Name the countries mentioned in the text.

List the reasons why they are at risk.

List the negative consequences of those risks.

1- climate patterns

2- deadly Monsoons

3- landslide

4- flood

5- drought

6- water shortage

7- to harvast crops

8- basic staples

9- overfishing

10- hovering risk

11- population density

12- overpopulation

in deep water / on thin ice / to have a green thumb /a voice in the wilderness / to chase rainbows / to have your head in the clouds / a breath of fresh air / as fresh as a daisy / a drop in the ocean / the tip of the iceberg

1- The city residents can take ______________ from pollution after the rain occurs. 

2- He must _______________ as his flower garden is growing well and healthy.

3- The company´s director will be walking______________ after the shareholders find out about the illegal waste disposal.

4- You should stop ________________ by aiming to be an environmentalist and get a real job for a living.

5- Sending 10 garbage trucks to collect tones of trash is just a __________________________.

6- He is looking _______________ after eating a healthy lunch full of vegetables.

7- The effects of climate change that we have seen so far is just the begining. It's _________________

8- We´ll soon be _______________ if we carry on using fossil fuels instead of renewable energy.

Read the text and identify:

1) the name of the 7 countries mentioned

2) the sustainable measure it has taken

Basic staples: Main or essential food items that people eat regularly.

Climate patterns: Usual or typical weather conditions in a region over a long period.

Deadly monsoons: Very strong seasonal rains and winds that can cause vast destruction.

Drought: A long period with little or no rain, that causes water shortages.

Flood: An overflow of water that covers an area of land.

Hovering risk: A danger or threat that is close or likely to happen.

To harvest crops: To gather ripe plants or products from production fields.

Landslide: The sudden sliding down of a mass of earth or rocks from a mountain or hill.

Overfishing: Catching too many fishes that the population of fishes cannot recover from the losses, leading to underpopulation and even extinction in the affected area.

Overpopulation: When too many individuals live in one area for the resources available.

Population density: The number of individuals living per unit of area.

Water shortage: When there is not enough water for an area's needs.

^{basic staples: bens básicos}

^{climate patterns: padrões climáticos}

^{deadly monsoons: monções mortais}

^{drought: seca}

^{flood: cheia}

^{hovering risk: risco iminente}

^{landslide: deslizamento de terra}

^{overfishing:pesca excessiva}

^{overpopulation: sobrepopulação}

^{population destiny: densidade populacional}

^{to harvast crops: colher as colheitas}

^{water shortage: escassez de água}

^{Francisco Alves ,Gonçalo Martins, Hugo marialva,Martim Reis}

Basic staples – Alimentos ou produtos essenciais que as pessoas usam ou consomem regularmente (por exemplo, arroz, pão, leite).

Climate patterns – Variações ou tendências regulares nas condições climáticas ao longo do tempo em uma região específica.

Deadly monsoons – Chuvas sazonais muito fortes que causam destruição ou morte.

Drought – Um longo período com pouca ou nenhuma chuva, causando escassez de água.

Flood – Um transbordamento de água que cobre uma área de terra que normalmente está seca.

Hovering risk – Um perigo ou ameaça que está continuamente presente ou provavelmente ocorrerá.

Landslide – O movimento repentino de uma grande quantidade de terra ou rochas encosta abaixo.

Overfishing – Pescar em excesso, capturando tantos peixes que a população não consegue se recuperar.

Overpopulation – Quando há pessoas demais em uma área para os recursos disponíveis.

Population density – O número de pessoas que vivem em uma determinada área, geralmente medido por quilômetro quadrado ou milha quadrada.

To harvest crops – Colher ou reunir plantas maduras ou produtos agrícolas dos campos.

Water shortage – Situação em que o fornecimento de água não é suficiente para atender à demanda.

Task 2 - Reading and scanning a text

The Netherlands – Created the European Plastics Pact to cut plastic waste, applied the “doughnut economics” model for sustainable living, and developed the “Great Bubble Barrier” to stop plastic from entering the sea.

Ghana – Joined the Global Plastic Action Partnership and built the Waste Recovery Platform to improve recycling and plastic-waste management.

China – Working to be carbon-neutral by 2060, producing large amounts of renewable energy, and building waste-to-energy plants to process solid waste.

New Zealand – Protects over 30% of its land, follows the Māori idea of caring for nature, and invests in recycling projects to reduce landfill waste.

Japan – Expands electric vehicle use, builds more charging stations, and updates its circular economy plan regularly to improve recycling.

Costa Rica – Uses 99% renewable energy, plans to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, and improves plastic waste management and recycling.

Sweden – Turns most waste into energy, recycles almost half, sends very little to landfill, and promotes a national circular economy policy.

Task 3 - Reading-comprehension

Countries mentioned in the text

1. Tuvalu

2. Japan

3. Haiti

4. Philippines

Reasons why they are at risk

• Tuvalu:

  • It is a small island nation in the Pacific Ocean, only 4.5 meters above sea level.

  • Rising sea levels caused by climate change threaten to submerge the island.

• Japan:

  • It lies on a tectonic fault line, which makes it vulnerable to earthquakes and tsunamis.

  • Natural disasters like typhoons and floods are also becoming more common.

• Haiti:

  • It is located in the Caribbean, where hurricanes are frequent.

  • The country is very poor and still recovering from previous disasters, making it harder to rebuild.

• Philippines:

  • It faces severe flooding caused by heavy rains linked to climate change.

  • Poor infrastructure and limited government resources make it difficult to respond effectively.

Negative consequences of those risks

• Tuvalu:

  • The island is slowly disappearing under rising sea levels.

  • People may lose their homes and be forced to leave the island (climate refugees).

• Japan:

  • Earthquakes, tsunamis, and other disasters cause major loss of life and property.

  • Constant rebuilding after disasters puts pressure on the economy.

• Haiti:

  • Homes, crops, and infrastructure are repeatedly destroyed by hurricanes.

  • The country struggles with poverty and slow recovery after each disaster.

• Philippines:

  • Flooding destroys crops, homes, and entire villages.

  • Millions of people are displaced, and food and clean water become scarce.

Task 4 - Idioms (Environment Related)

1. a breath of fresh air

2. have a green thumb

3. on thin ice

4. chasing rainbows

5. a drop in the ocean

6. as fresh as a daisy

7. the tip of the iceberg

8. in deep water

Grupo G

Verónica Yareshko

Sofia Moura

Leonor Sousa

Sara Pinto

1- a breath of fresh air

2- to have a green thumb

3- in deep water

4- to chasing rainbows

5- drop in the ocean

6- as fresh as a daisy

7- the tip of the iceberg

8- on thin ice

Vocabulary Bank :

Basic Staples: produtos básicos

Climate patterns: Padrões climatéricos

Deadly Monsoons: monções mortais

Drought: Seca

Flood: Cheia

Hovering risk: Risco iminente

Landslide: Deslizamento de terra

Overfishing: Pesca intensiva

Overpopulation: Superpopulação

Population density: Densidade populacional

To harvast crops: Apanha das colheitas

Water shortage: Esacassez de água

Alimentos essenciais que fazem parte da nossa alimentação do dia a dia , tipo arroz , pão ou batatas

climate patterns – Padrões climáticos

Condições do tempo que não mudam ao longo dos anos , há sempre um padrão

Deadly Monsoons - monções mortais

Chuvas muito fortes que podem provocar enchentes e causar destruição e mortes

Drought - seca

Período seco, em que não chove durante muito tempo e começa a faltar água

Flood - inundação

Quando a água sobre muito e transborda, inundando toda a superfície

Hovering risk - risco iminente

Perigo que está prestes a acontecer

Landslide - deslizamento de terra

Queda repentina de terra ou rochas encosta abaixo, geralmente causada por chuva intensa

Overfishing - pesca excessiva

Quando se pesca peixe a mais do que se pode ao ponto de as espécies já não terem tempo de produzir mais peixes

Overpopulation - população excessiva

situação em que há mais pessoas do que os recursos e o espaço conseguem suportar

Population density - densidade populacional

quantidade de pessoas que vive numa determinada área

To harvast crops - colher as colheitas

Apanhar os produtos agrícolas já prontos dos campos

Water shortage - escassez de água

quando a quantidade de água disponível é insuficiente para o consumo e as necessidades básicas.

Inês Moreira , Rita Guterre

Japan, heavy rain, floods, heatwaves and typhoons, the climate change is having an impact on its food, mainly on rice. This isnt going to affect the crops in a short time, but in a long time this is going to be bad.

Haiti, earthquakes, hurricanes, droughts and landsides. This destroyed 60% of their crop, killing peolple and the destruction of buildings.

Francisco Alves n6

Gonçalo Martins n7

Martim Reis n15

Worked with other EU countries to launch the European Plastics Pact and in Amsterdam applied the “doughnut economics” model; also using innovations (e.g., the Great Bubble Barrier) to prevent plastic waste in canals.

Ghana

Adopted an evidence-based policy approach to plastic waste, using a “Waste Recovery Platform” (with United Nations Development Programme) to connect stakeholders across the plastic value-chain.

China

Transitioning from coal to alternative energy sources: leading in hydroelectricity and wind, prioritising energy-storage technologies, and large waste-to-energy plants (e.g., a 165 MW plant in Shenzhen).

New Zealand

Embodies the Māori concept of “kaitiakitanga” (guardianship of the environment), protects over 30% of land, fines littering severely, and invested NZ$ 124 million in the domestic recycling sector as part of its COVID-19 recovery.

Japan

Has world-leading EV (electric vehicle) technology and rapidly expanded its public fast-charging infrastructure (from 213 to nearly 8,000 charging points between 2010-2019); also updates its circular economy plan about every five years.

Costa Rica

Since 2014 draws about 99% of its energy from renewable sources; in 2019 outlined a path to net-zero emissions by 2050 and passed laws to improve plastic waste management including collaboration between importers and municipalities and better access to recycling education.

Sweden

Aims to become a “zero-waste society”: converts 52% of domestic waste into energy, recycles 47%, sends just about 1% to landfill; established a special advisory group in 2018 to integrate the circular economy into government policy.

Rita Guterre, Inês Moreira

Idioms (Environment Related)

1- a breth of fresh air

2- have a green thumb

3-on thin ice

4- chasing rainbows

5- a drop in the ocean

6- like a fresh as a daisy

7-the tip of the iceberg

8-in deep water

Reading and scanning a text

1)Netherlands

2) Economic model advocating access to a good quality of life for all, without putting more pressure on the planet than is sustainable.

(was the first city to apply doughnut economics).

sustainable infrastructure projects and employment schemes.

new technological innovations.

1)Ghana

2) First African nation to join the Global Plastic Action Partnership in 2019

helps connect stakeholders across the plastic value chain to share learnings and data, to help end plastic waste together.

1)China

2) Leading in hydroelectricity, wind, and is prioritising the development of energy storage technologies to get the most out of its expanding renewables infrastructure.

The 165MW Shenzhen East waste-to-energy plant is set to be the largest of its kind; it will be capable of processing a third of the solid waste generated in Shenzhen.

1) New zealand

2) Over 30 per cent of land is protected and litterers can be fined up to NZ$30,000.

the government invested NZ$124m in the domestic recycling sector, to ensure proper management of the country’s recyclable waste, and moving it toward a circular future.

1)Japan

2) Government renews its plan for a circular economy; the most recent plan, published in 2018, prioritised areas such as improving disaster waste management and boosting regional circularity.

1) Costa rica

2)Has drawn 99% of its energy from renewable sources since 2014, making use of its natural assets, and in 2019 its government outlined a path towards net-zero emissions by 2050

laws to encourage better management of plastic waste among both public and private sectors.

1) Sweden

2) Waste is widely used as a cheap fuel; its heat is distributed via a national network to keep homes warm through winter

In 2018, the Swedish government established a special advisory group to integrate the circular economy as a core part of government policy, aiming to increase the proportion of products which can be completely repurposed.

1. a breath of fresh air

2. To have a green thumb

3. on thin ice

4. To chase rainbows

5. a drop in the ocean

6. as fresh as a daisy

7. the tip of the iceberg

8. in deep water

Inês Moreira, Rita Guterre

Ghana: This country has a lot of sustainable inovations, like waste recovery platform, developed with the United Nations Developed Programme

China: This country is racing to reach carbon neutrality by 2060. It is the largest producer of renewable energy

New Zeland: This country is trying to ensure proper management of the countrys ´s recyclable waste, and moving to a circular future

Japan: This is one of the countrys that has the most public fast charging points(8 thousand)

Costa Rica: This country is encouraging importers to work with local municipilaties to improve waste colection and management

Sweden: This country is aiming to become a zero waste society.The swedish governement has a special advisory group to integrate the circular economy as a core part of governemet policy

11 densidade populacional

3 deslizamento de terra

6 escassez de água

4 inundação

8 items basicos

2 monções fatais

1 padrões climáticos

9 pesca intensiva

10 risco iminente

5 seca

12 sobre população

EXERCÍCIO 2

1 The Netherlands

first to apply doughnut economics on their capital city Amsterdam and initiated the European Plastic Pact.

2 Ghana

agriculture based economy allows them to have a plastic waste of just five per cent

3 China

Lowering carbon emissions and waste to energy conversion, prioritising the development of energy storage technologies

4 New Zealand

Investment in the domestic recycling sector

5 Japan

Eletric Vehicles leading the transportation industry

6 Costa Rica

Mostly renewable energy sources and laws regulating plastic waste

7 Sweden

Efficient environmental friendly waste management and zero waste goals

EXERCÍCIO 4

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Leonor Sousa nº12

Sara Pinto nº20

Sofia Moura nº21

Verónica Yareshko nº24

Countries mentioned

• Tuvalu

• New Zealand

• Japan

• Haiti

• The Dominican Republic

• The Philippines

Reasons why they are at risk

• Tuvalu: rising sea levels caused by global warming.

• New Zealand: receives climate refugees from Tuvalu because it is nearby and safer.

• Japan: affected by heavy rain, floods, heatwaves, and typhoons.

• Haiti: exposed to earthquakes, hurricanes, and landslides, worsened by deforestation and poverty.

• The Dominican Republic: shares the same island as Haiti and faces similar natural disasters.

• The Philippines: frequently hit by strong typhoons and rising sea temperatures.

Negative consequences

• Tuvalu: loss of land and homes; people forced to move to other countries.

• New Zealand: increase in climate migrants from Tuvalu.

• Japan: damage to crops (especially rice), risk of food shortages, and health problems.

• Haiti: destruction of homes, deaths, and slow recovery after disasters.

• The Dominican Republic: similar destruction from hurricanes and storms.

• The Philippines: thousands of deaths and severe damage caused by frequent typhoons.

Inês Moreira , Rita Guterre

Ghana: shows that Ghana faces environmental challenges, such as the accumulation of plastic waste and the effects of climate change. Since 2019, the country has participated in the Global Plastic Action Partnership and adopted evidence-based strategies to better manage plastics. With support from the UN, it created the Waste Recovery Platform, which connects different sectors to reduce waste.

China: The text shows that China, the world's largest carbon emitter, seeks to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. The country leads in the production of renewable energy, invests in storage technologies and has the largest energy-from-waste industry, with emphasis on the Shenzhen East plant, capable of processing a third of the city's waste.

New Zealand: New Zealand follows the Maori principle of kaitiakitanga, which means caring for the environment. More than 30% of the country is protected, and the government has invested NZ$124 million in recycling to reduce waste, value waste and create jobs.

Japan: The text highlights that Japan is a leader in electric vehicle technology, with companies such as Nissan, Toyota and Mitsubishi. The country expanded its network of fast chargers from 213 to almost 8,000 between 2010 and 2019. Furthermore, the government renews its circular economy plan every five years, and the most recent, from 2018, focuses on better waste management and strengthening regional circularity.

Costa Rica: Costa Rica is recognized for its sustainable practices. Since 2014, the country has generated 99% of its energy from renewable sources and has the goal of zero emissions by 2050. In addition, it created laws to improve plastic waste management, encouraging cooperation between the government, companies and communities in collection and recycling.

Sweden: Costa Rica is recognized for its sustainable practices. Since 2014, the country has generated 99% of its energy from renewable sources and has the goal of zero emissions by 2050. In addition, it created laws to improve plastic waste management, encouraging cooperation between the government, companies and communities in collection and recycling.

Sara Pinto

Leonor Sousa

Sofia Moura

Verónica Yareshko

2-green thumb

3- on thin ice

4-chasing rainbows

5-a drop in the ocean

6- as fresh as a daisy

7-the tip of the iceberg

8-in deep water

Exercício 4

1- a breath of fresh air

2- have a green thumb

3- on thin ice

4- chasing rainbows

5- a drop in the ocean

6- as fresh as a daisy

7- the tip of iceberg

8- deep water

Leonor Sousa nº12

Sara Pinto nº20

Sofia Moura nº21

Verónica Yareshko nº24

disappearing due to rising sea levels

Japan- heavy rains, floods and heatwaves caused by climate change affecting food supplies and agriculture

Haiti- vulnerable to natural disasters and climate change effects, affected by deadly hurricanes and earthquakes that cause destruction and loss of life

Philippines- because of its location its vulnerable to tropical hurricanes and typhoons causing loss of property and human lives

Reading-comprehension

1) Tuvalu:

• Tuvalu in an island that is 4 and a half meters above sea level which mean that it is highly affected by the changes in the sea level, that have been rising half a centimeter each year since 1993.

  
  

• This affects the island by reducing it's size, making it basically impossible to grow crops. Also because of it's problems the island has lost 11,000 habitants to nearby countries like New zealand, and is destined to lose more since it is slowly vanishing.

2) Japan:

• Because of natural disasters japan has been affected by heavy rains, floods, heatwaves and typhoons. However tha natural disasters specifically heatwaves and the rise of greenhouse gases have affected the quality of rice crops, which is an important food in the japanese diet, by making it weaker and less nutritious.

• The will affect the population since the change in the rice's staple will mean a change in the japanese diet in the coming years.

3) Haiti:

• Haiti has been hit by hurricanes, tropical storms, droughts, heartquakes and landslides. Also the Climate change is causing heavier rains and crop destruction with 60% of the crops destroyed.

  
  

• The extreme natural dissters cause the Loss of crops, food shortages,

  deaths and the destruction of governement buildings and sevices causing a slow recovery because of poverty and lack of resources.

  
  

4) Philippines:

• The Philippines is a country that suffers from many environmental dangers, especially typhoons, that are becoming more and more common with climate change.

• As a result of the typhoons the country has experienced many deaths (for example, a typhoon in 2013 that caused over 6,300 deaths), the destruction of homes, buildings, crops and an increase in the difficulty to recover after disasters.

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