https://padlet.com/malicoparker/4vozhz3mw0fp2zo5 How has the PIC evolved? What developments or new knowledge revealed about its working are important to know? en-us 2020-09-30 16:06:37 UTC 2026-03-11 19:17:47 UTC hello@padlet.com malicoparker https://padlet.com/malicoparker/4vozhz3mw0fp2zo5/wish/791927579 Imprisonment was not employed as a form of punishment until the 18th century. During the age of enlightenment, dehumanization of Black persons was used was justification of imprisonment. It was said African person were not sentient. 

The word "peniteniary" comes from "penitence" in reference to penitent prostitutes. 

Prisons didn't exist in Africa or Asia until the rise of industrial capitalism. 

Penitentiary systems were largely male; because women didn't have full rights, they also weren't punished the way that men were. ]]> 2020-09-30 16:07:53 UTC https://padlet.com/malicoparker/4vozhz3mw0fp2zo5/wish/791927579 malicoparker https://padlet.com/malicoparker/4vozhz3mw0fp2zo5/wish/791931605 Prior to emancipation, prisons were mostly white, but the Black population in prison exploded after emancipation.

p. 46 in APO -- the first women's facility opened in Indiana -- created a whole new way for prisons to enact violence. 

After the aboliton of slavery, the black codes legitimized the convict leasing system, which furnished the industrialization of the South. 

Slave rebellions and insurrections! Slaves actively resisted their containment and dehumanization.

The Dred Scott Case of 1857-- determined that Black people were not citizens, which legitimized 
slavery 

Debt peonage -- people would go to jail for owing any kind of fine. Newly freed people would be confronted by their owners who claimed their former slaves owned them for clothes, food, housing they had provided them when they were slaves. Debt peonage was outlawed in the 1870s and 1890s. 

Privatization of contracts, sharecropping (which also kept them in debt), chain gangs (which remain to this day) 

Solidified the acceptability and spectacle of Black death -- constant spectacle, reminder, and acceptance that this kind of death was okay for capitalism, expansionism, etc.

Some newly freed slaves said they preferred slavery to freedom -- when once slaves were expensive, now they could be bought in public from prisons. 

“Convicts, on the other hand, were leased not as individuals, but as a group, and they could be worked literally to death without affecting the profitability of a convict crew” (p. 32 in my. version)

The 13th Amendement]]> 2020-09-30 16:08:38 UTC https://padlet.com/malicoparker/4vozhz3mw0fp2zo5/wish/791931605 malicoparker https://padlet.com/malicoparker/4vozhz3mw0fp2zo5/wish/791932735 p. 72 -- Sentencing practices for women, of all racial backgrounds, were harsher than for men -- eugenicists wanted to remove "genetically inferior" people from the populations

Prisons were an easy place to find subjects for medical and scientific research, up until it was banned after the Nuremberg trials. 

in the 1980s, p. 35 -- Birmingham, the Pittsburgh of the South, many Black men worked in the mines and mills -- they had inherited their place in the mills and mines from former convicts who had worked the mills

From Nixon onward, every president has ramped up the prison industrial complex. 

The War on Drugs, three strikes law under the Clinton administration

The advent of Hip Hop, Black men and women began to use the music to speak back to the system of mass incarceration and police brutatlity 

Angela Davis, Assata Shakur, Mumia, other political prisoners

Anti-prison activism emerged 

1974-1979, 9 prisons built in California ]]> 2020-09-30 16:08:51 UTC https://padlet.com/malicoparker/4vozhz3mw0fp2zo5/wish/791932735 malicoparker https://padlet.com/malicoparker/4vozhz3mw0fp2zo5/wish/791933556 In year 2000, Colin Powell points out the imprisonment of Black men at the Republican Convention

Sharp increase in the number of Black women incarcerated]]> 2020-09-30 16:09:01 UTC https://padlet.com/malicoparker/4vozhz3mw0fp2zo5/wish/791933556 malicoparker https://padlet.com/malicoparker/4vozhz3mw0fp2zo5/wish/791935062 2020-09-30 16:09:19 UTC https://padlet.com/malicoparker/4vozhz3mw0fp2zo5/wish/791935062