My swanky padlet by 35 , ANUSHKA KUNDU https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b Made with serendipity en-us 2021-12-21 05:10:34 UTC 2025-10-24 00:06:44 UTC hello@padlet.com Importance of the language English https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1958335073 English is the language of international communication. Most people use this language to communicate with other people in our daily life. But how did English become so important. Well it all goes back to the British Empire, during their colonial times the British obliged the people in those countries to speak English rather than their native languages and  Introduction of this language along with western education was one of the important factor which paved the way for the growth of Indian nationalism. English helped the nationalist leaders from different linguistic regions to communicate with each other and create a sense of national identity. In the absence of such a common language it was difficult for the Indians speaking in different regional  languages to come on a common platform and organize an all India- movement .  Thus, English became the common language that helped to link people with each other in this diverse land of language , which helped in the growth of nationalism.


Bidisha Halder]]> 2021-12-21 07:45:04 UTC https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1958335073 WHAT IS MEANT BY THE TERM VARNACULAR PRESS? gdb_akundu_120008 https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1958946271 The Vernacular Press Act was an act which allowed the British government to confiscate the assets of newspapers, including their printing presses, if the newspapers published anything found objectionable or against them. It was passed in 1878.  It was Proposed by Lord Lytton. According to this act, it was mandatory for the editors of Indian languages newspapers to make a written assurance to the magistrate or collector of their respective areas that they would not publish. (such articles in their newspapers that spread resentment in public against the government or there is a possibility of spreading communal hatred.)

Anushka Kundu. ]]> 2021-12-21 14:45:15 UTC https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1958946271 origin of the first vernacular press in India: gdb_amaity_180205 https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1962845298 Vernacular Press Act, in British India, law enacted in 1878 to curtail the freedom of the Indian-language (i.e., non-English) press. ... The act excluded English-language publications. It elicited strong and sustained protests from a wide spectrum of the Indian populace.

Aarna Maity.]]> 2021-12-24 05:37:31 UTC https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1962845298 ORIGIN OF ENGLISH sahitra https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1967408742 Having emerged from the dialects and vocabulary of Germanic peoples—Angles, Saxons, and Jutes—who settled in Britain in the 5th century CE, English today is a constantly changing language that has been influenced by a plethora of different cultures and languages, such as Latin, French, Dutch, and Afrikaans.

Geoffrey Chaucer. He was born in London sometime between 1340 and 1344 was known as the father of English. 

Sahitra Halder ]]> 2021-12-29 06:29:14 UTC https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1967408742 How did the English Spread ? gdb_tkarmakar_120037 https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1969935833 By the late 18th century, the British Empire had spread English through its colonies and geopolitical dominance. People needed to speak English to find success in life. More and more people learnt Business English for this reason. It acquired a firm foothold and remains the dominant or official language in many territories. Sailors, soldiers, traders and missionaries took English around the world. Commerce, science and technology, diplomacy, art, and formal education all contributed to English becoming the first truly global language. English also facilitated worldwide international communication.  The English language was introduced to India in the 17th century when English businessmen came to the country as traders. Even after the British rule was over in the middle of the 20th century, English remained in use in India. Almost two hundred thousand people claimed English as their first language and 125 million claimed it as a second language. Together with Hindi, English is used as the official language of the Indian government. It is familiar to almost all people of India  After years of controversies and political unrest regarding the statue of Hindi as sole official language, the Indian parliament decided to amend the Constitution to allow English to be used after the 15 years limit and it ratified the Official Languages Act of 1963.

 - Tannistha Karmakar]]> 2022-01-01 06:26:17 UTC https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1969935833 FAMOUS ENGLISH POETS AND AUTHOR shatakshikotal https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1969955838
William Shakespeare-  (26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "the Bard").His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, three long narrative poems, and a few other verses.

Joseph  Rudyard  Kipling (30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936)was an English journalist, short-story writer, poet, and novelist. He was born in India, which inspired much of his work.He is seen as an innovator in the art of the short story.His children's books are classics; one critic noted "a versatile and luminous narrative gifts .

Satakshi Kotal ]]> 2022-01-01 08:09:22 UTC https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1969955838 DIFFERENT VERNACULAR PRESS https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1970757364 Vernacular Press Act, in British India, law enacted in 1878 to curtail the freedom of the Indian-language (i.e., non-English) press. Proposed by Lord Lytton, then viceroy of India (governed 1876–80), the act was intended to prevent the vernacular press from expressing criticism of British policies—notably, the opposition that had grown with the outset of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–80). The act excluded English-language publications. It elicited strong and sustained protests from a wide spectrum of the Indian populace.The law was repealed in 1881 by Lytton’s successor as viceroy, Lord Ripon (governed 1880–84). However, the resentment it produced among Indians became one of the catalysts giving rise to India’s growing independence movement. Among the act’s most vocal critics was the Indian Association (founded 1876), which is generally considered to be one of the precursors of the Indian National Congress (founded 1885).



-Debarati Mitra]]> 2022-01-02 14:01:50 UTC https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1970757364 Importance Of Varnacular Press regarding INDIAN NATIONALISM saanvikundu2007 https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1970911118 The goal of Indian nationalists was to protect the national sentiments, public interests, and their freedom of opinion from British Rule. One of the main tools to educate the people of India was through the vernacular press. The Indians were not given any political share or their basic rights after the revolt of 1857 and this led to the national awakening of the masses. Thus, in order to propagate the newfound awakening the freedom of the press was essential. The regulations put a noose on the vernacular press from time to time which proved to be a hurdle for the Indian journalists to propagate and publish the nationalist agitations and ideology, mobilization, training, and strengthening of public outlook. Newspapers in local languages had a great impact on the public in rural areas because they were widely circulated there.

Conclusion 
The circulation and propagation of national awakening, national movement, and social reforms continued through vernacular journals, magazines, and newspapers, etc. The vernacular press faced confiscations, fines, and censorships but the press worked to awaken the citizens for the struggle for freedom from British Rule over India. Masses were educated through the vernacular press and stood for religious, cultural, social, and economic reforms. The Indian press was not the same as it is today. It served national sentiments then. Thus, the vernacular press worked like a propagator, freedom fighter, as a weapon, and as a national servant in order to liberate India from British exploitation. Various difficulties and hurdles were overcome by the vernacular press but it did not stop it to propagate freedom struggle and political awareness until India got Independence in 1947.
Saanvi Kundu ]]> 2022-01-02 16:21:27 UTC https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1970911118 Lord Lytton https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1980961611 •Lytton’s tenure as viceroy was marked by ruthlessness in both domestic and foreign affairs. 

•At the time India was reeling from famine caused by crop failure from 1876. His response was to convene a durbar in which he declared Queen Victoria as ‘Empress of India. The lack of response from his administration contributed between 6.1 million and 10.3 million deaths.

•The Vernacular Press Act was enacted in 1878. The act gave powers to the Viceroy to seize the press of any Indian vernacular publishing house that put forth content regarded as ‘seditious’ by the government.

•He also abolished the tax on foreign cotton coming to India, benefitting British traders at the cost of causing severe hardships for the local economy.

•Having exhausted all diplomatic options, in 1878, Lytton planned an invasion of Afghanistan, leading to the Second Anglo-Afghan War. Britain won all the battles and ultimately the Treaty of Gandamak put a more British receptive Amir as the ruler of Afghanistan.
- Kathakali Kundu
]]> 2022-01-07 18:03:38 UTC https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/1980961611 INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND VERNACULAR PRESS https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/2007461759 Facts about English Language 
English is a Germanic language of the Indo- European language family, originally spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is named after the Angels, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated from Anglia, a peninsula on the Baltic Sea, to the area of Great Britain later named after them: England. It is originated from Anglo- Frisian languages brought to Britain in the mid 5th to 7th centuries AD by Anglo- Saxon migrants from what is now northwest Germany, southern Denmark and the Netherlands. Geoffrey Chaucer is known as the father of the English Language.

Facts of Vernacular Press
Vernacular Press Act, in British India, law enacted in 1878 to curtail the service occupied important cabinet posts and served as viceroy of India. It was proposed by Lord Lytton, then viceroy of India( governed 1876-80), the act was intended to prevent the vernacular press from expressing criticism of British policies- notably, the opposition that had grown with the outset of the Second Anglo-Afghan War( 1878-80) 
Rishika Nayak ]]> 2022-01-23 19:07:57 UTC https://padlet.com/gdb_akundu_120008/52afdbbhkghxy53b/wish/2007461759