Fletcher AA Psych by https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks An Outstanding Padlet en-us 2022-04-20 23:11:41 UTC 2026-03-07 21:09:11 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f969.png Prompt 1. Who Am I??? mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2151117604 Who Am I???
- I am Michael Fletcher.
Who Do I Pretend To Be???
- I would say that If I ever pretend to be someone that I am not, It would be pretending that I am a social type person.
Who Do People Think I Am???
- A hardworking strong young man.
Who Do I Wish I Could Be???
I wish to be someone that I can be proud of at any moment of my life.
How Has Race Or Ethnicity Played a Role In My Responses???
- When It comes to my responses to these particular answers, I would not say race played a role.

]]> 2022-04-20 23:37:03 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2151117604 Prompt 2. First Experience With Race mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2151128258 My first memory that I can dig up out of my mind about race is from when I was about 7 years old. Me and one of my best friends Alec were hanging out with my cousin Brandon who is a lot darker than me and my family who are light skin for the most part. But Alec was calling my cousin burnt pancake, when they were messing around, but I could tell that it bothered my cousin and Alec could tell too. My cousin actually spoke up and said he didn't like it and to stop. The overall emotion that it made me feel at that young age, made me never want that to be done to me so why would anyone do it. We all joked about it a few weeks later and still joke about it today, but it really served as a real lesson. The impact my early experiences with race had on my world view now is that it taught me that the most important thing we can do is treat others the way we would want to be treated]]> 2022-04-20 23:48:57 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2151128258 Prompt 3. Positive Sense Of Self Brainstorming mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2151138038 -I believe it is absolutely necessary to have a positive sense of self because it will more so allow you to see race and ethnicity in a proper way  
-Someone who has an extremely negative sense of self, is going to be more likely do disrespect others race and ethnicity and not be in touch with the topic
-If someone identifies positively with African American psychology, I would bet that they have a stronger sense of racial identity. I say this because they clearly have self respect.  ]]> 2022-04-20 23:59:08 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2151138038 2.4 Ubuntu, Afrocentricity and Nguzo Saba mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2154168793 Theory 1-
After reading about the concept of Ubuntu as well as listening to Nelson Mandela speak on the topic, I believe that Ubuntu is very much alive and well in today's African American culture.  Mandela gave an example of a man who would come into the village and without asking, people would try to assist him in anyway necessary. I think present day examples can be seen nowadays when people who have found out how to attain success, go out and try to help out those who don't have someone to show them how to do it.  I believe that similarities can be seen not only between African and African American culture, but in every culture on the planet. I say this because the main idea and message of Ubuntu is to give the energy to others that you wish to be given back to you. That is a message that doesn't only come from Ubuntu but it comes from all of our individual consciousnesses. This concept definitely altered my worldview to a much more selfless manner.
Theory 2-
1. The concept that I feel is most present in the African American community today is Spiritness. I have noticed this throughout my life when seeing people who have faced extreme adversity and discrimination still keep their spirit and because of that they end up reaching their highest version of self.
2. One key concept that I believe is currently missing in the African American community in Human Authenticity. Life if priceless and every person on this planet is on a timer, our daily focus should be on the things that truly matter, like becoming someone we are proud of, or being strong for your family for example. In my opinion, there is too much importance placed on insignificant areas of life within the African American Community. I believe there should be more of an attitude which serves to teach rather than give. 
Theory 3-  Kujichagulia can be defined as self determination or in more words as reaffirming the right of people to determine their own destiny. This concept I would say heavily resonates with me because I believe this idea allows people to unlock their true potential. I have witnessed this first hand with people who were always set on a vision from a young age, and even though a lot of people did not believe in them or they just could not see the vision, the person still ends up reaching that vision in the end, this was due to an extreme amount of self determination. ]]> 2022-04-22 22:04:29 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2154168793 Padlet post 3.4 Three Self-Assessments, Racial Identity Development and Identity Resource mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2161484663 3.1- 1. In regards to the Natal Measures, I choose my parents first off then my siblings as well as my grandparents. The reasoning behind choosing my parents is because they are the sole reason behind my existence on earth. I mentioned my siblings because when you have siblings it allows you to see similarities between each other and you become closer because of them. Finally I said my grandparents because when spending time with my grandparents I realized they come from a much different time and place than we currently live in.
2. - Within the category of Behavioral Measures, my first selection would be language. Being able to communicate clearly and comfortably with your family is crucial. I would also mention music and food because these are things that are extremely meaningful to me. Finally I would say bonding through religious activities as well and sports help me connect even stronger with my own ethnic self identity.

3- Regarding the subjective measure category I chose, one significant topic which is role models. I put such emphasis on this because the role models we have in our lives especially at a early age, heavily shape who we end up becoming. For example if someone was determined to get their masters degree but they are taking advice from someone who dropped out of junior college cause it was too hard. You must follow success.

4-Within the final category of situational contextual-measures I could identify with all the topics listed but most with home family, work, recreation, religion and spirituality. For me, my home family were the ones who ingrained all these other areas into my life and I am forever grateful. The first example that comes to my mind is playing sports with my dad, brothers and sisters.

3.2- 1. My multi-group ethnic identity measure score was a 32
2. My score on this test tells me that my connections to my ethnic group is known and present but to me but not massively significant
3.  I think this shows that I have a moderate bond with my ethnic group due to me mainly not displaying a lot of pride for my group. This is not due to any particular reason, I would say I just do not naturally feel a strong attachment towards my group. But I do feel like I belong for sure

3.3- 1. Scored a 26 on the Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale 
2. My score indicates an overall above average sense of self esteem. This makes sense to me as I have been aware of this sense I was a  child, even if I didn't always show it.
3. I believe that my score was the number it is because at one point early in my life I did not have good self esteem and I set out to change that.

3.4- 1. I would state that I am in the 4th stage which is "Identification as a new racial group" I will say I am not fully in this stage although because I do not identify the most with other biracial people but I do identify more with them on average.
2. I know I am in this stage because I have been through moments in my life when I significantly favored one side.
3. I know I have progressed through other stages because I no longer feel obligated to only identify with my white side.
4. One of the most important things I learned in this process is accepting things I have no control over has greatly helped me psychologically.

3.5 My Racial Identity Resource
https://youtu.be/E44kFkyl_Y8
This video and this man Bob Proctor has helped me to progress greatly in my racial as well as spiritual journey. As well as break free from many harmful socital stereotypes





]]> 2022-04-28 03:34:36 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2161484663 4.4 Padlet Discussion: Race and Racism mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2165388694 1. After listening to the audio clip, I was able to easily recognize a few different "isms" throughout it. The first one I was able to recognize better after hearing the breakdown of microaggressions was racism. Asking someone a question such as where you from can boil up emotions within the person such as feeling like an alien in their society. Also to use the example of the black lady who stated that someone came complementing her with microaggressions regarding her intellect. This is yes obviously racism but also to me it feels in the same way ageism does. The lady complementing was talking to the other woman as if she was a child and that she was surprised with her capabilities.
2. To answer the question of do we live in a post racial society, I would say no and we never will.  Our country has been taking small baby steps but that's about it. But I think It is also important we stay thankful we are not somewhere worse like
Mauritania or Yemen where active slavery is still practiced.
3.For me I do not need a definition of race at all, I see it like a name. Just like my name is just word assigned to me that I had nothing to do with and means nothing. My race is not me, my name is not me, all that I identify with is my spirit and soul.
4. The topic that stood out to me most was for sure colorism. It is just so hard to understand why people seem to search for something to discriminate against when they are literally the same. I have seen this first hand my whole life, being half black with brown curly hair and light eyes. 
5. https://www.vox.com/2014/10/10/6943461/race-social-construct-origins-census
6. Something new that I learned from this chapter is that racism can affect not only psychological factors but it can also affect peoples physical health, even affecting disease.


]]> 2022-04-30 17:36:42 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2165388694 5.5 Kinship and Family mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2170725876 1. After analyzing the reading I was able to find many things that make the Black family unique, but a few significant ones stood out. First off I would say the family components of the black family, things such as nurturing, guidance, and providing structure are the most unique in my opinion. 
2. The strengths and challenges of the black family have been present for hundreds of years. They have faced many challenges in the past such as slavery and segregation, which the community has came a long way from and has used it now as strength. But now the black community is plagued by problems such as single motherhood, poverty and few resources. 
3. The concept of racial socialization affects parents as well as children in the black family. This has an affect first off on parents because it forces them to know that they need to tell their children of how the world and society is going to be for them being black children. Then on the other hand the children grow up hearing this their entire life and they can sometimes feel too weighed down or they can feel even more motivated in life. 
4. The things most negatively affecting the black family in my opinion is the alarming single motherhood rate as well as poverty levels. It is easy to see how these might relate to each other but the more significant side of is it is a lack of a father in the home. Statistics show that kids are more likely to do drugs, commit crimes, do poorly in school, be abusive and many other things when they don’t have their father in the home. 
5.
https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/wbna39993685

6. One thing that has shocking and horrible to learn from the lesson was the elderly abuse that occurs. Also the fact that 22% of elderly African Americans are poor.]]> 2022-05-05 00:15:00 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2170725876 5.6 Racial Autobiography Outline mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2171973211 Racial Autobiography Outline

  1. Introduction Paragraph: Definition of Race
    1. In the present day, there are a few core main issues on the hearts and minds of Americans but race is one everyone can be hurt by. The mental associations we have connected with race must be examined to figure out what causes them and to better help us move towards a post race society. 
    2. Is race biological or social?:
      In my belief race is completely a social construct just in the same way gender is. Race has become a set in stone set of rules that we have been raised and trained to abide by.

  2. Body Paragraph 1: Self-Assessments/Scores/Analysis
    1. Main point 1: The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) 
      1. My score came out to a 33. Meaning that I indicate a higher sense of ethnic identity and bonding with a group of people. 
    2. Main point 2: Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale
      1. My score for this test came out to 55. This signals that I have an above average self esteem 


  3. Body Paragraph 2: Summary of Stages of Racial Identity Development & Life Examples
    1. Main point 1: Racial Identity Development 
      1. Supporting detail:  Presented heavily with internalization, I would now say I am in the commitment stage.
    2. Main point 2: Multi-dimension of Ethnic Self Identification 
      1. Supporting Detail: In regards to this I would say my mindset has shifted from thinking of being connected to others to now more just myself and family 


  4. Body Paragraph 3: Post Racial Society Critical Analysis 
1. We absolutely do not live in a free post racial society today. With events like George Floyd there is no way that statement can be made that we are in a post racial society. 
2. African Americans are subjected to institutional racism across all areas of life, suffer low income, low fatherhood and high rates of police violence   

  1. Conclusion Paragraph
When thinking of the United States of America which is supposed top be land of the free, we can not stand for the systemic hate and white supremacy forming against African Americans. We must learn from our wrongdoings and treat everyone equal.

]]> 2022-05-05 19:23:48 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2171973211 6.5 Education and Work (Theme 1) *Updated mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2173379380 1. I feel that the most significant factor contributing to a low number of African Americans in the STEM system is the feeling of being lost and out of place on campus. Many African American students feel as if there is no one like them around them and this can cause a lot of anxiety. The second factor I must mention is the pain caused by preconceived stereotypes regarding African Americans.
2. Teachers play the role of being a guide to help the students navigate and thrive through the same stereotypes and feelings of imposter syndrome. A quote from Mark Van Doren states that " the art of teaching is the art of assisting discovery." Teachers play the role of a role model to their students to show them that someone who looks like them can achieve whatever they want to achieve.
3. The implicit bias of educators can often serve to cause feelings of inadequacy in the students and a stronger avoidance of those subjects. Most importantly, these strong feelings can shape the overall mindset of young students. Implicit bias can also cause even already qualified candidates to be overlooked and dismissed due to them being a minority.
4. This knowledge can easily lead to developing imposter syndrome, because these types of bias is what plants the seeds for more serious emotions to occur. In the context of the educational system This information leads to an overall inability to believe that as a minority student, you can hold high positions of intellect and authority. This in turn leads to an avoidance higher education and more prestigious school selections.
5. I think the best and most effective method to avoid these problems happening is to not address students by their race, ethnicity, or gender at all. Refer to everyone as their preferred name, and provide equal encouragement and assistance to all students.
6. I learned the major concept of imposter syndrome and was actually able to relate to it as well. 

]]> 2022-05-06 19:32:59 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2173379380 6.5 Education and Work (Theme 2) mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2173394644 1. Imposter syndrome can be defined as an inability to internalize accomplishments and instead having a constant state of fear that they will be exposed as a fake. 
2. Students can be affected by imposter syndrome by internal feelings being created of extreme incapability and inferiority. This can carry on after education and cause young adults to way undersell themselves.
3. Regarding the mental health and self esteem of African American women it can be detrimental to progressing in life as well as extremely harmful for the mental state.
4. Race and gender are front and center in the African American woman's work experience. They are much too often spoke down upon and looked over by white coworkers and bosses. It was found that white bosses expect less success from black workers.
5. One suggestion I could make to improve the work experience for black women and all minorities is to develop the mental strength to not allow someones perception of you to become your own belief. You can never control what others think of you.
6. One thing that I learned that was surprising to me was that white teachers think black students are 40% less likely to graduate high school. 

 ]]> 2022-05-06 19:49:57 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2173394644 6.6 Racial Autobiography mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2173471504 2022-05-06 21:35:12 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2173471504 7.6 Padlet Discussion: Intersectionality, Bias and Microagressions mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2178391884 1. For people of color, unwanted consequences can come about resulting from subconscious racial slights. The most significant and impactful one is an overall feeling of alienation among society. Many will feel extremely degraded by the ideas which are being subconsciously implied.  
2. Stereotypes can easily develop from microaggressions. An example of this could be like the lady stated, she was being spoke down to like a child by another woman. The stranger was surprised at how smart she was but that was only the case because she already had the preconceived either conscience or subconscious stereotype in her head of black people are uneducated and dumb.
3.  Intersectionality, racial microaggressions, bias or white privilege can have devastating effects on ones sense of self. Intense feeling of loneliness, anger, depression, anxiety and an overall lower psychological well being.
4. https://www.apa.org/news/podcasts
-This article helps to explain that many white Americans tend to ignore and even deny that white privilege exists, and what needs to be done to combat racial injustice.  
5. I believe that the best strategy in order to counter microaggressions is for people to put thought into what they say and place themselves in the other persons shoes so they can see how they would want to be talked to.
6. The most insightful thing that I learned from this module I would say was how to classify microaggressions into different categories.


]]> 2022-05-10 22:47:53 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2178391884 9.5 Self-Reflection SWOT Analysis of Neighborhoods and Communities mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2191970690 1. The black community has several strengths that serve as it's core foundation. These strengths, although were brought about from times of extreme discrimination and having to endure peak racism in the America. The most powerful strength held by our black community I must say is resilience. People of color are disproportionately overlooked and over prosecuted in all areas of life. This I say has put a chip on our shoulder that we know we can come back from the discrimination we are currently facing and have been facing, but in order to do so we must work twice as hard as those who are white privileged. The second most prevalent strength of our community has to be a strong family connection. Our families have a outstanding ability to alter family roles to do whatever needs to be done to help our family members.
2. Although I stated family connection to be one of the strengths of our community, it is also our most detrimental downfall. The ability to switch  family roles around had to come about due to a lack of family accountability, in specific on the part of the father. Single motherhood rate has skyrocketed over the past few decades to over 70%. This is unacceptable and should not be incentivized in any way by placing single motherhood on a pedestal.  Single motherhood is draining the potential out of our young children. Boys are worse off across the board without their father in the house, more likely to be violent, do poorly in school, have criminal run ins, drug issues and more likely to live in poverty. This is not up for debate. The final most critical issue that can not be over looked is the black abortion rate. From the WSJ According to a city Health Department report released in May, between 2012 and 2016 black mothers terminated 136,426 pregnancies and gave birth to 118,127 babies. This is not sustainable at all and frankly is demonic. We can not be killing more of our babies than we give birth to. In terms of a solution to this we must stop propagandizing our mothers into thinking that they just have a clump of cells in their belly and that just because a baby is inconvenient at the time doesn't mean you can kill it. Even then if you want to hold those beliefs, there are horrible psychological and physical effects that will happen to the mother due to an abortion. It is a lose lose situation and we need to stop acting like abortion is a great thing that needs to be celebrated. We can find common ground on situations of rape, incest and danger to the mother but we need to come back to reality and realize we were all one of those "clump of cells" at one point. 
3. I could name three simple and easy ways for our community to play a role in the progressive movement. First off our community needs to go back to valuing accountability and not material things. What do I mean by this, we must value ensuring our sons and little daughters have the correct mindset to thrive in life. Second we must progress towards a post racial society as much as we can. In specific, not shaping our children's minds around race which is completely made up, but instead shaping our children's minds around concepts of success and the blueprint to achieve it.  The final thing I want to say  that can apply to all minorities in America, is we must stop seeking to divide with language.  We are not African Americans, we are not Asian Americans or Mexican Americans, we are all Americans. That is something we can all find strength in. 
4. A few detrimental effects on the progressive movement by the black community are still obvious. First off something I can attest to myself is the racism within our own community. Any person of color knows that It is different being light skinned, different being brown skinned and different being dark skinned. We can not be preaching a progressive agenda when we discriminate over our shade. Second I would say there is an ignorance to the sources of our problems. At a certain point we need to take accountability for our own lives and stop looking to the government to help us. Finally we must stop trying to give our children everything we didn't have but instead teach them everything we didn't know. 
5. WSJ pertaining to our abortion issue 
https://www.wsj.com/articles/lets-talk-about-the-black-abortion-rate-1531263697
6. The most interesting thing to me from this unit I must say had to have been the concept of social disorganization theory. ]]> 2022-05-19 20:45:23 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2191970690 9.6 Discussion: Thesis, Direction and Resources for Critical Analysis Project mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2192009525 2022-05-19 21:32:11 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2192009525 9.6 Repost mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2193485670 2022-05-20 20:26:16 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2193485670 10.5 Self Reflection mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2193503453 1. One thing that stood out to me from the reading was explaining why in the first place attraction occurs in black male and female interpersonal relationships. It stated that we are more likely to choose someone who holds the same attitudes and mind set as us. This helps to understand that the main thing that a lot of people seek in relationships is validation. 
2. Stereotypes ingrained in our society  regarding African American women have showed to be extremely psychologically dangerous. For women noticing these stereotypes it can shape their minds to value characteristics that she thinks are uplifting her in a mans eyes but in reality she is degrading herself.
3. The rising number of single black unmarried families is a cause of a few different factors. The number one overwhelming factor  is mutual lack of trust between women and men. In the qualitative study of motherhood and marriage in low-income Philadelphia and New Jersey neighborhoods, Edin and Kefalas (2005, p. 126) wrote, “Mistrust seems to permeate the very air of these neighborhoods.” They argue that mistrust is particularly pernicious with respect to marriage: “Becoming comfortable with the idea of marriage is about trust - - the astonishing lack of it in most couple relationships, and the profound need for it in order to sustain a marriage.”
4. A stigma has developed in the African American community against the LGBTQ+ community due to old societal norms still controlling many in the community. Statistics show that for black family members who identify as LGBTQ, 59% of them say that their own family makes them feel bad about it. ]]> 2022-05-20 20:55:06 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2193503453 11.5 Cognition, Language and Learning mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2199879259 Theme 1
1. Code switching can be defined as a person changing the way they express themselves, it can be in a subtle way. This concept can affect an African American's success because it can force them to alter their behavior to aim towards being the most non threatening person of color, instead of pursuing their highest level. 
2. Code switching represents a dangerous threat to diversity, because it conditions the minority groups to not act in their own way which is what produces diversity but instead code switching teaches them to act in line with societal stereotypes. 
3. Code switching and its effects have the ability to take a toll on a person's mental health. For example someone may be altering the way they act in a different way for different groups of people in their life. Editing behavior depending on whether the person is at work, school, home, rich friends or regular friends could all be examples.
4.  https://www.yesmagazine.org/opinion/2019/12/17/culture-code-switching
-This article really served to provide an alternate perspective on the concept. The article stated that the core idea of code switching is to alter dialect in the best way possible to align and unify with the group at hand. 
5. A strategy I believe that would be useful in addressing the misconceptions regarding code switching in the African American community in to have overall more inclusive policy. We should give respect to who people are and where they come from, no matter how that may make them speak or appear.
6. One thing that I learned that was shocking to me was the Harvard professor Henry Gates Jr being arrested for breaking into his own home. 

Theme 2
1. AAVE is the distinctive dialect which is historically spoken by African Americans. Standard American English is much more strict, AAVE is considered by some to be a broken English. 
2. Speaking in Ebonics in the classroom setting is usually always met with a quick correction to Standard American. Speaking in this manner is often times also viewed on a lower intellectual level. 
3. Dual language speaking students can be empowered in the classroom by making them understand that it does not matter how they communicate their mastery but instead it only matters that they mastered it. 
4. https://studybreaks.com/news-politics/should-ebonics-be-used-in-an-educational-setting/
This article helped me to understand one of the main factors behind not teaching Ebonics in schools and that is a fear of traditional English being taken over.
5. I agree with the professor at the end of the video when he stated that we must retrain our teachers to understand that AAVE is actually all around Standard American English. 
6. One additional quote that stuck with me from the video stated that "dismissing a child's words only diminishes their identity."]]> 2022-05-25 20:13:44 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2199879259 12.5 Religion and Spirituality mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2201331596 Theme 1
1. The spiritual and religious practices of the  African American community differs from the larger community. First off in the whole religious picture, African Americans are more religious than Whites and Latinos statistically speaking. Another common difference of specifically elder African Americans is the tendency to be associated with historically black Protestant churches.
2. The religious practices of black millennials are differentiated from practices of older African Americans. Overall, black millennials are more religious than others in their generation but still not at the level of older African Americans. For example black millennials are more likely to regularly read scripture outside of religious services than  other equal generational groups but older African Americans are still much more likely. Older African Americans also demonstrate a much stronger loyalty to historically black churches.
3. Attending church can have very beneficial affects on mental health for African Americans. We all know how hard life is as an African American in this country and for many, the church serves as the most effective coping method.  Many African Americans, rather than seeking support in the form of a mental health professional, go to their church.
4. https://afsp.org/story/the-role-of-the-church-in-improving-mental-wellness-in-the-african-american-commu
- This article allowed me to better understand the traditional roles that the church has played in the African American community throughout our history.
5. Something that really caught my eye and stuck with me from this modules reading was the fact that millennials are more likely to believe in heaven than are non-black millennials.

Theme 2
1. Santeria holds immense significance due to how closely connected the religious practices of Yoruba Orisha faith are to the African American community. 
2. For practicing African Americans, Santeria serves to provide a connection back to Africa. It provides a feeling of home as well as a massive ancient spiritual heritage which dates back before slavery. A stronger confection to racial identity is also formed with these religious practices. 
3. Health and healing is treated in Yoruba as being very closely associated with ones own spirituality. The goal is to appeal to the gods so they might heal you and in order to do so there are often sacred offerings laid out for them. 
4. https://news.clas.ufl.edu/the-survival-of-the-yoruba-healing-systems-in-the-modern-age/
- This article really helped me to shine light on the more in depth practices of healing methods in Santeria. For example they  believe that physical ailments can be remedied through the application of physical elements found in the environment. 
5. One thing that I newly learned from this section is that a lot of African Americans who practice Santeria were actually previously traditional Christian.

Theme 3
1. African American religious practices can relate to traditional African religious practices in a few different ways. First off both share a common core theme of religion serving as the backbone of moral and societal values.
Next traditional African as well as African American religious practices both commonly name their children based off of religious meaning. One more thing that these groups have in common is that the religious leader does not only have influence in the church but they are also prominence in the whole community. 
2. Although there are many similarities between these practices,  there are also obvious differences. The most significant difference in the big picture is African Americans religious practices are much more aligned with traditional American Christianity.
In addition, there is much less native spirituality present in African Americans. One more thing that is not held in common belief is the concept of heaven. Much more young African Americans are believing in heaven than other groups but in traditional African practices the afterlife did not hold much significance.  
3. The greatest altering factor to African American religious practices was slavery. During colonial America as well as the slave era, traditional African spirituality was suppressed. African American's religious values were restructured in order to better align with the traditional christian values of the white settlers.  A common thought theme of enslaved Africans was that Christianity will provide them with a better life after they die only if they were obedient to their masters.  
4. https://aaregistry.org/story/from-africa-to-the-americas-santeria/
- This article assisted me in deepening my knowledge more into the beginnings of Santeria
5. One thing that I can say I learned from this chapter, is that in traditional African religious practices they did not attach much significance at all to the idea of an afterlife. This was shocking because that is a main focus of many religions today.]]> 2022-05-26 20:35:53 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2201331596 13.4 Self Reflection mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2206481705 Theme 2
1. There are obvious disparities present in the medical situation of African American women needing pain medication. It has been confirmed by a 2011 paper published in Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research, a peer-reviewed journal, found that
“racial/ethnic minorities consistently receive less adequate treatment for acute and chronic pain than non-Hispanic
whites, even after controlling for age, gender, and pain intensity.”  The reasoning behind this is society's long held core belief that black people some how feel less pain than whites. 
2. There are a number of factors contributing to the disproportionate amount of African American babies as well as mothers who die during childbirth. Overall black mothers are 243 percent more likely than white women to die from childbirth. One massively important factor contributing to this issue is that that black college educated mothers who gave birth in local hospitals were still more likely to
suffer serious pregnancy or childbirth related complications compared to other minority women  who never graduated from high school. This shows that this is not an issue which can be solved by education or social class. One more issue that is critical to both the health of the mother and child is common disregard for the complaints of black women by doctors. If a African American mother is already in a compromised condition and now is getting worse, they mention that to the doctor and they provide no help. This is clearly a slippery slope leading to possible death. 
3. I believe this one of the most difficult issues to provide solutions to, due to studies already eliminating multiple possible causation's such as lack of education or social class. The best solution I think is going to be to better the psychological perspectives of our doctors. The number one factor causing these fatal issues for African American mothers is a preconceived mindset of doctors that African Americans can take more pain and do not need help. Our new generation of doctors must completely eliminate this idea.
4. https://www.prb.org/resources/black-women-over-three-times-more-likely-to-die-in-pregnancy-postpartum-than-white-women-new-research-finds/
-This article provided me with a new additional solution to the issue. The researcher stated that birth programs must " “treats a mother’s culture, racial identity, and background as assets during pregnancy, rather than pathology or a problem.”
5. Honestly this entire theme is what stood out to me most. I was unaware of these massive disparities and realize now that giving birth is not always the happy process that many imagine. ]]> 2022-05-31 18:16:21 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2206481705 13.5 Outline for Film Analysis Project mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2209346349 2022-06-02 19:06:17 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2209346349 14.5 Health, Illness and Disability mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2210552962 1. Institutional racist policy choices have resulted in massive amounts of disproportionate detrimental health conditions such as diabetes and heart disease in the African American Community. On top of these physical consequences, massive amounts of stress is disproportionately applied to people of low income as well as those who have been disadvantaged historically.   
2. Several factors relating to the overall concept of health, such as health insurance and health education are effecting the African American Community strongly. First off it is known that there is an unconscious bias in America of believing black people can take more pain with less help  which has a long history dating back to colonial slavery. On top of this the United States has a history of taking advantage of black people with the medical system, for example like in the Tuskegee experiment. This adds an additional layer of distrust for the medical system among AAs. A lot of community members feel afraid to attend the doctors and often times they are unaware that they are in poor health condition due to a lack of proper health education. 
3. The number one way I believe we can solve this issue is to unite through health. Health truly is your wealth and many people just do not have a proper understanding of what it takes to be healthy. Also I think it would be smart to begin educating African American children as early as possible on good nutrition. Besides education and a healthy diet, African American children must be showed the power of exercise, which is proven to improve psychical health as well as psychological health.  
4. https://www.americanbar.org/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/the-state-of-healthcare-in-the-united-states/racial-disparities-in-health-care/
-This article helped to provide a differing opinion on how to explain the disparities. It is stated that  doctors and their biases cause them to give their patients of color inferior health care and, in so doing, contribute to higher rates of morbidity and mortality. 
5. One thing from the video which made go back and look at the statistic twice was the fact the African Americans are 50% more likely to die a premature death from hearth attack or stroke. ]]> 2022-06-03 20:53:45 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2210552962 15.6 Film Analysis Feedback mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2214568806 2022-06-08 06:19:24 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2214568806 Final Film Presentation mfletcher66 https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2218010066 https://compton.us-west-2.instructuremedia.com/embed/8c4db613-b80e-474e-aa8a-122ddd00e27a]]> 2022-06-11 06:31:48 UTC https://padlet.com/mfletcher66/Bookmarks/wish/2218010066