Mind Map for Lit and Comp by Campbell Fenton

Subtopic 1:

campbell_fenton — 2025-04-03 19:12:22 UTC

Patients will receive delayed care due to misinformed doctors

How do doctor's personal biases impact their ability to properly diagnose patients?

campbell_fenton — 2025-04-03 19:13:31 UTC

Subtopic 2:

campbell_fenton — 2025-04-03 19:15:06 UTC

Patients feel like they need to prove themselves to doctors

Subtopic 3:

campbell_fenton — 2025-04-03 19:16:02 UTC

Not caring enough to have advanced equipment and knowledge on all types of patients

Subtopic 4:

campbell_fenton — 2025-04-03 19:23:52 UTC

Common stereotypes that make it harder for a doctor to make a diagnosis

1

2025-04-07 19:26:33 UTC

"Discriminator in health care may be driven by implicit attitudes and stereotypes and may represent one more for of error in medical decision-making. Experiences of discrimination in health care lead to delay in seeking care and avoidance of the health care system" (Sabin, Janice et al.).

- Shaina

2

2025-04-07 19:29:53 UTC

“There were no significant differences in perceived discrimination based on education and income... their educational status did not protect them from experiencing discrimination in their medical encounters.” (Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities) (Women of all status are discriminated against solely because they are women) -Jasper S.

1

2025-04-07 19:33:52 UTC

“They may lack awareness of their own potential unconscious biases, and their actions may unknowingly suggest that these biases are active.” (Journal of infectious diseases). (Workers in the medical field may not be aware of their bias towards patients, this could affect how they treat and diagnose them) -Jasper S.

1

2025-04-07 19:34:43 UTC

"During medical decision-making, even among those with egalitarian values, implicit social attitudes and stereotypes stored in memory may be retrieved automatically without awareness and may influence medical care, albeit unintentionally" (Sabin, Janice et al.). -Shaina

1

jade_serrano — 2025-04-10 19:06:00 UTC

“Discrimination and disrespect by health care provides affected respondents seeking healthcare and service...respondents also reported that incidents of discrimination deterred LGBTQI+ respondents were more than three times as likely as non-lgbtqi+ respondents to report that they delayed or avoided receiving needed medical care in the past year because of disrespect of discrimination from a doctor or other healthcare provider” (CAP). -Jasper S.

4

shaina_gangrade — 2025-04-10 19:06:36 UTC

"Physicians underestimated the pain scores of African American patients by greater than 2 points on an 11-point numeric pain rating scale 47% of the time versus 33.5% for non-African Americans. In contrast, the pain ratings for non-African Americans were twice as likely as those for African Americans to be overestimated by the physician" (Mossey, Janice M.).

-Shaina G.

3

2025-04-10 19:07:51 UTC

"Despite composing 50% of the population, women are grossly underrepresented in medical studies. Historically, they have often been absent from clinical research and have only recently gained access to large-scale clinical trials" (Verdi and Eranki). - Joanna

2

2025-04-10 19:09:28 UTC

"One in five women say they have felt that a health care provider has ignored or dismissed their symptoms, and 17% say they feel they have been treated differently because of their gender—compared with 14% and 6% of men, respectively" (Paulsen). -Joanna

4

jade_serrano — 2025-04-10 19:10:19 UTC

"Using stereotypes in this fashion may lead to premature closure and missed diagnoses when clinicians fail to see their patients as more than their perceived demographic characteristics'' (Journal of infectious diseases). -Jasper S.

3

shaina_gangrade — 2025-04-10 19:11:37 UTC

In a study conducted on how doctors present bias to patients, many "participants reported that they make strategic choices to deny care to people with disabilities, the study found. This includes making statements such as 'I am not taking new patients,' 'I do not take your insurance,' or telling the patients they need specialized care and therefore, 'I am not the doctor for you'" (Samuelson).

-Campbell

4

2025-04-10 19:13:04 UTC

"Men and women are equally at risk for cardiovascular disease. Even so, 'women are 50% more likely to be misdiagnosed with a heart attack' than men..." (Sacred Heart). - Joanna

2

2025-04-10 19:14:21 UTC

"This was reported in a survey conducted by the American Cancer Society that found 'women were more likely to feel they had to ‘prove’ their symptoms' to disbelieving health care providers'" (Sacred Heart). - Joanna

3

shaina_gangrade — 2025-04-10 19:15:33 UTC

Most people also don't think about how the biases in doctors when talking about accessibility, as most focus on "the fact that most health care facilities are accessible in terms of ramps and doors and bathrooms but are not physically accessible in terms of their medical diagnostic equipment just shows that this has not been top of mind in the medical community" (Martin and Opthof).

-Campbell

2

jade_serrano — 2025-04-10 19:16:13 UTC

To even be recognized as disabled, patients have to go through testing, and one sole doctor's opinion can change if you are recognized or not. According to the Social Security Administration, ''Although an SSA-employed physician might examine the patients chart, the treating physician alone performs the examination of the patient'' (Blake). - Campbell

4

2025-04-10 19:16:58 UTC

"Most health care providers appear to have implicit bias in terms of positive attitudes toward Whites and negative attitudes toward people of color...Interventions targeting implicit attitudes among health care professionals are needed because implicit bias may contribute to health disparities for people of color" (Hall et al.). - Shaina

3

shaina_gangrade — 2025-04-10 19:19:40 UTC

Some offices and medical facilities also cannot or have unsafe methods to transfer wheelchair patients, saying "of 256 surveyed practices in the 2012 study, 56 (22%) reported they could not accommodate the patient. Of the rest, more than half planned to transfer the patient using methods considered to be unsafe" (Samuelson).

-Campbell