I chose this mural because it shows everyone doing their part to achieve sustainability

Subheadings:

Public Housing units have different floor plans to meet the needs of different people. Though, most are designed as flats for families.

Studio apartments are specifically designed for elderly people with limited financial resources who desire to live independently. They are available in two different sizes, 36 and 45 square meters, which are suitable for either one or two occupants. These apartments are equipped with elderly-friendly features including non-slip tiles, bathroom support bars, and multiple pull-for-help cords

Condominiums provide various recreational amenities such as swimming pools, security, gyms, and occasionally tennis and basketball courts, along with well-maintained gardens. They are a favored option for individuals seeking affordable and low-maintenance private housing, as compared to landed properties.

Landed properties are a popular choice for those who can afford them because of their spacious living quarters, and enhanced privacy, even though they require more maintenance. These types of properties are particularly suitable for families who desire a nature-centered living experience in the city

1. I chose this mural because it has a group of different nationalities.

2. A multicultural society is one in which people from diverse cultural backgrounds coexist, embracing and respecting each other's customs, traditions, and beliefs. It emphasizes the coexistence of various cultural identities within a larger community.

3.

i) Diversity: Embracing a variety of cultural backgrounds, languages, and traditions.

ii) Respect: Fostering mutual respect for different customs, beliefs, and lifestyles.

iii) Equality: Promoting equal opportunities and rights for everyone, irrespective of their cultural heritage.

1.Singapore has efficient urban planning and high-quality housing developments. The government provides affordable and sustainable homes through public housing schemes. Private properties cater to various housing preferences and budgets.

2.public Housing (HDB) Public housing in Singapore is managed by the state's Housing and Development Board (HDB), hence their flats are commonly termed 'HDBs'. Over 80% of Singapore's population live in an HDB flat.

3.Private property has 2 subcategories: non-landed and landed. Non-landed property types consist of private condominiums and apartments. Landed housing comprises semi-detached, terraced house, cluster house, townhouse, shophouse, bungalow, good class bungalow, and Housing and Urban Development Company (HUDC)

1. Singapore became a global example of sustainability by developing strategies and investing funds in innovative, circular solutions. Also, encouraging its citizens to engage in sustainable practices through a biophilic design approach, the human and environmental factors were finally in balance.

2. Singapore's eco-friendly revolution has gained momentum, with a significant rise in the popularity of sustainable products among consumers. According to the Singapore Business Review, nearly 9 out of 10 shoppers in Singapore are willing to pay a premium for sustainable goods.

3. sustainability refers to the ability to maintain or support a process continuously over time. In business and policy contexts, sustainability seeks to prevent the depletion of natural or physical resources, so that they will remain available for the long term.

I chose this because it shows what Singapore does to be sustainable.

1. Solar panels. With solar panels that last for more than 25 years, long-term environmental impact is reduced by using solar power, a renewable energy source that emits little to no greenhouse gases. Solar panels on commercial roofs can solve the problem of costly energy sources by producing solar energy which is more eco-friendly and cost-effective.

2. Wind turbine at Semakau Landfill. Most commercial wind turbines operate at average wind speeds of at least 4.5 m/s. On the other hand, the average wind speed in Singapore is only about 2-3 m/s. 

   Hence, there is low potential of using wind for power generation in Singapore based on existing technology. In addition, there are challenges to harnessing offshore winds due to busy maritime traffic in our waters. Singapore's relatively narrow tidal range and calm seas limit opportunities for commercial tidal power generation

3. The Government using the taxes it collects to deliver high-quality public services, to invest in the well-being of all Singaporeans, and to build for the future

   A functioning and robust social compact creates trust. It leads to a sense of assurance that someone’s got our interests in mind — that we have got each other’s backs.

   For us to feel that way, our social compact should be collectively agreed upon. Everyone should recognise that we have a meaningful stake in society, and we are all invested in one another and in our shared future.

   Our social compact is not static. It must be refreshed to adapt to changing times.

   Singapore is now in a prime moment for change. We face new challenges and uncertainties but also new opportunities.

   
   

Housing in Singapore:

Definition:

Housing in Singapore involves providing residential spaces for its diverse population. As a bustling city-state, Singapore adopts a multifaceted strategy to address housing needs, incorporating both public and private initiatives.

Subheadings:

1. Public Housing (hdb)

The Housing and Development Board (HDB) in Singapore spearheads public housing efforts, offering well-designed and affordable flats for the majority. Delving into the HDB's role, development processes, and policies like Built-to-Order (BTO) and resale flats provides insight.

2. Private Housing (condos/landed)

Singapore's private housing sector spans various properties, from condominiums to landed houses. Analyzing elements such as property prices, market trends, and government regulations influencing private property ownership provides a comprehensive view of the private housing market.

3. Sustainability

Singapore places a significant emphasis on infusing smart technologies and sustainable practices into its housing. This section explores initiatives promoting energy efficiency, smart home solutions, and eco-friendly architectural designs.

The Raycam Multicultural Mural was designed to express facets of diversity in Vancouver, the intention for the mural was to represent multicultural aspects of East Vancouver. I represented the community in a sequence of figures arranged in groupings to suggest the broad range of cultural backgrounds within this area. Figures are linked by an abstract background to integrate the piece. The mural was designed to lend a personal and dramatize presence to this part of Hastings Street, bordered by Raymur Housing (now Stamps), light industrial buildings, Strathcona houses, and a busy overpass.

MultiCultural Mural was initially funded through Census Canada, and painted in 1991 with Thomas Anfield and Haruko Okano. It was completely reworked in 2001.

-Malay

-English

-Chinese

-Indian

Food

-nasi lemak，mee rebus（Malay）

-dumplings(Chinese)

-thosai,vadai(Indian)

Festivals

-Deepavali，Festival of light，Thaipusam（Indian）

-Hari Raya Haji(Malay)

-Spring Festival,Lantern Festival(Chinese)

Places

Little India

Malay Heritage

China town

Definition:

Houses, Flats and private property in Singapore

Purpose of houses:

How does housing ensure our quality of life

- It gives us shelter

- It makes it so that we have privacy

Policy of housing in SG

When can an individual buy their own house?

-21 years old

Types of houses

-Shop houses

- HDB

- Condominium

- Landed property

- etc.

1)     Languages

Why is English the official language of Singapore?

-         Due to the British rule

-         Medium of instruction, prevent language barrier

2)     Food

What are the benefits of having different foods from different cultures?

-         Enjoy unique tastes

-         Connect to different cultures

-         Never get sick of eating the same foods

3)     Places

Why places like Chinatown, Little India or Malay Heritage Centre exists?

-         Experience different cultures

-         Anchors Singapore’s identity as a multi-cultural society

-         To remember our roots

4)     Arts

Why are arts of different cultures still prominent in Singapore?

Definition:

1)      Languages in Singapore

- Official Languages (4) : English, Chinese, Malay, Tamil

-

-

                2) Food

                -  Common Chinese Dishes:

                       1. 四川牛肉麵

                      Known for its bold and spicy flavors, Sichuan-style beef noodles feature a broth with chili oil, Sichuan peppercorns, and other aromatic spices.

                   2. 麻辣香锅

                   麻 (Má) - Numbing: This sensation is primarily attributed to the use of Sichuan peppercorns in the dish. These peppercorns contain compounds that create a tingling or numbing feeling on the tongue, enhancing the overall flavor experience.

                               辣 (Là) - Spicy: Mala dishes are characterized by a significant level of spiciness. This comes from the inclusion of dried red chili peppers and other spices in the seasoning or sauce, providing a robust and fiery taste.

                          Together, the numbing and spicy components create the distinct and memorable mala flavor. Mala is commonly associated with Sichuan cuisine and can be found in various dishes, such as Mala Xiang Guo and Mala Hot Pot, offering a bold and intense culinary experience.

             - Common English/Western dishes

                         1) Fish and Chips

                                   Fish: The fish used in Fish and Chips is typically cod or haddock, although other white fish varieties may also be used. The fish is filleted, coated in a batter made from flour and water or beer, and then deep-fried until it becomes crispy and golden brown. The result is a flavorful and tender fish encased in a crunchy exterior.

                                   Chips: In the context of British cuisine, "chips" refer to what Americans would call French fries. The chips are made from potatoes that are cut into thick strips, then deep-fried until they are crispy on the outside and fluffy on the inside. They are usually seasoned with salt.     

                                   Accompaniments: Fish and Chips is often served with additional items such as:

Full English Breakfast:

            A Full English Breakfast, often colloquially referred to as a "Full English" or "Fry-up," is a traditional and hearty breakfast meal that has become an iconic part of British cuisine. It typically includes a variety of cooked items, providing a substantial start to the day. While variations exist, a classic Full English Breakfast typically consists of the following components:

1.    Eggs: Fried, poached, or scrambled eggs are a common feature of a Full English Breakfast. They can be cooked according to personal preference.

2.    Bacon: Rashers of bacon, usually back bacon, are a key element. The bacon is typically fried until crispy.

3.    Sausages: Pork sausages are a standard inclusion. These can vary in style and flavor, and they are commonly grilled or fried.

4.    Black Pudding: A type of blood sausage made from pork blood, fat, and oatmeal or barley. It is sliced and fried until crisp.

5.    Grilled Tomatoes: Halved or whole tomatoes are grilled until they soften.

6.    Baked Beans: A serving of baked beans in tomato sauce is often included, adding a sweet and savory element to the dish.

7.    Mushrooms: Sliced mushrooms are often sautéed with butter and sometimes seasoned with herbs.

8.    Hash Browns: Fried potato patties, providing a crispy and starchy element to the meal.

9.    Toast or Fried Bread: Slices of white or brown bread are toasted or fried, serving as a base for the other components or as a side.

10. Optional Extras: Depending on regional variations and personal preferences, additional items may be included, such as fried or grilled onions, black or white pudding, and even bubble and squeak (a dish made from leftover vegetables).

11. Beverages: A Full English Breakfast is typically accompanied by tea or coffee, and orange juice might also be included.

The combination of savory, crispy, and rich elements in a Full English Breakfast makes it a substantial and satisfying meal. It is often associated with leisurely weekend mornings, hotels, bed and breakfasts, or as a special treat on occasions. Keep in mind that variations exist, and not all Full English Breakfasts include every component listed here.

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Common Malay Dishes:

Nasi Lemak: Considered the national dish of Malaysia, Nasi Lemak is fragrant rice cooked in coconut milk and pandan leaves. It is typically served with anchovies, peanuts, boiled eggs, cucumber, and sambal (chili paste).

Nasi Goreng: Fried rice cooked with a combination of ingredients such as shallots, garlic, tamarind, soy sauce, and often accompanied by prawns, chicken, or fried eggs.

Satay: Skewered and grilled meat, usually served with a peanut sauce. Chicken, beef, and lamb are common choices for satay.

Definition: Everything that we need for survival and well-being depends, either directly or indirectly, on our natural environment.

Renewable Energy: Solar energy, Wind energy, Ocean energy, Geothermal energy and Hydro energy.

How can we reuse the renewable energy?

We can reuse the renewable energy for electricity generation, space and water heating and cooling and transportation.

How can renewable energy be used forever?

If the resources regenerates fast enough , we will never run low on that specific resource. For example, wind is the best renewable energy resource, wind provides electricity without burning any fuel or polluting the air.

Can renewable energy be sustainable?

Yes, for example wind energy is one of the sustainable forms of energy currently available.  by far is way more sustainable than fossil fuels.

Purpose of houses:

Vibrant Communities

Vibrant communities that reflect a common "Singaporean identity" are built through daily interactions and an appreciation of our nation’s diverse ethnicity, culture and history. These vibrant communities did not come about by chance, but through the careful planning of spaces and programs for neighbourly interaction.

Common Corridors

Common corridors are designed to be convergent points for residents to meet and mingle, promoting neighborliness and a sense of community.

Void Decks

Void decks are venues for social and recreational activities. They build community ties and promote racial integration by presenting ample opportunities for Singaporeans of different backgrounds, age groups and races to meet and interact.

Policy of housing in SG:

For public residential housing(HDB)

Definition: people of different races, ethnicities, and nationalities living together in the same community

1. Languages

- English (British rule of Singapore, medium of instruction in schools)

- Chinese (Mandarin had gained status since the introduction of Chinese-medium schools)

- Malay (Malays are constitutionally recognised as the indigenous peoples of Singapore)

- Tamil (the largest Indian ethnic group in Singapore)

2. Places

- Chinatown

- Little India

- Malay Heritage Centre

3. Food

- Chicken Rice

-  Laksa

-                                     

4.  Races

- Chinese

- Malay

- Indian

- Others

5. Events/holidays

- CNY

- Hari raya

- Racial Harmony Day

definition :

(1)    languages

-          why is English the official language in Singapore?

it was due to the British rule of Singapore. thus, English is the medium of instruction in schools.

(2)    places

-          why do places like Chinatown, little India, or Malay heritage exist?

immigrants from India, China and all around the Malay Archipelago have flocked to the island in search of a better life—and they've formed the bedrock upon which this city was built.

(3)    food

-          what is the benefit of having different foods from different cultures?

it is to have a deeper and richer understanding and appreciation of different cultures.

housing in singapore

definition :

(1)    purpose of houses

-          how does housing ensure our quality of life

(2)    policies of housing in SG

-          when can an individual buy their own house?

(3)    type of houses

-          HDB

-          condominium

-          bungalow

-          terrace house

sustainability

definition :

(1)    impact

-          how does the issue of sustainability affect us?

(2)    renewable energy

-          what are the different renewable energy?

(3)    efforts

-          what are the efforts made to ensure sustainability

This mural shows different races of people communicating or helping one another. This reminds us that we should always interact with others.

-          Chinese New Year (starting a new year )

-          Hari Raya (big or grand day of rejoicing)

-          Deepavali (a row of lights)

2.       Race

-          Chinese (Han Chinese people)

-          Malay (descended from the earlier Malayic-speaking tribes)

-          Indian (native to subcontinent of India)

-          Eurasian (person with mixed European and Asian lineage)

3.       Food

-          Chicken Rice (Singapore most famous dish)

-          Roti Prata (roti means bread, prata means flat in Hindi)

-          Mee Goreng (fried noodles in Malay speaking culture)

4.       Language

-          Mandarin (one of the official languages of Singapore)

-          Malay (national language of Singapore)

-          Tamil (one of the official languages in Singapore)

-          English (British rule of Singapore)

5.       Places

-          Chinatown (mass migration of poor workers from Chinese)

-          Little India (used for cattle trading)

-          Kampong Glam (for Sultan Hussein Mohamed Shah family in 1824)

Definition:

1. Religions & places of worship

-Christianity; Churches

-Islam; Mosques

-Hinduism; Hindu Temples

-Buddhism: Buddhist Temples

2. Why places like Chinatown, Little India or Malay Heritage Centre exists

-Chinatown; it preserves cultural identity, traditions and customs.Offers a familiar environment for those seeking comfort in language and culture.

-Little India; preserving and celebrating Indian cultural identity.Provides a  familiar, supportive, and shared culture for immigrants from specific regions.

-Malay Heritage Centre; preserve and showcase Malay cultural heritage.Provides a link between generations, allowing the sharing of cultural knowledge.

3. What is the benefit of having different food from different culture

= Having different dishes from various cultures helps preserve culinary traditions and encourages the passing down of recipes through generations. While promoting the inclusivity of multicultural societies, celebrating differences rather than fostering homogeneity.

Definition: Public housing in Singapore is subsidized, built, and managed by the Government of Singapore.

TYPES OF HOUSING

- HDB

-condo

-terrace houses

WHAT IS HOUSING

-houses

-flats

-considered collectively

PURPOSE OF HOUSES

-good physical health

-good mental health

-foundation of our happiness

POLICY OF HOUSING IN SG

-certain income

-citizenship

-property leasehold ownership requirements

Definition:  People of different races, ethnicities, and nationalities living together in the same community.

1. Languages

-Why is English the official language in Singapore?

- British rule of Singapore

-Upon independence of Singapore

What are the  4 languages in Singapore?

-English

-Malay

-Chinese

-Indians

2. Places

-Why places like Chinatown, Little India or Malay Heritage Centre exists?

-To let people discover other cultures

3.What is the benefit of having different food from different culture?

-Gain deeper understanding of different cultures

-Appreciate the richness of diversity around us

Final submission