone remodeling markers were lowest in this group as well. This study showed how the fatty acid make up of diet can impact bone metabolism which can ultimately impact bone loss. 

Muluke, M et al. “Diet-Induced Obesity and Its Differential Impact on Periodontal Bone Loss.” Journal of dental research 95.2 (2016): 223–229. Web]]> 2022-04-20 03:15:30 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149666445 Dietary carotenoid intake and osteoporosis: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2018 (Richard Adefioye) richardadefioye https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149703219 While the role of micronutrients like calcium and phosphorus in is well appreciated in the development of osteoporosis, other micronutrients like carotenoids are not quite as discussed.

This study looked at the associations of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin intake with the risk of osteoporosis based on a 2005-2018 survey by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

The complete data on carotenoid intake and bone mineral density (BMD) of the participants (≥ 50 years old) were used for analysis.

The results of this study showed that a higher intake of beta-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin was associated with a reduction in the risk of osteoporosis.

For me, this result further reiterates the fact that nutritional mechanisms are multifaceted. So, it might be a good idea to consider other micronutrients beyond calcium and vitamin D in the management of osteoporosis.


Kan, B., Guo, D., Yuan, B. et al. Dietary carotenoid intake and osteoporosis: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2018. Arch Osteoporos 17, 2 (2022). https://doi-org.ezproxy.uky.edu/10.1007/s11657-021-01047-9

]]> 2022-04-20 03:52:17 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149703219 Analyzing the association between fish consumption and osteoporosis in a sample of Chinese men https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149704560 Li, X., Lei, T., Tang, Z., & Dong, J. (2017). Analyzing the association between fish consumption and osteoporosis in a sample of Chinese men. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 36(1), 1-8.

Clarisa Williams

As the aging population continues to increase the prevalence of osteoporosis is likely to increase. Osteoporosis poses a threat to human health as the risk of fractures increase. The number of global hip fractures are predicted to reach 6.26 million in the year 2050. Of those fractures,  notably 30% will occur in Asia. This article published in the Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition aimed to investigate the relationship between fish consumption and osteoporosis in Chinese men. In a traditional Chinese diet, the major source of protein consumed is fish. Researches had results from the their study that suggested that frequency of fish consumption was significantly and independently associated with Osteoporosis in Chinese men. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 6.1% for those who had a higher fish consumption.  The researchers concluded Chinese men that consumed a higher frequency of fish showed less prevalence of osteoporosis. This finding supports the continuation of evaluating fish consumption as a nutritional recommendation for those at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis. Although this study reports a significance between osteoporosis and fish consumption, not all research shows this dietary habit to be beneficial. Continued research regarding the fish consumption is needed to broaden to confidently make the recommendation beyond Chinese men. This research topic has the potential to support suggesting the dietary intervention of increasing fish consumption and potentially making fish a major protein source in the diets of those at risk of osteoporosis.


]]> 2022-04-20 03:53:53 UTC https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149704560 Maternal nutrition and the developmental origins of osteoporosis in offspring: Potential mechanisms and clinical implications -Mayer smayer2247 https://padlet.com/sarapolice/58kw5uo7nveavpm0/wish/2149718209 Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disorder of the bone and is influenced by many internal and external factors. There is strong evidence, as presented by Zheng et al., that maternal nutrition has long-lasting influences on bone metabolism through epigenetic modifications. Due to the number of people who suffer from osteoporosis, we need to develop better preventative care and get to the root cause of the pathogenesis. Other papers cited in this study that growth rate of infancy was associated with skeletal size and that birth weight and body weight at one-year old determined the bone mass in a cohort 70 years old. They also showed those that take vitamin D helped support bone metabolism and mineral.

The epigenetic modifications that occur during feeding pre and post-natal such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs play critical roles in determining the bone health for the rest of their life. These epigenetic modifications can be passed on to further generations as well. This is important because bettering overall nutrition has many beneficial long-lasting effects.
 
 
Zheng, J., Feng, Q., Zheng, S., & Xiao, X. (2018). Maternal nutrition and the developmental origins of osteoporosis in offspring: Potential mechanisms and clinical implications. Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 243(10), 836–842. https://doi.org/10.1177/1535370218779024
 
 
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