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      <title>Legal &amp; Ethical Guide by Lacheryl Johnson</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t</link>
      <description></description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2022-03-05 04:53:19 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2022-03-05 06:47:47 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
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      <item>
         <title> Slide #1 Professional Perspective</title>
         <author>ljohnson791</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078908521</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>As an Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) Program Manager it is important that I identify with students from a cultural perspective in higher education. I work for a non-profit organization called INROADS and their mission for the past 52 years has been removing systemic barriers to economic mobility for people of color. I provide an innovative curriculum of college and career readiness creating pathways for STEM, entrepreneurial and business professions for students from underrepresented groups in executive leadership. My audience is first generation, Black and Brown college students from across the country who are changing the narrative in their community and environment starting with higher education to work towards their academic goals and career goals. I chose the topic Race and College Admissions because there continues to be barriers to educations for minorities in Ivy League Schools across the country. In 2018, then President Donald Trump, reversed President Obama’s policy encouraging colleges/university to consider race as factor in college admissions (Marcus, 2018).&nbsp;<br>https://hechingerreport.org/facts-about-race-and-college-admission/</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://hechingerreport.org/facts-about-race-and-college-admission/" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-05 04:54:52 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078908521</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Padlet Slide #2 Interview: </title>
         <author>ljohnson791</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078913311</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>I interviewed a co-worker who has been employed with INROADS for the past 10 years as a Senior University Relations Manager. Brenda Williams recruits’ students of color for INROADS professional leadership and development program from colleges and universities in the western region of the United States. She offers assists Talent Managers and Program Managers to assist them with sourcing students for paid summer internship opportunities. She is a graduate of North Texas State University with a degree in accounting. She worked for an accounting firm immediately upon graduating and realized her passion was in higher education as a recruiter for an organization in which she was alum while attending college. It was a way for her to give back to her community by working for an organization that provided the skills she needed as a young, Black, female college student in obtaining a leadership position at one of the largest accounting firms in Dallas. She travels extensively in her role to campus career fairs, partners with career centers and meets with clubs/organizations to share her story and recruit minority students to join the INROADS Internship program. INROADS also has a College Links Program, that prepares high school students for entrance to college with leadership academies, tutors and ACT/SAT preparation classes and also guides them through admission processes and college interviews. Brenda is passionate about helping first generation college students of color obtain admission to Ivy league colleges and works with them to make sure they achieve academic success. Her passion is due to barriers first generation college students as it relates to entry and the unique barriers these students face.&nbsp; She has created webinars to address first generation students creating a sense of belonging on campus. Researchers have reported colleges/universities are using innovative approaches to foster a sese of belonging for first generation college students that does not focus on graduation or retention rates (Soria, 2012).<br>Soria, K. and Stebleton, M. (2012). Breaking down barriers. academic obstacles of first generation students at research universities Retrieved at https://files.eric.ed.gov.<br><br></div><div>There is an inequity in higher education at Ivy League college and universities across the country. Many schools have created ways to make college entrance more accessible to Back and Hispanic students from low-income and underserved students (Camera, 2022).&nbsp; These colleges and universities want to create a more diverse and inclusive campus due to the recent rise in social injustices and realizing that education is tied to economic equity and recent studies show disparities in economic mobility for Blacks and Hispanics.&nbsp;<br><br></div><div>·&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Students of color remain under-represented on college campuses</div><div>·&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Diversity on college campuses enhances the educational opportunities of all backgrounds, when considering race for admission practices, such as affirmative action</div><div>·&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;The goal is to remedy economic inequities by encouraging colleges to look closely at non-traditional factors that may define academic success factors often overlooked in traditional admission requirements (Maxwell, 2019).<br><br></div><div>Racial inequality in the United States stems from the long history of exclusion and discrimination. Unequal opportunities shape educational opportunities of Black and Hispanic students (Strauss, 2022). Minorities who lack educational opportunities face economic inequity throughout their lives. White Americans far greater economically with a college education than Blacks. &nbsp;<br><br></div><div>Brenda Williams, Senior University Relations Manager, INROADS<br><br></div><div>Brenda gets her research from National Association of College and Employers as they report on inequities in education. There are no legal or compliance issues she monitors related to recruitment for INROADS, but in recruiting minority students, the organization cannot exclude all students who are interested in the INROADS program. Although Brenda’s department does not work with students who are trying to obtain admission to college, she is aware of the need for affirmative action in college admissions and how it will affect the one she recruits students at Ivy League institutions. Equity in education is an area she researches as it affects inequity in a student’s career. Brenda relies on NACE to provide data on college admissions and statistics on paid and unpaid internship disparities among students of color and how to resolve those disparities.&nbsp;<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1002281.pdf" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-05 05:06:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078913311</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Padlet Slide #3 Professional Association (National Association of Colleges and Employers)</title>
         <author>ljohnson791</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078917007</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>NACE research found that career and paid internship opportunities and disproportionate and marginalized groups and underrepresented in paid internships. Large portions of unpaid internships goes to white students, male students and non-first generation college students. Inequity in education is the start of these disparities <br>(www.naceweb.org)</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-05 05:15:37 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078917007</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Padlet Slide #4 </title>
         <author>ljohnson791</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078922055</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>This article is about a case brought to the United States Supreme Court regarding affirmative action as it relates to admission at Harvard and University of North Carolina and upholding race conscious admissions. The students in this case want the courts to rule that colleges cannot use race as a factor in college admissions (Walsh, 2022).&nbsp;<br><br></div><div>·&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;This relates to my topic as it proves to eliminate admissions based on race</div><div>·&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;It will eliminate the diversity of college campuses an require college admissions to change their admissions to a more “holistic” application process.&nbsp;<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-05 05:28:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078922055</guid>
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         <title>Slide #5 Current News Articles </title>
         <author>ljohnson791</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078925011</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>This article explains why affirmative action provides more equitable opportunities for a top-notch college education. Using race as a factor in admissions has made its ways to the Supreme Court to uphold decisions against affirmative action.&nbsp;<br>https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2022/01/30/needed-affirmative-action-in-college-admissions/<br><br><br><br>This article talks about a recent report by the Education Trust on Black and Latinx enrollment at 101 public colleges found only 9 percent of Black students are enrolled. The percentage of Black students have fallen since 200 and recommendations to increase access is being discussed with high school guidance counselors. The recommendations include adjusting recruitment strategies, improving campus diversity and reducing the role of standardized testing in admissions in minority schools.&nbsp;<br>https://www.insidehighered.com/admissions/article/2020/10/26/will-conversation-turn-action-when-it-comes-issues-racial-equity<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2022/01/30/needed-affirmative-action-in-college-admissions/" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-05 05:35:38 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078925011</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Padlet Slide #6 Original Sources of Law</title>
         <author>ljohnson791</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078929635</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Grutter v. Bollinger<br><br></div><div>Race sensitive admissions program because the considerate of race was one factor in the decision making process and individualized consideration was given to each applicant.<br>539 U.S. 306 (2003)</div><div>123 S. Ct. 2325</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-05 05:47:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078929635</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Padlet Slide #7 Original Sources of Law</title>
         <author>ljohnson791</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078930901</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Fisher V. University of Texas At Austin<br><br></div><div>Holding that employment cases “have little purchase in his challenge to university admissions.&nbsp;<br><br></div><div>Concludes that UT’s reliance on Texas demographics reflects attention to the community it serves.&nbsp;<br><br></div><div>631 F.3d 213 (5th Cir. 2011)<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-05 05:51:01 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078930901</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Padlet Slide #8 Original Sources of Law</title>
         <author>ljohnson791</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078933308</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Hopwood v. Texas<br><br></div><div>Holding that “the use of ethnic diversity simply to achieve racial heterogeneity, even as part of the considerations of a number of factors, is unconstitutional.&nbsp;<br>78 F.3d 932 (5th Cir. 1996)<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-05 05:57:34 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078933308</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Padlet Slide #9 Original Sources of Law</title>
         <author>ljohnson791</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078934599</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Lesage v. State of Texas<br><br></div><div>Reversing summary judgement because of testimonial conflict over when race factored into admissions process.&nbsp;<br><br></div><div>158 F.3d 213 (5th Cir. 1998)<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-05 06:00:45 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078934599</guid>
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         <title>Padlet Slide #10 Local Administrative Law/Policy/Rule</title>
         <author>ljohnson791</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078937314</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Dallas Independent School District mission is to eliminate systemic disparities and ensure equity for all students which is based on Senate Bill 3. This bill provides a guide for all schools to provide the same education platforms&nbsp; throughout the district&nbsp; so all students get the same resources on all campuses and history is taught that identify with the demographics in each school district.&nbsp;<br>https://www.dallasisd.org/SB3</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.dallasisd.org/SB3" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-05 06:09:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078937314</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Padlet Slide #11 Ethical Principle</title>
         <author>ljohnson791</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078940349</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The complexities and pressures of the college application process can result in students and parents skirting the edges of ethical behavior in order to gain an edge in admission. Some may not understand the formal or informal agreements they've entered into; others may be well aware that they are trying to "game the system.”<br><br></div><div>https://professionals.collegeboard.org/guidance/applications/ethics<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-05 06:17:49 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078940349</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Padlet Slide #12 Personal Connection to the Legal and Ethical Standarords</title>
         <author>ljohnson791</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078943604</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>My personal connection to this legal and ethical issue allows me to understand the application of the law because as a Black woman, I realize the inequities in education have long lasting effects. History repeats itself as it relates to barriers in education for students who are discriminated against because of their race and social class. Laws were enacted to ensure equality. Historically Black Colleges and Universities were created because Blacks were not allowed in White colleges. Affirmative action was implemented as a law because Blacks were still being discriminated against when it came to admitting students of color. Research proves that there is economic equity among Blacks and Whites in America that is a direct results of their educational experiences and lack of resources in admission to Ivy League Colleges. This is unacceptable and it affects me because I work with colleges who are understaffed and lack resources that other colleges have. HBCUs do not get the financial resources that White universities received. High school students are not prepared to enter Ivy League college unless admission requirements are changed and students are allowed to enter based on affirmative actions or inclusive admissions that students of color can relate too.&nbsp;<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-05 06:26:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078943604</guid>
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         <title>Padlet Slide #13 Bulleted list of Recommendations / Best Practices for Compliance</title>
         <author>ljohnson791</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078948790</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>·&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Its not enough to have conversations, Colleges and universities needs to push towards action and past just talks about inclusion on campus</div><div>·&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Consider race to diversify college campuses.</div><div>·&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Go beyond statements of equity and get rid of legacy admissions</div><div>·&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Get rid of standardized testing scores in the selective admissions process that has been ruled as biased.&nbsp;</div><div>·&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Examine methods to integrate diversity and inclusion into programs and institutions</div><div>·&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Clarify practical practices of racism in higher education&nbsp;</div><div>·&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Explore individual and institutional interventions to address racism in college admission practices<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-05 06:40:55 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/ljohnson791/4x502bo0l2btkh5t/wish/2078948790</guid>
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