Study Guide - Chapter 25 by Meghan Odell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv Made with no regrets, whatsoever en-us 2018-01-02 14:38:09 UTC 2018-01-11 12:34:06 UTC hello@padlet.com Industrial Revolution 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218324287 The greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s]]> 2018-01-02 14:42:42 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218324287 SECTION 1 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218324406 2018-01-02 14:43:07 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218324406 SECTION 2 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218324480 2018-01-02 14:43:23 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218324480 SECTION 3 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218324542 2018-01-02 14:43:35 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218324542 Enclosures 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218324648 one of the fenced-in or hedged-in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked by village farmers.

]]> 2018-01-02 14:43:59 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218324648 Urbanization 21gtaveroni https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218324930 the growth of cities and the migration of people into them.]]> 2018-01-02 14:45:06 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218324930 Middle Class 21gtaveroni https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218325298  a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers.]]> 2018-01-02 14:46:28 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218325298 Samuel Slater 21afulco https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218325952 (June 9, 1768 – April 21, 1835) was an early English-American industrialist known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution" (a phrase coined by Andrew Jackson) and the "Father of the American Factory System."]]> 2018-01-02 14:49:01 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218325952 Crop rotation 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218326049 the system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land.]]> 2018-01-02 14:49:25 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218326049 Factory Act of 1819 21gtaveroni https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218326215 Until the first Factory Act passed in 1819, the British gov-ernment exerted little control over child labor in Manchester and other factory cities. The act restricted working age and hours. For years after the act passed, young children still did heavy, dangerous work in Manchester’s factories.


]]> 2018-01-02 14:49:57 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218326215 Working class 21gtaveroni https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218326376 Factory owners kept their machines running as many hours as possible to increase production, so the average worker worked 14 hours a day 6 days a week year-round. Factories were extremely dangerous: they were dark and filthy, workers often were injured by machines, and there was no government program to provide aid in case of injury. The most dangerous occupation was a coal miner because of the damp conditions, frequent accidents, and constant breathing of coal dust.

]]> 2018-01-02 14:50:40 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218326376 Corporation 21afulco https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218326391 a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts.]]> 2018-01-02 14:50:44 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218326391 Lowell MA 21afulco https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218326963 Lowell is a city in the U.S. Commonwealth of Massachusetts.Incorporated in 1826 to serve as a mill town, Lowell was named after Francis Cabot Lowell, a local figure in the Industrial Revolution.]]> 2018-01-02 14:53:21 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218326963 Industrializatoin 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218327014 the development of industries for the machine production of Goods.]]> 2018-01-02 14:53:35 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218327014 William Cockerill 21afulco https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218327031  (1759–1832) was a British entrepreneur who created a textile machine manufacturing business in Verviers and Liège, Belgium (then part of the French First Republic).]]> 2018-01-02 14:53:39 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218327031 factors of production 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218327332 the resources—including land, labor, and capital—that are needed to produce goods and Services.]]> 2018-01-02 14:55:03 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218327332 Stock 21afulco https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218327891 the goods or merchandise kept on the premises of a business or warehouse and available for sale or distribution.]]> 2018-01-02 14:57:24 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218327891 factory 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218327957  a large building in which machinery is used to manufacture goods.]]> 2018-01-02 14:57:38 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218327957 entrepreneur 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218328283 a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business.]]> 2018-01-02 14:58:54 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218328283 Ruhr Valley 21afulco https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218328366 a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.]]> 2018-01-02 14:59:17 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218328366 Elizabeth Gaskell 21gtaveroni https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218328568 Elizabeth Gaskell’s Mary Barton (1848) is a work of fiction. But it presents a startlingly accurate portrayal of urban life experienced by many at the time.]]> 2018-01-02 15:00:05 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218328568 Spinning jenny 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218328900 a machine for spinning with more than one spindle at a time, patented by James Hargreaves in 1770.]]> 2018-01-02 15:01:27 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218328900 Luddites 21gtaveroni https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218328962 A group of workers who attacked whole factories in northern England beginning in 1811, destroying laborsaving machinery.]]> 2018-01-02 15:01:43 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218328962 What are stocks? What are corporations? 21afulco https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218329084 Stocks are certain rights of ownership, or shares sold by entrepreneurs to raise money.
Corporations are businesses owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts.]]> 2018-01-02 15:02:20 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218329084 After 1800, how did the balance of rural people vs. city people change (term)? Why? 21gtaveroni https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218523049 After 1800, there was an enormous shift from the majority of the population consisting of rural people to the majority of the population consisting of city people. This shift was caused by the Enclosure Movemen. This movement enabled wealthy aristocrats to gain ownership of land that had previously been shared by poor farmers. 
Poor commoners lost their homes and farms and moved into cities in search for work.

]]> 2018-01-03 15:18:49 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218523049 James Watt 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218524238 improved upon the steam engine, created the Watt Engine. Teamed up with entrepreneur Matthew Boulton]]> 2018-01-03 15:21:29 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218524238 Eli Whitney 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218528198 invented cotton gin to remove seeds from cotton]]> 2018-01-03 15:26:53 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218528198 Describe the living conditions in English cities during the Industrial Revolution 21gtaveroni https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218529167 English cities lacked housing, education and police protection for the 
people who moved their in search for jobs. Workers were forced to live in small, dirty, dark shelters with whole families shoved into one bedroom. The city streets weren’t paved, there were no drains, and garbage piled up in heaps on the sides of the roads. Sickness was very common because of these horrid living conditions. 

]]> 2018-01-03 15:28:39 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218529167 The Rocket 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218529432 engine designed by George Stephenson and his son. first locomotive to travel on the Liverpool-Manchester line]]> 2018-01-03 15:29:27 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218529432 How did the middle class differ from the working class? Which class saw their standard of living improve during the industrial revolution? Which did not and why not? 21gtaveroni https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218529839 The middle class was composed of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers while the working class was just laborers. The new middle class changed the social structure in Great Britain because factory owners, merchants, and bankers became more wealthy than the landowners and aristocrats. Although rich entrepreneurs were not considered social equals of the lords of the countryside until late in the 1800s, they were still able to live lavish lives. The working class on the other hand was forced to work long, grueling hours for little pay. They lived in slums and there wasn’t anything they could do to change the way they lived.

]]> 2018-01-03 15:30:25 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218529839 Describe three of the reasons the agricultural revolution began in Britain, and the effects on population. 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218530766 Enclosures helped farmers try new agricultural methods, and also it made large farmers force small farmers to become tenants or even move to the city. New crop rotation improved upon older methods of crop rotation, such as the medieval three-field method. Livestock breeding helped food supplies increase and living condition improved population flourished.

]]> 2018-01-03 15:32:56 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218530766 What were the positive effects of the Industrial Revolution? 21gtaveroni https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218530882 Out of the Industrial Revolution came healthier diets, better housing, and cheaper, mass-produced clothing. It expanded educational opportunities because the Industrial Revolution created a demand for engineers as well as clerical and professional workers. Although it took until the 1800’s for quality of life to improve for the working class as well, they did eventually receive higher wages, shorter hours and better working conditions.]]> 2018-01-03 15:33:16 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218530882 What were the long-term effects of the Industrial Revolution? 21gtaveroni https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218531183 - Most people today in industrialized countries can afford consumer goods that would have been considered luxuries 50 or 60 years ago. 
- Their living and working conditions are much improved over those of workers in the 19th century. 
- Profits derived from industrialization produced tax revenues.
- These funds have allowed local, state, and federal governments to invest in urban improvements and raise the standard of living of most city dwellers. 

]]> 2018-01-03 15:34:03 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218531183 What were the three reasons the Industrial Revolution began in England? 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218532974
  • Extensive natural resources
  • Expanding economy
  • Political stability

    • ]]>     2018-01-03 15:38:28 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218532974     What are the four ways that railroads revolutionized life in England? 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218533375
  • Cheap way to transport materials and products
  • Hundreds of thousands of new jobs
  • Boosted agriculture and fishing by transporting to distant cities
  • Encouraged country bumpkins to get city jobs, and brought city folks to the countryside

    • ]]>     2018-01-03 15:39:28 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218533375     What inventions changed the way textiles were produced and how did it lead to the textile industry to move from homes to factories? 21modell https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218533937
  • Flying shuttle (John Kay)
  • Spinning jenny (James Hargreaves)
  • Water frame (Richard Arkwright)
  • Spinning mule (Samuel Crompton)
  • Power loom (Edward Cartwright)
    • The machines sped up the process of making textiles and also moved textile making to factories.


    ]]>     2018-01-03 15:41:11 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218533937     What were the favorable conditions in both the US and Britain that led to industrialization? Who played a role and where do we see it in the US? 21afulco https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218948684 Both has water powered harbors, iron ore, vast labor forces, political stability, and a favorable financial system. ]]> 2018-01-05 14:51:43 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/218948684 How did industrialization shift the world balance of power? 21afulco https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/219206952 It widened existing inequalities between industrialized and non-industrialized countries and paved the way for imperialism.]]> 2018-01-08 00:08:32 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/219206952 How would you characterize the expansion of industry throughout Europe during the early 1800's? 21afulco https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/219207379 Industrialization was regional rather than nation-wide; some countries did not industrialize because of geographic or social obstacles]]> 2018-01-08 00:16:16 UTC https://padlet.com/21modell/4sg1lrntvevv/wish/219207379