Reality is subjective.

Its structure is fragmented, decentralized, pluralistic.

Playful, ironic, mixes high and low culture.

Its view of society bases on skepticism, deconstruction, relativism.

Postmodern works often parody traditional forms and are self-referential.

It’s aware of its own artificiality.

In philosophy: Nietzsche, Heidegger, Lyotard, etc.

In psychology: Freud, Lacan.

In Art & Design: Warhol, postmodern architecture.

In popular culture and media: It blurs the lines between “high” and “low” art, and it often incorporates pop culture, advertisements, and mass media.

The stories are told out of order or from multiple perspectives.

Lots of characters are aware they are in a story.

It has a dark humor and satire.

They’re mostly open-ended stories with no clear conclusion.

The stories mix genres and styles, such as fantasy, sci-if, history, etc.

Postmodernism emerged after World War II, in reaction to the destruction, trauma, and failures of modernist ideals.

Postmodernists saw ideas like progress, rationality, and universal truth as dangerous.

The advent of mass media, television, and later the internet reinforced postmodernism’s focus on fragmented realities, simulations and hyper reality.

The 1960s counterculture, feminism, civil rights movements, etc., influenced postmodern perspectives, highlighting pluralism and marginalized voices.