ChisamRebeccaENGL300ATimeline by Rebecca Chisam

Beginning of American History

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Native Americans, 2200 B.C to 1607

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Deep respect for nature and animals.

Cyclical worldview.
Figurative language/parallelism.

Native Americans: Authors and Works

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Oral literature: epic narratives, creation myths, stories, poems, songs.

Use stories to teach moral lessons and convey practical information about the natural world.

Native Americans: Fact 1

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"The Sequoia tree is named in honor of the Cherokee leader Sequoyah, who helped his people develop an alphabet."

https://www.factretriever.com/native-american-facts

Native Americans: Fact 2

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Native Americans would use porcupine hairs to make hairbrushes.

https://www.factretriever.com/native-american-facts

2200 B.C.—Tower of Babel

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1607—Early settlement at Jamestown

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Puritanism and Early Settlement of First "American" colonies 1600-1800

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1. Wrote mostly diaries and histories, which expressed the connections between God and their everyday lives.
2. South to "purify" the Church of England by reforming to the simpler forms of worship and church organization described in the New Testament.
3. Saw religion as a personal, inner experience.
4. Believed in original sin and "elect" who would be saved.
5. Used a plain style of writing.

1507: Early Settlement of the first American colonies - Jamestown

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1692: Salem Witch Trials

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1741: Jonathan Edwards "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

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Famous Authors and Works Puritans

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William Bradford
-"Of Plymouth Plantation"

Anne Bradstreet (poetry)

John Edwards
-"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

Edward Taylor
-"Huswifery"

Puritans facts

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"There was among the Puritans a general adherence to Reformed Calvinism."

https://www.samstorms.org/enjoying-god-blog/post/10-things-you-should-know-about-the-puritans

Puritans fact

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"The Puritans moved to America in order to practice their religion free from persecution."

https://www.ducksters.com/history/colonial_america/puritans.php

Rationalism

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"The Age of Reason"

"The Enlightenment"

1. Mostly comprised of philosophers, scientists, writing speeches and pamphlets

2. Human beings can arrive at truth (God's rules) by using deductive reasoning, rather than relying on the authority of the past, on religious faith, or intuition

1607 Early Settlement—Jamestown

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1775-1783 Revolutionary War

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Famous authors and works revolution

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Benjamin Franklin
—Autobiography

Patrick Henry
—"Speech to the Virginia Convention"

Thomas Paine
—"The Crisis"

Phyllis Wheatley
—poetry

The Constitution

The Bill of Rights

The Declaration of Independence

Revolution fact

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"The American Revolution was the United States' longest military conflict before the Vietnam War.

https://www.britannica.com/facts/American-Revolution

Revolution fact

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Roughly 5,000 members of the Continental Army, 5 percent of the total number, were black.

https://www.britannica.com/facts/American-Revolution

Revolution facts

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Charles Cornwallis did not himself surrender at Yorktown; rather, claiming illness, he sent his deputy, Charles O'Hara.

https://www.britannica.com/facts/American-Revolution

Revolution facts

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On July 3, 1775, Washington assumed command of the American forces at Cambridge.

https://www.britannica.com/event/American-Revolution/Washington-takes-command#ref330049

Transcendentalism

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"The American Renaissance"
1. Everything in the world, including human beings, is a reflection of the Divine Soul.

2. People can use their intuition to behold God's spirit revealed in nature or in their own souls.

3. Self-reliance and individualism must outweigh external authority and link conformity to tradition.

4. Important social and political movements include the Abolitionist, Utopian, and Women's Suffrage Movements

1840-1860 Transcendentalism

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Transcendentalism

Famous Authors and Works Transcendentalism

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Ralph Waldo Emerson
—Nature
—"Self-Reliance"

Henry David Thoreau
—Walden
—Life in the Woods

Louisa May Alcott
—Little Women

Transcendentalism fact

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The philosophy of transcendentalism arose in the 1830s in the eastern United States as a reaction to intellectualism. Its adherents yearned for intense spiritual experiences and sought to transcend the purely material world of reason and rationality.
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/the-early-republic/culture-and-reform/a/transcendentalism#:~:text=The%20philosophy%20of%20transcendentalism%20arose%20in%20the%201830s%20in%20the,world%20of%20reason%20and%20rationality.

Transcendentalism fact

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Some influential transcendentalists, such as Margaret Fuller, were early pioneers of feminism.

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/the-early-republic/culture-and-reform/a/transcendentalism#:~:text=The%20philosophy%20of%20transcendentalism%20arose%20in%20the%201830s%20in%20the,world%20of%20reason%20and%20rationality.

Taking a stand, the 2023 Writers and Actors Strike

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The WGA and AMPTP had been negotiating over pay, streaming residuals and other issues.

https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2023-05-01/writers-strike-what-to-know-wga-guild-hollywood-productions

Writers and Actors strike

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After a nearly five-month walkout, a tentative deal has been reached by the Writers Guild of America and the major Hollywood studios that would end a strike.

https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2023-05-01/writers-strike-what-to-know-wga-guild-hollywood-productions

Romanticism

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1. Valued feeling, intuition, idealism, and inductive reasoning.

2. Placed faith in inner experience and the power of the imagination.

3. Shunned the artificiality of civilization and sought unspoiled nature as a path to spirituality.

4. Championed individual freedom and the worth of the individual

5. Saw poetry as the highest expression of the imagination

6. Dark Romantics: used dark and supernatural themes/settings (Gothic style)

1800-1860

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The War of 1812
1812-1815

California Gold Rush
1848-58

Famous Authors and Works Romanticism

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Washington Irving
—"Rip van Winkle"

Emily Dickinson
—poetry

Walt Whitman
—Leaves of Grass

Edgar Allan Poe
—"The Raven"

Nathaniel Hawthorne
—The Scarlet Letter

Romanticism facts

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Romanticism emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental.

https://www.britannica.com/art/Romanticism#:~:text=It%20was%20also%20to%20some,the%20visionary%2C%20and%20the%20transcendental.

Romanticism fact

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Romanticism proper was preceded by several related developments from the mid-18th century on that can be termed Pre-Romanticism.

https://www.britannica.com/art/Romanticism

Nathaniel Hawthorne facts

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In addition to meeting future president Franklin Pierce while attending Maine’s Bowdoin College, Hawthorne was a fellow member of the class of 1825 with Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.

https://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-nathaniel-hawthorne

Nathaniel Hawthorne facts

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When The Scarlet Letter was published in the spring of 1850, the initial print run of 2,500 copies sold out in only 10 days. However, given the publicity that had surrounded Hawthorne’s firing the year before, readers were initially less interested in the tale of Hester Prynne than they were in the novel’s introduction, “The Custom-House,” in which Hawthorne’s barbed pen skewered his political enemies.

https://www.history.com/news/10-things-you-may-not-know-about-nathaniel-hawthorne

McCarthyism facts

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Along with government workers, artists and actors were often accused of communist sympathies.

https://www.britannica.com/facts/McCarthyism

McCarthyism Facts

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Charlie Chaplin, Lucille Ball, Arthur Miller, Lena Horne, and many others in Hollywood were targeted by McCarthyism.

https://softschools.com/facts/us_history/mccarthyism_facts/2412/

E.E. Cummings facts

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He attended the Agassiz School, a public school run by Maria Baldwin, the African American principal and early civil rights leader. The school now bears her name.

E.E. Cummings spent 3-1/2 months in a French military prison.

Though he wrote avant-garde poetry and lived a Bohemian lifestyle in Greenwich Village, he registered as a Republican and supported the anti-Communist U.S.

senator from Wisconsin, Joseph McCarthy.

https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/seven-fun-facts-about-e-e-cummings/

Emily Dickinson facts

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The Dickinson family were devout Calvinists.

She was incredibly reclusive.

Her work was initially criticized for its unique take on grammar.

https://www.emilydickinson.net/emily-dickinson-facts.jsp

Louisa May Alcott facts

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She secretly wrote pulp fiction.

She suffered from mercury poisoning.

Alcott never had children, but she cared for her niece.

https://www.howlifeunfolds.com/learning-education/10-little-facts-about-louisa-may-alcott

Realism

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1850-1900

Civil War
1861-1865

Reconstruction Era
1865-1877

Period Characteristics

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1. Feelings of disillusionment.
2. Common subjects: slums of rapidly growing cities, factories replacing farmlands, poor factory workers, corrupt politicians.
3. Represented the manner and environment of everyday life and ordinary people as realistically as possible (Regionalism).
4. Sought to explain behavior (psychologically/socially).

Famous Authors and Works

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Mark Twain

-Huckleberry Finn

Jack London

-Call of the Wild

-"To Build a Fire"

Stephen Crane

-"The Open Boat"

Ambrose Bierce

-"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge"

Kate Chopin

-"Story of an Hour"

-The Awakening

Realism fact

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It emerged as a reaction against the idealized Romanticism and the academic styles of the time, emphasizing the depiction of everyday life and ordinary people.

Realism fact

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Realist paintings often featured detailed and often gritty portrayals of contemporary life, capturing the unembellished reality of their subjects.

Mark Twain facts

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He adopted the pen name "Mark Twain" from his steamboat pilot days, which referred to a measured river depth of two fathoms.

Twain was friends with inventors like Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla, and even consulted with Tesla on a health issue.

Twain was a notoriously bad investor, losing significant amounts of money in various ventures.

https://marktwainriverboat.com/9-interesting-facts-about-mark-twain-fun-and-fascinating-trivia/

Alice Walker facts

eslsideflip — 2025-04-24 19:47:52 UTC

She's known for her powerful writing, particularly the novel "The Color Purple," which won her the Pulitzer Prize.

Walker and her husband, Melvyn Leventhal, were the first legally married interracial couple in Mississippi.

She taught African American Women's Studies at various universities, including Wellesley, Brandeis, and Yale.

https://earlybirdbooks.com/fascinating-facts-about-alice-walker

Modernism

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World War I
1914-1918

The Great Depression
1929-1939

World War II
1939-1945

Period Characteristics

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1. Sense of disillusionment and loss of faith in the "American Dream": the independent, self-reliant, individual will triumph.
2. Emphasis on bold experimentation in style and form over the traditional.
3. Interest in the inner workings of the human mind (ex. Stream of consciousness).

Famous Authors and Works

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Lorraine Hansberry
-A Raisin in the Sun

F. Scott Fitzgerald
-The Great Gatsby

William Faulkner
-"A Rose for Emily"

Eudora Welty
-"A Worn Path"

Robert Frost
-poetry

T. S. Eliot
-The Waste Land
-"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

John Steinbeck
-Of Mice and Men
-The Grapes of Wrath

Modernism fact

eslsideflip — 2025-04-24 19:52:55 UTC

Modernism made its screen debut in the 1924 French film "L'Inhumaine," featuring innovative designs by architects and designers.

https://www.britannica.com/art/Modernism-art#:~:text=World%20War%20I.-,What%20did%20Modernism%20do?,used%20untried%20approaches%20to%20tonality.

Modernism facts

eslsideflip — 2025-04-24 19:53:10 UTC

Modernist composers used unconventional tonality and explored new musical forms.

Modernism was often associated with ideal visions of human life and society, and a belief in progress.

https://www.britannica.com/art/Modernism-art#:~:text=World%20War%20I.-,What%20did%20Modernism%20do?,used%20untried%20approaches%20to%20tonality

American Dream in 20s fact

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The American Dream in the 1920s was characterized by a booming economy and increased wealth, but also by social and economic disparities.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Roaring-Twenties#:~:text=More%20generally%2C%20not%20all%20Americans,to%20benefit%20from%20the%20boom.

American Dream fact

eslsideflip — 2025-04-24 19:57:41 UTC

Electricity became more widespread, with 35% of households having it in 1920, increasing to 68% by 1929. Radios became popular, with 12 million households owning them by the end of the decade.

https://ciceroinstitute.org/news-media/the-evolution-of-the-american-dream/

American Dream in 30s and 40s facts

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Instead, in the 1930s, it meant freedom, mutual respect and equality of opportunity. It had more to do with morality than material success.

But that wasn’t what the American Dream entailed when the writer James Truslow Adams popularized it in 1931, in his book “The Epic of America.”

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/04/upshot/the-transformation-of-the-american-dream.html#:~:text=But%20that%20wasn't%20what,others%20for%20what%20they%20are.%E2%80%9D&text=His%20achievement%20was%20an%20innovation,to%20business%20success%20or%20homeownership.

The American Dream in the 50s facts

eslsideflip — 2025-05-30 17:29:27 UTC

The American Dream of the 1950s was about materialism, the roles of men and women, having a happy family, and being sophisticated.

Photographs of happy American families constantly appear in magazines and newspapers to advertise. After the soldiers arrived home from World War II, they were eager to start a family, so the "Baby Boom" era began.

https://express.adobe.com/page/l5MV4/

Harlem Renaissance

eslsideflip — 2025-05-30 17:30:21 UTC

"The Jazz Age"
"The Roaring 20s"

1920–1940

Period Characteristics

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1.Black cultural movement in Harlem, New York
2.Some poetry rhythms based on spirituals and jazz, lyrics on the blues, and diction from the street talk of the ghettos
3. Other poetry used conventional lyrical forms

"The New Negro Movement" 1919-1925

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Prohibition 1920-1933

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Famous Authors and Works

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James Weldon Johnson

Claude McKay

Countee Cullen

Langston Hughes (poetry)

Zora Neale Hurston

Harlem Renaissance facts

eslsideflip — 2025-05-30 17:33:00 UTC

The Harlem Renaissance (c. 1918–37) was the most influential movement in African American literary history. The movement also included musical, theatrical, and visual arts.

The Harlem Renaissance was unusual among literary and artistic movements for its close relationship to civil rights and reform organizations.

https://www.britannica.com/summary/Harlem-Renaissance-Key-Facts#:~:text=The%20Harlem%20Renaissance%20(c.,civil%20rights%20and%20reform%20organizations.

American Dream in the 60s and 70s facts

eslsideflip — 2025-05-30 17:34:07 UTC

The idea of the American Dream began to shift, with more people questioning the emphasis on wealth and material possessions. There was a growing awareness of social inequality and the need for a more equitable society.
The 1970s brought new challenges, including rising inflation, the energy crisis, and a decline in manufacturing jobs. The Vietnam War and political scandals, like Watergate, further eroded public trust.
https://patrioticmillionaires.org/perspectives/what-happened-to-the-american-dream/

American Dream in the 80s facts

eslsideflip — 2025-06-10 15:20:05 UTC

In the 80s, technology played an increasingly large role in the American Dream. The release of the first Macintosh computer in 1984 paved the way for a new era where people wanted the latest tech for their home, and consumer spending took off as baby-boomers hit their highest earning years.

But this culture drove people to spend more than they earned: household debt went from 48% of GDP in 1980 to 59% of GDP in 1990 – an upward trajectory that would continue until the recession of 2008.

https://www.lovemoney.com/gallerylist/84477/what-the-american-dream-looked-like-the-decade-you-were-born#:~:text=In%20the%2080s%2C%20technology%20played,until%20the%20recession%20of%202008.

American Dream in the 90's and early 2000's fact

eslsideflip — 2025-06-10 15:22:50 UTC

In business, Silicon Valley was the place to be. The birth of the World Wide Web and rise in internet investments in the late 90s, known as the “dotcom bubble”, marked the point when tech entrepreneurs became billionaires.

In the 00s, the American Dream was divided along generational fault lines. While baby boomers had reached peaks in their careers, it wasn’t quite the same for young people, as middle-class jobs disappeared during the recession of 2008 and many bounced from one low-paid job to the next.

https://www.lovemoney.com/gallerylist/84477/what-the-american-dream-looked-like-the-decade-you-were-born#:~:text=In%20the%2080s%2C%20technology%20played,until%20the%20recession%20of%202008.

Contemporary "Postmodernism"

eslsideflip — 2025-06-10 15:23:51 UTC

1950–present

Period Special Dates

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Korean War
1950-1953

Vietnam War
1954-1975

Period Characteristics

eslsideflip — 2025-06-10 15:25:00 UTC

1. Influenced by studies of media, language, and information technology.
2. Sense that little is unique; culture endlessly duplicates itself.
3. New literary forms and techniques: works composed of only dialogue, or combining fiction and nonfiction, experimenting with physical appearance of their work.

Famous Authors and Works

eslsideflip — 2025-06-10 15:25:22 UTC

Alice Walker

Wallace Stevens

e.e. cummings

Maya Angelou

Anne Sexton

James Baldwin

Richard Wright

Sandra Cisneros

Amy Tan

21st Century book

eslsideflip — 2025-06-10 15:29:58 UTC

Lycanthropy and Other Chronic Illnesses by Kristen O'Neal is a book about two online friends with chronic illnesses, one girl has lyme disease, and the other is... a werewolf. The book details their growing and difficult friendship through these fantastical challenges.

https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/53451751-lycanthropy-and-other-chronic-illnesses