ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION (Extraction) - Julia B, Valentina, Luiza e Lais by Julia Martorell Rausch Bello

petroleum extraction process

juliabello — 2024-04-11 18:04:45 UTC

Environmental Impact:

2024-04-13 22:15:52 UTC

Mining operations can lead to deforestation, habitat destruction, soil erosion, water pollution, and air pollution. This can harm ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources.

Health and Safety:

2024-04-13 22:18:05 UTC

Miners often face health and safety risks due to exposure to hazardous substances such as asbestos, silica, and coal dust. Accidents, injuries, and fatalities are also common in the mining industry.

Community Displacement:

2024-04-13 22:19:51 UTC

Mining projects can result in the displacement of communities and indigenous peoples from their lands, leading to social disruption, loss of livelihoods, and cultural impacts.

https://www.hrw.org/report/2014/02/03/how-can-we-survive-here/impact-mining-human-rights-karamoja-uganda

Land Use Conflicts:

2024-04-13 22:22:46 UTC

Mining activities can create conflicts over land use, particularly in areas where mining encroaches upon agricultural land, forests, or water sources that communities rely on for their sustenance.

Resource Depletion:

2024-04-13 22:25:29 UTC

Unsustainable mining practices can lead to the depletion of natural resources, including minerals, metals, and groundwater, which can have long-term consequences for future generations.

Economic Inequality:

2024-04-13 22:28:08 UTC

Despite generating significant revenue, mining activities may not always benefit local communities or contribute to equitable economic development. Issues such as resource curse, corruption, and unequal distribution of wealth can exacerbate economic inequality.

Regulatory and Governance Challenges:

2024-04-13 22:32:49 UTC

Weak regulatory frameworks, inadequate enforcement of environmental and labor standards, and lack of transparency in decision-making can contribute to the perpetuation of mining-related problems.

valentinavianna — 2024-04-14 13:38:44 UTC

Wood extraction is different from deforestation. Wood extraction means taking specific trees to sell their wood. Much of it is legal. Deforestation, though, usually means chopping down the whole forest, often to make space for farming or animals.

Environmental impact

valentinavianna — 2024-04-14 13:52:16 UTC

The consequences of wood extraction are very serious, including loss of biodiversity, increased risk of extinction of wild animals, it can lead to soil erosion and loss of ecological services provided by the forest, such as maintaining the climate and hydrological cycle.

Community displacement

valentinavianna — 2024-04-14 14:06:29 UTC

The wood extraction can lead to several negative consequences for communities, including increased vulnerability to natural disasters,displacement and loss of livelihoods.

luizabrandao6 — 2024-04-14 14:16:00 UTC

Land use conflict

valentinavianna — 2024-04-14 14:23:10 UTC

Wood extraction often triggers conflicts over land use. Changes in land use caused by wood extraction can generate disagreements between different groups with competing interests. These conflicts can result in environmental problems like loss of biodiversity and soil erosion. Finding ways to handle these conflicts and balance the needs of different parties is essential for sustainable land use.

Resource depletion

valentinavianna — 2024-04-14 14:43:11 UTC

Unsustainable wood extraction can

lead to the depletion of natural resources like, Timber, Soil fertility, Water resources and Biodiversity.

Environmental Impact

juliabello — 2024-04-14 14:47:54 UTC

The petroleum industry is responsible for producing and emitting greenhouse gases, mainly through the burning of fossil fuels. Various environmental impacts are generated directly or indirectly, some reversible and others not, from soil, water, and air degradation, affecting all living beings.

Economic inequality

valentinavianna — 2024-04-14 14:56:01 UTC

The economic inequality associated with wood extraction ,are results from the extraction and trade of wood resources. This inequality can manifest in several ways such as distribution of benefits,acess to resources,land rights and ownership and enviromental cost.

Sources

valentinavianna — 2024-04-14 15:01:13 UTC

https://www.wwf.org.br/natureza_brasileira/areas_prioritarias/amazonia1/ameacas_riscos_amazonia/desmatamento_na_amazonia/extracao_de_madeira_na_amazonia/#:~:text=É%20comum%20que%20pessoas%20e,espécies%20e%20significativas%20perdas%20financeiras.

Impact on animals

juliabello — 2024-04-14 15:07:01 UTC

Petroleum is also capable of poisoning marine animals, affecting their nervous and digestive systems. Oil can also affect birds that feed on these fish, as they end up getting dirty with oil when they go to feed, which makes it difficult for them to move.

Water degradation

juliabello — 2024-04-14 15:07:51 UTC

When oil is dumped into the water, it not only pollutes the ocean but creates a layer that prevents algae from photosynthesizing.

Air degradation:

juliabello — 2024-04-14 15:08:15 UTC

The oil refining process involves burning it and producing toxic gases that contribute to global warming. When a car is used, there is also often the burning of oil that produces toxic gases.

Social Impact

juliabello — 2024-04-14 15:14:50 UTC

Oil pollution can cause financial problems for populations in affected regions, because it harms tourism and fishing.

There was a case in the Nordeste of Brazil that mysterious oil stains were in many beaches and rivers, and this affected more than 60.000 fisherman in that area.

Sources

juliabello — 2024-04-15 13:09:49 UTC

https://www.wwf.org.br/?84444/impactos-ambientais-do-petroleo-pressionam-o-setor-para-a-energia-limpa

https://mundoeducacao.uol.com.br/quimica/danos-causados-por-vazamentos-petroleo-nos-oceanos.htm

https://ejatlas.org/conflict/occidental-petroleum-s-direct-air-capture-facility-texas

Water Scarcity:

luizabrandao6 — 2024-04-15 13:18:32 UTC

Water scarcity can be defined as a lack of sufficient water, or not having access to safe water supplies. In many regions around the world, water scarcity is a pressing issue due to factors such as population growth, climate change, and inefficient water management practices. This scarcity can lead to competition for limited water resources among others sectors like agriculture, industry, and households.

https://www.unwater.org/water-facts/water-scarcity

Occidental Petroleum's Direct Air Capture facility in Texas

juliabello — 2024-04-15 13:21:26 UTC

In Texas, usa, the brand, Occidental Petroleum build a Direct Air Capture (DAC) facility amidst fracking rigs in the Permian Basin. This plans to reduce 500,000 tons of CO2 from the atmosphere a year. This project helps to reduce the greenhouse gases but is not the solution. When we look at this is seems like the brands are buying their right to pollute the air.

Environmental impact

valentinavianna — 2024-04-15 13:31:15 UTC

Cotton extraction can lead to water consumption because Cotton is a highly water-intensive crop, a huge use of Pesticide that can also lead to another problem that is water contamination and GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms),soil degradation, a big energy Use and biodiversity loss. ( most of them can also impact the animals to)

Video "Ouro sujo na Amazônia"

juliabello — 2024-04-15 13:32:27 UTC

In this video it shows how awful the gold extraction can be. The report shows the contamination of mercury in the rivers and soil, Besides that we can see people from small towns that are attracted by the money they receive if they find money, even if they are doing it illegally.

valentinavianna — 2024-04-15 13:32:44 UTC

Gold extraction

juliabello — 2024-04-15 13:32:58 UTC

Social impact

valentinavianna — 2024-04-18 17:30:15 UTC

Cotton extraction can result in the displacement of rural people from their lands and indigenous communities. This can change social structures and cultural practices, causing social disorder and loss of identity.

juliabello — 2024-04-18 17:49:00 UTC

Extraction is the process of removing something, especially by force, During the extraction phase, products are taken from nature and used as raw materials in the production of goods. This Process is very intensive, cause we take more nature resources than its capacity to regenerate.

Wood Extraction

juliabello — 2024-04-18 17:53:19 UTC

Resource deplation

valentinavianna — 2024-04-18 18:04:00 UTC

Massive cotton extraction can lead to significant resource depletion. Including intensive water use, soil degradation caused by agrochemicals, chemical pollution, substantial energy consumption, loss of biodiversity and land conversion.

valentinavianna — 2024-04-18 18:04:52 UTC

Economic inequality

valentinavianna — 2024-04-18 18:13:04 UTC

Small farmers and workers receive very little from cotton farming, as large companies or wealthy landowners get most of the money. They may not have enough land or money to farm cotton effectively, and this unequal distribution of wealth means they often endure poor pay and working conditions.

Sources

valentinavianna — 2024-04-18 18:15:01 UTC

1- (the link/image)

2- https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Impact-of-cotton-production-on-the-natural-resources_fig1_228377230

3 -https://www.worldwildlife.org/industries/cotton

Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

juliabello — 2024-04-27 11:25:41 UTC

juliabello — 2024-04-27 11:33:34 UTC

The world natural resources can be renewable, like water, Wood and Cotton. In the other hand Resources such as Petroleum, gold and other mining resources are non renewable. Nowadays we think that all of this sources are infinite, so we can use all of them without caring about it. It's important to be aware about this because if we continue to use this materials as we use today, in many years this Resources will be over.

juliabello — 2024-04-27 11:35:28 UTC

Social impact

juliabello — 2024-04-27 13:48:13 UTC

Gold extraction causes several social problems. One of them is the exploitation of people who work in illegal mining, they are exposed to substances such as mercury, without due protection, and normally only earn some money if they find something.

Furthermore, there is also a problem with indigenous lands. In Brazil, half of indigenous lands are threatened by mining. Mining can lead to contamination of rivers and soil, and bring diseases to indigenous populations.

Environmental impact

juliabello — 2024-04-27 14:01:44 UTC

The gold extraction causes many environmental impacts such as:

Toxic Trash: In gold extraction is normally used many chemicals, and in most of the cases this chemicals are dropped in the land and doesn't go to the right place, contaminating the space.
Mercury Pollution: To find the gold the miners use mercury, but this substance cause a huge impact on the environment, because it pollutes the water and soil, the animals that live in the rivers are impacted too.

Impact on animals

juliabello — 2024-04-27 14:05:01 UTC

Animals suffer a lot with the gold extraction, when the miners pollute the rivers and lands, it passes to the animals, because they live, drink or eat water or things in the soil. This toxic chemicals and lead to the death of the animal or a disease.

Sources

juliabello — 2024-04-27 14:06:21 UTC

1- https://www.ecycle.com.br/ouro/

2- https://earthworks.org/issues/dirty-gold-and-communities/#:~:text=Workers%20of%20America-,Social%20Impacts,the%20character%20of%20a%20place.

3-https://ejatlas.org/conflict/gold-mine-by-chinese-companies-in-gaga-central-african-republic

Gold and diamond mining by Chinese companies in Gaga, Central African Republic

juliabello — 2024-04-27 14:12:48 UTC

Since the 2010s, gold mining by Chinese companies in Central African Republic has resulted in heavy environmental impacts, in the land, water and human rights abuses.

Some environmental and Health impacts reported:

Accidents
Violence related health impacts
Deaths
Loss of landscape
Soil contamination
Surface water pollution
Deforestation and loss of vegetation cover

Groundwater depletion:

luizabrandao6 — 2024-04-27 16:34:49 UTC

The world’s main source of available, freshwater is groundwater. In many parts of the world, particularly where there is no supply of surface water, domestic, agricultural, and industrial water needs can only be met by the use of underground water. A key problem associated with groundwater usage is groundwater depletion, a concept often described as long-term water-level declines caused by continuous groundwater pumping. To provide us with groundwater, nature goes through a specific phase. Lowering of the Water Table: The groundwater table can be lowered by heavy drilling and wells are no longer able to access groundwater.

Increased Costs: The water must be pumped higher to reach the surface as the water table decreases, using more energy. Using such a well can be cost-prohibitive in severe cases.

Reduced Surface Water Supplies: Groundwater and water on the surface are related. The lakes, streams, and rivers linked to groundwater may also have their supply reduced when groundwater is overused.

Land Subsidence: When there is a lack of support below level, land subsidence happens. This is most frequently triggered by human activity, as the soil collapses, compacts, and drops, primarily through the overuse of groundwater.

Water Quality Concerns: In coastal areas, excessive pumping will cause saltwater to migrate inland and upwards, resulting in the water source being polluted by salt water.

https://assignmentpoint.com/groundwater-depletion-causes-effects-solution/

Surface Water Pollution

luizabrandao6 — 2024-04-27 16:49:08 UTC

Industrial activities, agriculture runoff, untreated sewage, and mining operations can contaminate surface water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and streams. This pollution not only affects aquatic ecosystems but also compromises water quality for human consumption and recreation.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20311572

Ecosystem Degradation

luizabrandao6 — 2024-04-28 18:08:08 UTC

Alterations in water availability and quality can harm aquatic ecosystems, leading to declines in biodiversity, loss of habitat, and disruptions in ecological processes such as nutrient cycling and sedimentation.

Social and Economic Impacts:

luizabrandao6 — 2024-04-28 18:13:10 UTC

Water problems can have profound social and economic impacts, particularly in communities that depend on water resources for agriculture, fishing, tourism, and livelihoods. Water scarcity and pollution can exacerbate poverty, food insecurity, and social inequality.

https://www.scirp.org/html/39132.html

Climate Change Resilience:

luizabrandao6 — 2024-04-28 18:17:14 UTC

The effects of climate change, including altered precipitation patterns, droughts, floods, and rising temperatures, further exacerbate water-related challenges, necessitating adaptive strategies and resilience-building measures.

https://www.scielo.br/j/pat/a/QTVRCT5pXYKwqPkk6NtZKnb/

Water Governance and Management:

luizabrandao6 — 2024-04-28 18:20:21 UTC

Effective water governance frameworks, integrated water resource management practices, water conservation measures, and stakeholder engagement are essential for addressing water problems and ensuring sustainable use of water resources.

https://www.watercentre.org/study/information-for/integrated-water-governance/