Matric Number: 244667

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Verse 56 points out that Allah created humans and jinn primarily for ibādah (worship). And guess what? Worship isn’t just about prayer (ṣalāh); it includes everything we do sincerely for Allah, like giving to charity, fasting, and even seeking knowledge!

Verse 57 reminds us that Allah needs nothing from us—no food or provisions. It’s a great reminder that worship is really for our benefit, not His. We rely on Him, while He’s free from any needs!

So, let’s make sure we align our actions and intentions with worship in all parts of our lives. This verse encourages us to be sincere in our worship, knowing that everything we do should be just for Allah. Here’s to a great start!

Surah Al-Dhariyat (51:56) states, "I did not create the jinn and mankind except to worship Me." Worship connects us with Allah and guides our lives.

2. Strengthening Our Connection with Allah

Worship develops taqwā (God-consciousness), helping us remain mindful of our actions and seek Allah’s pleasure (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:2).

3. A Test of Obedience and Devotion

Worship serves as a test of sincerity and faith, exemplified by Prophet Ibrahim (AS) in his willingness to sacrifice his son, demonstrating ultimate submission.

The Hadith:

"Actions are judged by intentions, and everyone will be rewarded according to what they intended. So, whoever migrated for Allah and His Messenger, their migration will be for Allah and His Messenger. But whoever migrated for worldly gain or to marry, their migration will be for that purpose."  

(Sahih Al-Bukhari, Hadith No. 1)

Some of the points that can be highlighted are:

1. Sincerity in Worship

   The value of worship is determined by intention. For example, only charity given for Allah's sake is accepted.

2. Intentions Determine Outcomes

   Small deeds done sincerely can earn great rewards, while larger acts done for show are worthless. Surah Al-Bayyinah (98:5) states that worship should be sincere.

3. Niyyah in Daily Life

   Niyyah applies not only to acts of worship but also to daily activities. Studying for Allah’s sake, for instance, is rewarded as act of worship.

4. Consequences of Wrong Intentions

   Actions motivated by worldly gain are not accepted. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ warned that those who seek fame in knowledge, recognition in charity, or praise in battle will face punishment.  (Sahih Muslim, Hadith No. 1905)

Ibādah includes all acts of devotion, obedience, and submission to Allah, encompassing practices like prayer, fasting, charity, and ethical behavior. It is not limited to rituals but includes every sincere action performed for Allah's sake.

Worship is valid only if performed in the manner prescribed by Allah in the Qur’an and through the teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. As stated in Surah Al-Ahzab (33:36): “It is not for a believing man or woman, when Allah and His Messenger have decided a matter, to have any choice in their decision.”

2. Worship (Ibādah) in Various Forms

a) Ritual Worship (Ibādah Mahdah)

These are specific acts of worship with strict rules:

I) Ṣalāh (Prayer)

Performed five times daily as prescribed in the Qur’an (Surah An-Nisa 4:103).

It must follow the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. (Hadith: “Pray as you have seen me pray.” – Sahih Al-Bukhari).

II) Ṣawm (Fasting during Ramadan)

Referenced in Surah Al-Baqarah (2:183): “Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, so that you may attain taqwā.”

Follow the Sunnah, which includes the pre-dawn meal (suḥūr), breaking the fast with dates, and avoiding excessive speech.

III) Zakāh (Charity) & Ṣadaqah (Voluntary Charity)

As mentioned in Surah At-Tawbah (9:103): “Take from their wealth a charity by which you purify them.”

The Sunnah teaches us to give discreetly and sincerely.

IV) Hajj (Pilgrimage to Makkah)

Must be performed exactly as Prophet Muhammad ﷺ demonstrated during his final pilgrimage.

Surah Al-Baqarah (2:197) states: “Hajj is during well-known months; so whoever has made Hajj obligatory upon himself therein, there is [to be] no sexual relations, no disobedience, and no disputing during Hajj.”

b) General Worship (Ibādah ‘Āmmah) – All daily activities can become acts of worship if done with good intentions:

I) Seeking Knowledge

Hadith: “Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every Muslim.” (Ibn Majah, Hadith No. 224)

II) Working & Earning Halal Income

Hadith: “The best of earnings is what a man earns with his own hands.” (Musnad Ahmad, Hadith No. 8390)

III) Kindness to Parents & Family

Surah Al-Isra (17:23): “And We have enjoined upon man [care] for his parents.

IV) Maintaining Good Character (Akhlaq)

Hadith: “The best among you are those who have the best manners.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari)

Verses 76-77 Highlight the Struggles of the Prophet with Disbelievers

Surah Al-Isra (17:76-77)  

"Indeed, they were about to drive you out of the land (Mecca) to expel you from it, and then they would not remain (there) after you except for a little while. This has been Our way for those We sent before you as messengers, and you will find no change in Our way."

The Quraysh plotted to expel the Prophet ﷺ from Mecca, reflecting a recurring pattern of how nations mistreat their prophets. Allah reminds us that this opposition and subsequent divine justice have always been consistent. This verse warns oppressors that their power is temporary and the truth will ultimately prevail.

(Verse 78-79) The Command for Regular Prayers

Surah Al-Isra (17:78)

"Establish prayer at the decline of the sun until the darkness of the night, and (also) the Qur’an at dawn. Indeed, the recitation of dawn (prayer) is ever witnessed."

This verse commands the establishment of regular prayers (ṣalāh), covering the five daily prayers

Surah Al-Isra (17:79)

"And during a part of the night, pray with it as an additional prayer for you; it is expected that your Lord will resurrect you to a praised station."

This verse Encouragement for Tahajjud (night prayer), which brings spiritual elevation.

Verses 80-81 highlighted Seeking Refuge in Allah & Divine Protection

Surah Al-Isra (17:80)

"Say, 'My Lord, cause me to enter a sound entrance and to exit a sound exit, and grant me from Yourself a supporting authority.'"

This is a du‘ā seeking Allah’s help for guidance and protection when entering or leaving any situation.

Surah Al-Isra (17:81)

"And say, 'Truth has come, and falsehood has perished. Indeed, falsehood is bound to perish.'"

This verse declares the ultimate triumph of truth (ḥaqq) over falsehood (bāṭil).

Verse 82 highlighted The Qur’an as a Healing and Mercy

Surah Al-Isra (17:82)

"And We send down of the Qur'an that which is healing and mercy for the believers, but it does not increase the wrongdoers except in loss."

Verses 83-86 states Human Weakness and Dependency on Allah

Surah Al-Isra (17:83-86)

People tend to be ungrateful when they receive blessings, but when hardships come, they become desperate.

1.Sūrah al-ʿAnkabūt (29: 45) - Ṣalāh

2.Sūrah al-Baqarah (2: 183) - Ṣawm

3.Sūrah al-Tawbah (9: 103) - Zakāh

4.Sūrah al-Baqarah (2: 197) - Ḥajj  

based on Tafsir al-Azhar

“Recite what has been revealed to you of the Book and establish prayer. Indeed, prayer prevents immorality and wrongdoing. And the remembrance of Allah is greater. And Allah knows what you do.” (Surah Al-ʿAnkabūt 29:45)

Ḥikmah of Ṣalāh:

1. Prayer as a Shield Against Sin

This verse emphasizes how prayer helps prevent individuals from engaging in immoral and evil behavior.

According to Tafsir Al-Azhar, Buya Hamka explains that regular and sincere prayer fosters inner discipline, making a person more aware of their actions. When someone prays sincerely, they are likely to feel a sense of shame about committing sins immediately after their prayers.

2. Remembrance of Allah

The verse states, "And the remembrance of Allah is greater". Hamka explains that this phrase emphasizes that the fundamental purpose of prayer is not merely the physical movements, but rather to remember and remain mindful of Allah in every aspect of life.

3. Ṣalāh as a Spiritual Detox

As food nourishes the body, prayer nourishes the soul. Prayer purifies the heart, removing arrogance, hatred, and carelessness from daily life.

Ḥikmah of Ṣawm:

1.Developing Taqwā (God-Consciousness)

The primary goal of fasting is not merely to experience hunger and thirst, but to attain taqwā—a profound awareness of Allah in all aspects of life.

Tafsir Al-Azhar Explanation: Hamka describes fasting as a school of spiritual training, in which a person learns self-control, patience, and discipline.

2.Empathy for the Poor and Needy

Fasting allows individuals to experience hunger and thirst, which fosters compassion and a desire to help those less fortunate. This experience creates a deeper understanding of the struggles faced by those who are forced to fast due to poverty.

3.Application in Daily Life

The true essence of fasting lies not only in abstaining from food but also in refraining from bad habits, such as lying, gossiping, and wasting time. A person who fasts yet fails to control their speech and actions has overlooked the deeper significance of fasting.

Ḥikmah of Zakāh

1.Purification of Wealth (Tazkiyyah)

Zakāh purifies both an individual's wealth and soul.

In Tafsir Al-Azhar, Buya Hamka explains that wealth can lead to arrogance and attachment. Zakāh helps eliminate greed and selfishness, reminding the giver that their wealth is not entirely theirs but rather a trust from Allah.

2.Spiritual Growth and Humility

Giving zakāh softens the heart and reminds a person that they are merely custodians of wealth, not their true owners.

3.Economic Balance and Social Responsibility

Zakāh prevents the accumulation of wealth among the rich and ensures a more balanced economic system. Hamka notes that societies implementing zakāh experience reduced poverty, crime, and economic disparity.

Ḥikmah of Ḥajj

1.Training in Patience and Self-Control

The verse instructs pilgrims to refrain from arguments, sins, and disputes during Hajj. Tafsir Al-Azhar Explanation: Hamka emphasizes that this fosters patience and discipline, as millions of people gather, necessitating tolerance, humility, and self-restraint.

2.Symbol of Equality and Unity

During Hajj, all Muslims wear the same white garments (iḥrām), which eliminates social distinctions between the rich and the poor. Hamka emphasizes that Hajj serves as a reminder of the equality of all humans before Allah, irrespective of their nationality, race, or wealth.

3.A Journey of Spiritual Renewal (Taqwā)

During Hajj, all Muslims wear the same white garments (iḥrām), which eliminates social distinctions between the rich and the poor. Hamka emphasizes that Hajj serves as a reminder of the equality of all humans before Allah, irrespective of their nationality, race, or wealth.

Verses 1-2 highlight The Success of True Believers

"Certainly will the believers have succeeded: They who are humble in their prayer." (Surah Al-Mu’minun 23:1-2)

Success (falaḥ) is assured for those who possess true faith. The foremost characteristic of a true believer is humility (khushūʿ) during prayer—approaching prayer with sincerity, devotion, and a focused heart. Khushūʿ refers to praying with complete concentration, free from distractions, mechanical gestures, or insincere worship.

Verse 3 highlights Avoiding Futile Actions.

"And they who turn away from ill speech." (Surah Al-Mu’minun 23:3)

True believers refrain from engaging in laghw, such as vain talk, gossip, useless arguments, and false speech. This encourages self-discipline in both speech and actions, steering clear of anything that does not yield benefits.

Verse 4 highlights Purification Through Charit.y

"And they who are observant of zakāh (charity)." (Surah Al-Mu’minun 23:4)

Zakāh purifies both wealth and the soul. This emphasizes social responsibility and the importance of caring for those less fortunate. Charity involves not only giving money but also possessing a generous heart and being mindful of the needs of others.

Verses 5-7 highlight Guarding One’s Modes.ty

"And they who guard their chastity. Except with their wives or those their right hands possess, for then they are not to be blamed. But whoever seeks beyond that—then those are the transgressors." (Surah Al-Mu’minun 23:5-7)

Purity in relationships signifies true faith. Islam teaches that desires should be controlled and fulfilled only through lawful means, such as marriage. Those who indulge in immorality are regarded as transgressors (ʿādūn).

Verse 8 highlights Honesty and Trustworthin.ess

"And they who are true to their trusts and their promises." (Surah Al-Mu’minun 23:8)

Believers maintain trust (amānah) and honor their commitments. This principle applies to both religious duties (prayer, fasting, zakāh) and social responsibilities (honesty in business, fairness in leadership, meeting obligations).

Verse 9 highlights Observing Prayer with Devotion

"And they who carefully maintain their prayers." (Surah Al-Mu’minun 23:9)

This verse emphasizes the importance of consistent and mindful prayer (ṣalāh). Believers must safeguard their prayers, ensuring they are performed correctly, punctually, and with sincerity.

Verses 10-11 Highlight The Ultimate Reward: Paradise

"It is they who will be the inheritors. Who will inherit Paradise, wherein they will abide eternally." (Surah Al-Mu’minun 23:10-11)

The result of these virtuous qualities is everlasting success in Paradise. Believers who nurture these traits will be awarded a place in the highest levels of Paradise.

The Meaning of Khushūʿ

Khushūʿ refers to a state of deep humility, focus, and heartfelt presence during worship, particularly in Ṣalāh (prayer). It involves both external stillness—characterized by calm movements—and internal sincerity, which means avoiding distractions during prayer.

A Qur’anic reference for this concept can be found in Surah Al-Mu’minun (23:1-2): "Certainly, the believers have succeeded: Those who are humble (khāshiʿūn) in their prayer."

True khushūʿ makes prayer meaningful and prevents it from becoming a mechanical act.

The Attainment of Khushūʿ Before, During, and After Ṣalāh

Before Ṣalāh:

1. Ṭahārah (Purification)

Perform Wuḍū’ (ablution) or Tayammum (dry ablution) to purify both the body and mind.

2. Sincere Niyyah (Intention)

Begin prayer with a focused and sincere intention for Allah.

3. Minimizing Distractions

Choose a quiet place, face the Qiblah, and wear appropriate by covering the aurah and clean clothing.

4. Understanding the Qur’anic Verses in Prayer

Familiarizing with the verses enhances concentration during prayer.

During Ṣalāh:

1. Avoid Haste

Performing each movement slowly and with intention enhances focus.

2. Reflect on the Meaning of Recitations

Understanding Surah Al-Fātiḥah and other verses deepens your devotion.

3. Focus on the Place of Sujūd (Prostration)

This helps to prevent your mind from wandering.

4. Minimize Movements and Distractions

Unnecessary movements can diminish Khushūʿ (humility in prayer).

After Ṣalāh:

1. Reciting Adhkar (Remembrances): Saying "SubḥānAllāh," "Alḥamdulillāh," and "Allāhu Akbar" helps to maintain a spiritual connection.

2. Making Du‘ā: Asking Allah to accept your prayer and to strengthen your faith.

3. Avoiding Immediate Distraction: Staying in a state of reflection instead of rushing back to worldly matters.

1. Wuḍū’ (Ablution): The act of cleansing specific body parts before prayer.

Surah Al-Mā’idah (5:6): "O you who believe! When you rise to pray, wash your faces, your hands up to the elbows, wipe over your heads, and wash your feet to the ankles."

2. Tayammum (Dry Ablution): This is performed when water is unavailable.

Surah Al-Mā’idah (5:6) also permits Tayammum using clean earth.

Application of Ṣalāh Based on Different Situations

1. Ṣalāh while Traveling (Qaṣr & Jamāʿ)

Qaṣr (Shortened Prayer): When traveling more than 80 km, the four Rakʿah prayers (Dhuhr, Asr, Isha) are shortened to two Rakʿah.

2. Jamāʿ (Combined Prayer): Dhuhr and Asr can be combined. Maghrib and Isha can also be combined.

Surah An-Nisa (4:101): "And when you travel throughout the land, there is no blame upon you for shortening the prayer..."

Ṣalāh During Illness:

Modifications Based on Individual Ability

- If you are unable to stand

You should pray while seated. This ensures you can still engage in spiritual practice while accommodating your physical limitations.

- If you cannot sit

In this case, you may pray while lying down. This adaptation allows you to maintain your connection with your faith, even in a more vulnerable position.

- If you are unable to move

You can still pray by using eye movements or by focusing your intention in your heart. This method emphasizes the importance of intention in prayer, ensuring that your worship remains heartfelt and sincere.

"Pray standing, and if you cannot, then sitting; and if you cannot, then lying on your side." (Sahih Al-Bukhari)

This teaching illustrates the flexibility of prayer, emphasizing that one’s physical condition should not hinder their ability to engage in worship.

The proper execution of prayer is vital for its acceptance, allowing for flexibility in special situations like travel or illness. Prayer is not merely a ritual; it is a transformative practice that deepens the connection between the believer and Allah, instilling discipline and uplifting the soul.

The verses of Sūrah Al-Mu’minūn inspire believers to embody the traits of true faith, emphasizing a commitment to prayer and the pursuit of excellence in worship with unwavering devotion and humility.

Sūrah Luqmān (31:12–19) highlights the profound wisdom of Luqmān, a wise figure mentioned in the Qur'an, and his advice to his son. This passage is rich with moral guidance on how to live a righteous life, emphasizing key virtues that lead to success in both this world and the Hereafter.

The verses emphasize:

31:12 Highlight Gratitude to Allah

"Indeed, We granted Luqmān wisdom, saying: “Be grateful to Allah"

Luqmān begins by acknowledging the blessing of wisdom that Allah granted him. He emphasizes the importance of being grateful to Allah for His countless favors. Gratitude to Allah is a core principle in Islam, as it leads to further blessings and strengthens one’s faith.

31:13 Highlight Commanding Tawḥīd (Monotheism) and Avoiding Shirk

"And [mention] when Luqmān said to his son while advising him: 'O my dear son, do not associate [anything] with Allah. Indeed, associating [others] with Him is a great injustice.'"

Luqmān advises his son to worship Allah alone and not associate any partners with Him. He warns against shirk (idolatry), which is the gravest sin in Islam. This teaching underscores the foundational principle of Islamic monotheism.

31:14 Highlight Honoring Parents

"And We have commanded man to [be dutiful to] his parents. His mother carried him [in hardship] upon hardship, and his weaning was in two years. [We said], ‘Be grateful to Me and to your parents; to Me is the [final] destination.’

But if they strive to make you associate with Me that of which you have no knowledge, do not obey them. Yet, accompany them in this world with kindness, and follow the way of those who turn to Me. Then to Me will be your return, and I will inform you about what you used to do."

Luqmān stresses the importance of honoring and respecting parents, especially the mother, who carries great responsibility in raising children. He mentions the struggle that mothers endure during pregnancy and childbirth, encouraging a deep sense of appreciation and kindness toward them.

31:16 Highlight Responsibility and Accountability

"O my dear son, even if a deed were the weight of a mustard seed and it were [hidden] in a rock or in the heavens or in the earth, Allah will bring it forth. Indeed, Allah is Subtle and All-Aware."

Luqmān reminds his son that everyone will be held accountable for their deeds on the Day of Judgment. This highlights the concept of personal responsibility in Islam, where each individual is answerable for their actions, no matter how small.

31:17 Highlight Moderation and Humility

"O my dear son, establish prayer, enjoin what is right, forbid what is wrong, and be patient over whatever befalls you. Indeed, that is of the matters [requiring] determination."

Luqmān advises his son to be mindful of his conduct, to perform good deeds, and to establish regular prayer. He teaches the value of humility, cautioning against arrogance and pride. Walking with modesty and avoiding boastful behavior are essential qualities of a believer.

31:18-19 Highlight Control of Anger and Humble Behavior

"And do not turn your cheek in arrogance toward people, nor walk in pride on the earth. Indeed, Allah does not like the arrogant and boastful. And be moderate in your pace and lower your voice. Indeed, the most unpleasant of sounds is the braying of donkeys."

Luqmān also advises his son to avoid being arrogant, particularly when walking or speaking. He teaches the importance of controlling one’s temper and being humble while encouraging a balanced, moderate approach to life. Humility in one’s demeanor and actions is a characteristic of wisdom.

Ṣalāh (prayer) performed with Khushūʿ (humility and devotion) is one of the most crucial acts of worship in Islam. It transcends mere ritual; it serves as a transformative experience for the believer, enhancing their character and deepening their connection with Allah.

The following are some virtues associated with Ṣalāh performed with Khushūʿ:

1. Al-Ṭāʿah (Submission/Loyalty)

Ṣalāh represents an act of complete submission to the commands of Allah. During this sacred time, individuals set aside worldly concerns to stand in the presence of their Lord, thus demonstrating obedience and loyalty. The physical movements—standing, bowing, and prostrating—symbolize total surrender to the will of Allah.

As stated in the Qur’an (2:238): “Maintain with care the [obligatory] prayers and [in particular] the middle prayer, and stand before Allah in devotion.”

2. Al-Jihād (Struggle in the Path of Allah)

Regularly performing Ṣalāh, especially with Khushūʿ (focus), represents a significant form of spiritual struggle (Jihād) against laziness, distractions, and worldly desires. Waking up for Fajr, maintaining concentration in prayer, and consistently attending Ṣalāh are all challenges that draw one closer to Allah.

The Prophet ﷺ remarked, “The most difficult prayer for the hypocrites is the Isha and Fajr prayer...” (Bukhārī & Muslim). This highlights that true believers make an effort to perform Ṣalāh despite any difficulties they may face.

3. Muḥāsabah (Self-Reflection & Accountability)

Ṣalāh also offers believers a valuable opportunity to reflect on their actions and seek Allah's forgiveness. It serves as a daily reminder of one's purpose and the accountability owed to Allah.

As mentioned in the Qur'an (29:45): “Indeed, prayer prevents immorality and wrongdoing, and the remembrance of Allah is greater.” Through introspection during Ṣalāh, a believer can assess their behavior and pursue self-improvement.

4. Iffah (Modesty & Self-Restraint from Sinful Behavior)

Genuine prayer, performed with Khushūʿ (attentiveness), cultivates modesty and self-restraint from sinful actions. A sincere practitioner of prayer tends to develop a natural aversion to immoral behavior.

The Prophet ﷺ said, “Whoever prays the two cool prayers (Fajr and ‘Asr) will enter Paradise” (Bukhārī & Muslim), illustrating that regular prayer enhances one's moral character.

Consistent performance of Ṣalāh helps a person guard their chastity, lower their gaze, and exercise control over their desires.

5.Tawaḍḍuʿ (Humility/Humbleness)

Ṣalāh, particularly during sujūd (prostration), serves as the ultimate expression of humility before Allah.

The Prophet ﷺ stated, “The closest a servant comes to his Lord is when he is prostrating” (Muslim).

Engaging in prayer with Khushūʿ fosters an awareness of one's dependence on Allah, promoting humility in everyday interactions. True humility in prayer dispels arrogance and nurtures kindness and compassion towards others.

Through Al-Ṭāʿah (submission and loyalty), a believer reinforces their obedience to Allah, acknowledging His ultimate authority.

Al-Jihād (struggling in the path of Allah) is manifested in the daily effort to maintain devotion in prayer despite the distractions of the world.

Muḥāsabah (self-reflection) during Ṣalāh enables one to assess their actions, seek forgiveness, and aspire for self-improvement.

Iffah (modesty and self-restraint) serves as a shield against sinful behavior, as prayer cultivates a heightened awareness of Allah in all facets of life.

Additionally, Tawaḍḍuʿ (humility and humbleness) is deeply rooted in Ṣalāh, as standing before Allah serves as a reminder of one’s dependence on Him and encourages compassion towards others.

By embodying these virtues, a believer deepens their connection with Allah and nurtures a noble character, fostering righteousness in both personal and communal aspects. The wisdom of Luqmān teaches us that true success is found in living a life enriched by faith, humility, and gratitude, with Ṣalāh serving as the foundation for spiritual growth.

Sūrah al-Baqarah (2:183–187) primarily discusses the obligation of Ṣawm (fasting) in Ramadan, its purpose, and related rulings.

2:183 Highlight Fasting as an Obligation

“O you who believe! Fasting has been prescribed for you, as it was prescribed for those before you, so that you may attain Taqwā (God-consciousness).”

Fasting is a command from Allah that has been practiced by previous nations. Its primary objective is to develop Taqwā, which refers to piety and self-discipline.

2:184-185 Highlight Exemptions and Ease in Fasting

"˹Fast a˺ prescribed number of days. But whoever of you is ill or on a journey, then ˹let them fast˺ an equal number of days ˹after Ramaḍân˺. For those who can only fast with extreme difficulty, compensation can be made by feeding a needy person ˹for every day not fasted˺... So whoever is present this month, let them fast. But whoever is ill or on a journey, then ˹let them fast˺ an equal number of days ˹after Ramaḍân˺. Allah intends ease for you, not hardship, ..."

Individuals who are ill or traveling are permitted to postpone their fasts. Initially, a provision was established for those unable to fast to make compensatory acts by feeding someone in need. Ramadan is referred to as the month of the Qur'an, and fasting during this time is strongly emphasized. Allah wishes for believers to experience ease rather than hardship.

2:186 Highlight The Nearness of Allah

“And when My servants ask you about Me, indeed I am near. I respond to the call of the supplicant when he calls upon Me.”

This verse emphasizes the significance of duʿā (supplication) and highlights Allah’s closeness to His servants, particularly during Ramadan.

2:187 Highlight Permissibility of Eating and Marital Relations at Night

"It has been made permissible for you to be intimate with your wives during the nights preceding the fast. ............. You may eat and drink until you see the light of dawn breaking the darkness of night, then complete the fast until nightfall. Do not be intimate with your spouses while you are meditating in the mosques... "

The verse clarifies that eating, drinking, and marital relations are allowed at night until Fajr (dawn). Introduces the concept of Iʿtikāf (seclusion in the mosque) during the last ten nights of Ramadan.

1. Ṣabr (Patience and Forbearance)

Fasting nurtures patience (Ṣabr), as individuals must exercise control over their desires, hunger, thirst, and emotions throughout the day. The Prophet ﷺ stated, "Fasting is half of patience." (Ibn Mājah)

Levels of Ṣabr in Fasting

- Patience in adhering to Allah’s commandments.

- Patience in abstaining from sinful speech and actions.

- Patience in enduring physical hunger and thirst.

Fasting fosters self-discipline and enhances willpower. It aids in overcoming bad habits and resisting temptations.

2. Raḥmah (Mutual Cooperation, Empathy, and Sympathy)

Fasting deepens our sense of compassion and mercy for those in need, especially those who are less fortunate. As we face hunger and thirst ourselves, we gain a greater understanding of the struggles of the impoverished, which helps us nurture empathy within us. This experience also allows us to reflect on our blessings and feel a profound gratitude for what we have been given by Allah.

Mutual Cooperation

Families and communities come together to break their fasts, thereby strengthening social bonds. The act of giving charity (Sadaqah) and providing sustenance to others during Ramadan is rewarded immensely. The Prophet ﷺ emphasized this, stating: "Whoever feeds a fasting person will have a reward like his." (Tirmidhī)

Fasting inspires generosity and nurtures a deep sense of social responsibility while strengthening the bonds of unity within the Muslim community.

3. Takrīm (Respect and Deference)

Fasting instills a deep respect for time, discipline, and religious obligations.

Respect for Allah’s Commands

A believer adheres to the prescribed timings for fasting, demonstrating obedience to Allah. Observing fasting with sincerity, without seeking validation from others, reflects genuine reverence for Allah.

Respect for Others

Fasting cultivates good manners, patience, and the avoidance of conflicts. The Prophet ﷺ advised:  

"If someone insults or fights you while you are fasting, respond by saying: 'I am fasting.'" (Bukhārī & Muslim)  

This practice encourages modesty, kindness, and humility in our interactions with others.

Fasting amplifies self-respect and personal discipline, inspiring believers to embody dignity and honor in every aspect of life.

Fasting teaches patience and helps individuals resist their desires and face challenges with strength. It encourages compassion for those in need, fostering generosity and social unity. It also builds respect by instilling discipline, reverence for Allah’s commands, and kindness towards others.

In summary, Fasting during Ramadan is a profound opportunity for self-improvement, spiritual growth, and fostering social harmony. It serves as a reminder of our life's purpose, the power of gratitude, and the necessity of seeking Allah’s mercy. By embodying these virtues, fasting transcends mere obligation; it transforms into a path toward righteousness, inner peace, and a deeper connection with Allah.

Sūrah al-Tawbah (9:100-106) discusses the status of the righteous believers, the repentance of sinners, and the importance of purification through charity.

The main focus which is verse 103 highlights the Role of Charity in Purification

“Take [O Prophet] from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and increase them [in righteousness], and invoke [Allah's blessings] upon them. Indeed, your prayers are a source of comfort for them. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing.”

This verse commands the Prophet ﷺ to gather Ṣadaqah (charity) or Zakāh from the faithful. Charity serves to purify both the wealth and the soul of the giver. It enhances righteousness, fortifies faith, and dissipates greed and attachment to material possessions. The Prophet’s duʿā (supplication) for those who engage in charitable acts brings peace and solace to their hearts.

The Virtues Found in Zakāh and Ṣadaqah

Zakāh (obligatory charity) and Ṣadaqah (voluntary charity) are essential components of Islam that promote social welfare, spiritual purification, and economic justice.

Below are three key virtues associated with them:

1. Tazkiyyah (Purification of Wealth and Soul through Zakāh)

Purifies Wealth

Zakāh serves to cleanse wealth of greed, selfishness, and materialism.

Purifies the Soul

Engaging in charitable acts diminishes arrogance and fosters generosity, humility, and gratitude.

Spiritual Growth

In Sūrah al-Tawbah (9:103), Allah states that charity not only purifies the giver but also enhances their righteousness.

Wealth given in the path of Allah is never diminished; it grows and flourishes through divine blessings. Zakāh and Ṣadaqah purify, ensuring that both wealth and the heart remain untouched by corruption.

2. Tawakkul (Reliance on Allah)

Strengthens Trust in Allah

The act of giving away wealth fosters a deep faith that Allah will provide for and replenish what is given.

Alleviates Fear of Poverty

Engaging in charity teaches believers that their sustenance ultimately comes from Allah rather than solely from their own efforts.

Allah’s Promise of Reward

As the Prophet ﷺ stated, "Charity does not diminish wealth." (Muslim)

The charity encourages people to trust in Allah rather than focusing on material things, helping them feel a deeper sense of spiritual confidence and happiness.

3. Ukhuwwah (Brotherhood and Social Solidarity)

Lessens Social Inequality

Zakāh and Ṣadaqah promote the fair circulation of wealth, alleviating poverty, and nurturing a compassionate community.

Strengthens Community Bonds

When those with resources assist those in need, it fosters love, unity, and harmony among individuals.

The Prophet ﷺ stated, "The believer is like a structure, each part strengthening the other." (Bukhārī & Muslim)

Charity unites the Muslim community, forging a powerful bond of brotherhood and mutual support that inspires us all.

The Relation Between Brotherhood and Ṣadaqah (Sūrah al-Zalzalah 99:7-8)

Verses from Sūrah al-Zalzalah:

"So whoever does an atom’s weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom’s weight of evil will see it." (99:7-8)

These verses highlight that no act of kindness, regardless of its size, goes unnoticed in the sight of Allah. Even the smallest contributions to charity foster a sense of brotherhood and are guaranteed rewards in the Hereafter. Acts of kindness towards fellow Muslims, such as feeding the hungry or assisting those in need, are acknowledged and valued by Allah. In Islam, the bonds of brotherhood are reinforced through acts of giving, which cultivate love, compassion, and unity among individuals.

Every small act of Ṣadaqah strengthens our bonds of brotherhood and will be recognized on the Day of Judgment.