Md. Elias

Roll: 57

Unlike native English varieties such as British or American English, which are stress-timed, many South East Asian and South Pacific Englishes exhibit syllable-timed rhythm. (Deterding, 2007)

b. Avoidance of Dental Fricatives

• /θ/ → /t/, /s/, or /f/ (think → tink, sink, fink)

• /ð/ → /d/ or /z/ (that → dat, this → dis)
  This is widely observed in Singaporean, Filipino, Malaysian, and South Pacific Englishes.( Schneider, 2007).

He go yesterday instead of He went yesterday.
This pattern is particularly common in regions where English is learned as a second language or has evolved through creole influence (Siegel, 2008)

b. Article and Plural Omission

• She is teacher instead of She is a teacher

• Five boy come instead of Five boys come
  This feature reflects the structural simplicity of many local languages, which do not mark articles or plurality in the same way (Wong, 2007)

Speakers often mix English with local languages (code-switching), and borrow local vocabulary into English use:

barang (Malay: things)

kai (Fijian: food)

b. Creole Influence in the South Pacific

In places like Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, and the Solomon Islands, English is shaped by local English-based creoles such as Tok Pisin, Bislama, and Solomon Pijin. These varieties often use structures like:

• dispela man (this man)

• dat pikinini (that child)
  Such structures illustrate how pidgin and creole grammars influence English usage (Tryon & Charpentier, 2004)