Easily applicable in THE written context

Used in an instant without much practice

Cons:

Limited usage?

Susceptible to errors when switching contexts

Inflexible use of vocabs

Too much to remember?

Hard to use in speaking contexts

CONS:

repetitive - students develop lazy habits of copy / learning by heart without really understanding its meaning / reasons

--> sometimes make small mistakes

--> not proactively updating

limited range of sentence structures that can be applied to all scenarios - low flexibility and wrong applications

• better for low level students who have a hard time creating and applying grammar structures on their own

• easy to learn in a short time (for example, learning to take a standardized test)

• less stress for teachers when marking papers :)

Pros:

• Easy for learners

• Quick for teachers

• Can be used in most situations

Cons:

• Can be restrictive

• May neglect some common language forms (such as modal verbs, conditionals, passives, ...)

• Tend to favour some particular forms (present simple, passive voice, ...)

PROS AND CONS OF REGISTER ANALYSIS:

+Pros:

1/easy to apply-especially for new learners

2/teachers can apply this method for many situations (formal text, ...)

3/reduce grammatical mistakes

+Cons:

1/ no flexibility in using language

2/ no creative to apply new situations

3/ too theoretical guidance

4/ need more practice

Advantages of Register Analysis

• Focus on the linguistic features that students are more likely to meet in the future

• Teach students context, understand when and how to use language in specific situations

• Understand how social interactions form in

• Remember common pattern (collocation)

Disadvantages of Register Analysis

• Subjectivity in which register is important

• Unable to differentiate between cultures and contexts (e.g. medical terms)

• Difficult to categorise

Disadvantage: lack of flexibility and creativity. Learners only use without actual understanding, so they can only apply to specific situations

• Easily and quickly adopt language & sentence structures

Cons:

• Do not thoroughly understand the logic of structures

• may be confused when seeing some deriavatives of the original structures

• limited lexical resources if depending too much on the given structures

• Advantages:

  • ready to use for learners

  • easy for teachers to plan for the learners' needs

  • help teachers to be more selective in which register to teach

• Disadvantages:

  • rote learning that makes students less adaptive to real-life scenarios

  • less likely to understand languages in certain contexts

  • overlook many features highly used in communicative languages

  • neglect the learning process of students by simply filling grammar rules with words --> produce rather mechanical speech

• show no relation between sentences and therefore no sense of overall meassage

• learners cannot produce language in a natural way.

• 
  

Advantage:

- does not require certain level of learner

• easy for learners to understand and apply

Adv:

1. Improve communication effectiveness

   >> learners know how to use suitable words that are aligned with scenarios.

2. Raise awareness of context and audience.

3. Be useful in writing and speaking part.

Dis:

1. Be confusing to beginners.

2. Require knowledge and cultural understanding.

3. Time-consuming to find suitable words.

• Can apply immediately for learners (easy)

• Help learners in choosing appropriate language for different situation

Disadvantages:

• not flexible (sometimes it's a mix between formal and informal style)

• sometimes Ss don't really understand and might forget easily.

  
  

• Teaches real language used in specific fields.

• Improves job-related communication.

• Makes lessons more relevant and focused.

Disadvantages

• Focuses more on grammar than on the learning process.

• May ignore real-life speaking and interaction.

• Doesn’t allow for creative language use.

• Learner-centered: cater to learners' background, interests, aims.

• Specific: in terms of goals, context and needs. As these are often attached to real-world tasks, I guess ESP can also be described as practical and up-to-date?

• Timely: as the goal and context are specific and practical, I think ESP courses would mostly be short and efficient.

1. Specific goals: The ESP courses are designed to meet the requirements of learners in a specific discipline or profession

2. The courses focus on the learners' needs and goals. The materials used in the courses are primarily authentic, based on real life situations and associated with the learners' field of work.

3. The ESP teachers need to have the knowledge or expertise in the field(s) that they are teaching.

• Learners' line of work

• Their experiences with English learning and the language they already acquired for their working fields

• Personal motivations/purposes for ESP - why they need to learn ESP (to work abroad; to climb up the career ladder...)

• The practicality of the language taught (to teach the specific language needs for specific contexts)

• The application of authentic materials (articles, documents, and videos) that are relevant to the learners' specific fields.

• Adaptability

Learner centered: Focuses on the learner & their specific wants, needs, motivation, purpose for learning English

Purpose related: The contents of the course is based on what the learner specifically wants to focus on

Authentic materials: It makes use of of methodology as well as activities which serve its purposes

1. Learner’s goal: ESP meets the demand of learners who pursuit language for a specific purpose, such as for a particular discipline

2. Learner’s age: normally they are adults

3. Motivation: I guess for ESP, learner’s motivation comes more from inside (inner motivation)

4. Studying time: often short courses like 3 months for so

5. Learner’s level: intermediate and above

6. Need analysis: it is crucial, as other steps such as course designing, evaluation…

7. Content: focus on learner’s need

_ ESP is designed to meet learners' specified wants and needs, and generally for intermediate of advanced students but may occasionally be used for beginners

_ centered on the language appropriate to those activities in syntax, lexis, discourse,etc, and analysis of this discourse

_ may use a different methodology from that of general English