In Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District (1969), the Supreme Court held that students do not "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate." This case expanded free speech to symbolic actions like wearing armbands as long as they do not disrupt educational activities.

In District of Columbia v. Heller (2008), the Supreme Court clarified the right to bear arms outside of militia service by ruling that individuals have a constitutional right to possess firearms for lawful purposes such as self-defense in the home.

In Engblom v. Carey (1982), the Second Circuit Court ruled that evicting prison workers from housing during a strike constituted a Third Amendment violation when National Guardsmen were quartered in their residences.

In Mapp v. Ohio (1961), the Supreme Court established the exclusionary rule which prevents illegally obtained evidence from being used in court.

Miranda v. Arizona (1966) led to the establishment of "Miranda rights" which require law enforcement to inform individuals of their right to remain silent and to an attorney during interrogations.

In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the Supreme Court ruled that the right to counsel is a fundamental right and required states to provide an attorney to defendants who cannot afford one in criminal cases.

In Tull v. United States (1987), the Supreme Court clarified that the Seventh Amendment codifies the right to a jury trial in civil cases involving legal rights but not equitable claims.

In Furman v. Georgia (1972), the Supreme Court struck down the death penalty as it was being applied, deeming it arbitrary and capricious.

In Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), the Supreme Court used the Ninth Amendment to support a constitutional "right to privacy," striking down laws banning contraceptives.

In United States v. Lopez (1995), the Supreme Court limited the power of Congress under the Commerce Clause, reaffirming that certain powers are reserved to the states.