https://www.britannica.com/event/Crusades

https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/isla/hd_isla.htm#:~:text=The%20Arabs%20conquered%20Syria%2C%20Palestine,creation%20of%20a%20global%20empire.

https://www.historyhaven.com/AP%20Prep%20WH/The%20Impact%20of%20Islam.htm

Impacted: Three main cities of the Moorish Caliphate Granada- Castle that the Moors

Cordoba- Marking the end of the Islamic rule

Seville- Capital of Muslim Spain

Importance-Catholicism became the main religion, shaping the country and its identity.

https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/123845

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-herkimer-westerncivilization/chapter/the-reconquista/#:~:text=The%20period%20of%20Reconquista%20and,Spanish%20state%20and%20national%20identity.

https://www.britannica.com/event/Reconquista

Impacts:

Europe-Forced changes to Roman Catholicism and making people leave Spain's territories who believed in different things made Spanish culture more similar.

Americans-established to combat heresy

Importance- Spain was trying to become a united kingdom, the king got a lot of power. However, the methods used were harsh, causing a lot of pain and suffering for many people.

https://www.britannica.com/summary/Spanish-Inquisition-Key-Facts#:~:text=The%20Spanish%20Inquisition%20was%20a,to%20widespread%20death%20and%20suffering.

https://www.britannica.com/summary/Spanish-Inquisition-Causes-and-Effects#:~:text=Hundreds%20of%20thousands%20of%20Spanish,of%20Europe%20and%20the%20Americas.

https://www.britannica.com/event/Sykes-Picot-Agreement

https://www.bcu.ac.uk/english/research/stories-of-sacrifice/virtual-tour/the-sykes-picot-agreement#:~:text=The%20significance%20of%20the%20Sykes,Arab%20independence%20in%20previous%20years.

Impacted: Middle east

Importance- Israel is where the Jewish people began, shaping their spiritual and national identity, gaining independence, and creating an important culture for everyone.

https://www.history.com/topics/middle-east/history-of-israel

https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-creation-of-israel-in-1948-timeline-resulting-conflicts.html

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/truman-israel/#:~:text=A%20Jewish%20state%20is%20established,of%20national%20and%20universal%20significance.

Impacted: South Africa

Importance- Apartheid, a system that separated people based on their skin color in South Africa ended in the early 1990s and a new government formed in 1994 allowed everyone to be treated equally.

https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/pcw/98678.htm#:~:text=Apartheid%2C%20the%20Afrikaans%20name%20given,a%20democratic%20government%20in%201994.

Impacted: Germany, Europe

Importance- The Holocaust was the tragic period during World War II when the Nazis and their allies systematically persecuted and murdered six million European Jews.

Impacted: Bosnia, Herzegovina

Importance- Yugoslavia, a country in Europe, had some big problems like a government with a lot of control, money troubles, and people not getting along well, which eventually led to the country breaking apart.

https://www.prio.org/projects/1381#:~:text=of%20public%20opinion%3F-,Theories%20explaining%20the%20reason%20for%20civil%20war%20will%20be%20used,crisis%2C%20and%20strong%20social%20cleavages.

Impacted: Belgium, Czechoslovakia and Poland

Importance- The treaty after World War I made Germany and other countries say they were sorry for the war. They had to give up some land, have fewer soldiers, and pay money to the countries that won the war.

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/treaty-versailles-ends-wwi/

Impacted:

Germany-Nazi Party

Importance- Adolf Hitler was a famous person who had a lot of people supporting him. He became the leader of Germany through a series of problems and challenges in the country, not by taking control forcefully.

Impacted:

Northern France-The invasion of northern France in 1944 was the most significant victory of the Western Allies in the Second World War.

Importance- In 1944, the Allies had a major victory in World War II by landing in Normandy, France, and pushing ahead into the country.

Impacted: Fertile Crescent- The Fertile Crescent's farming birthed the Neolithic Revolution, sparking global civilization and city growth.

Importance:The Neolithic Revolution led to cities and civilizations, with men dominating family, economic, and political life, especially near major rivers.

Impacted: India- lost native crops, nutrient-depleted soil, and more pesticides harming food and the environment.

Importance:The Green Revolution boosted food grain production, especially wheat and rice, by introducing high-yielding varieties to developing countries

https://www.britannica.com/event/green-revolution

Impacted: Changed the face of warfare in Europe

Importance:Gunpowder is employed in fireworks and weaponry, as well as in various industries for producing fertilizers, dyes, and pigments.

https://unacademy.com/content/nda/study-material/chemistry/some-imp-chemical-compounds-gun-powder/#:~:text=Gunpowder%20is%20used%20in%20fireworks,cement%20production%20and%20iron%20smelting.

Impacted: Europe, the United States of America, and the modern era.

Importance: Industrialization and better transportation grew U.S. cities, expanded the economy, and led to labor struggles and strikes by the working class.

Impacted: World- protects the natural world from the destructive forces of human need.

Importance:Plastics made our technology and medical progress possible, saving energy, and providing affordable, lightweight, and durable alternatives to natural materials.

https://www.sciencehistory.org/education/classroom-activities/role-playing-games/case-of-plastics/history-and-future-of-plastics/#:~:text=Plastics%20made%20possible%20the%20development,in%20heating%20and%20in%20transportation.

Impacted:European countries to colonize and exploit those lands and their peoples.

Importance:Christopher Columbus sailed across the ocean and discovered new lands called the Americas.They started exchanging things like new plants, such as potatoes and tomatoes, between Europe and the Americas.

Impacted: Global- decimated the country for more than a decade, provoking a regional humanitarian crisis

Importance:The Syrian Civil War, which started in 2011, has caused the largest refugee crisis globally, with over a third of all refugees coming from Syria.

Impacted: Global- The cultural impact of the moon landing is all around us

Importance: The moon landing taught us about the composition of the moon. It gave us the first perspective of the Earth from Space.

Impacted: Global trade rules assure stability, ensuring secure access to diverse products and services for all.

Importance:WTO enforces trade rules and aids developing economies in building trade capacity.

Impacted: The printing press lifted Europe from the Middle Ages and sped up human progress.

Importance: Information could now be spread much more quickly. More copies of books, pamphlets, or posters would be printed, spreading ideas.

Impacted: World- Facebook Brought People Together

Importance: A website with speculated power to impact users' attitudes, intentions, or behaviors.

Impacted: The Cambridge Analytica significantly influenced of data privacy, political campaigns, and social media.

Importance: Cambridge Analytica made data privacy personal for Facebook users, reshaping ethical considerations and impacting digital democracy.

Impacted: Central Greece- fought between Greek and Persian forces during the Greco-Persian Wars.

Importance: The Persian triumph at Thermopylae enabled Xerxes to enter southern Greece, expanding the Persian empire.

Impacted: Allied offensive against German forces along the Western Front of World War 1

Importance: The diversion of German resources away from the assault on Verdun occurred.

Impacted: The two atomic bombs dropped on Japan in 1945 killed and maimed hundreds of thousands of people.

Importance: August 9, 1945, human devastation, helped end World War II.