Ligaments are strong bands of tissue that attach one bone to another bone. During ACL reconstruction, the torn ligament is removed and replaced with a band of tissue that usually connects muscle to bone (tendon). The graft tendon is taken from another part of your knee or from a deceased donor.

ACL reconstruction is an outpatient surgery that's performed by a doctor who specializes in surgical procedures of the bones and joints (orthopedic surgeon).

BCIS - Bone cement implantation syndrome

BCIS is characterized by hypoxia, hypotension or both and/or unexpected loss of consciousness occurring around the time of cementation, prosthesis insertion, reduction of the joint or, occasionally, limb tourniquet deflation in a patient undergoing cemented bone surgery.

That’s why when putting with cement, it is very important to alert the anaesthetist an AU nurse to closely monitor the patient and detect abnormal symptoms early. 

Clinical features consistent with BCIS: Hypoxia, Sudden loss of arterial pressure, Pulmonary hypertension, Arrhythmias, Loss of consciousness, Cardiac arrest.

 

2.      ACL: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the main stabilising ligaments in the knee, connecting the thighbone (femur) to the shinbone (tibia). An anterior cruciate ligament injury is commonly called an ACL tear. ACL tears are more likely to happen when you abruptly stop or change direction, or when you land awkwardly.