It was on April 12, 1861. 75,000 volunteers fought for the Union and didn't have a lot of preparation compared to the the Confederacy. The Confederacy prepared 3-4 months in training before the Union and has 23,ooo volunteers fighting for them. The Confederacy almost lost to the Union, but 'Stonewall" Jackson mounted a defense until reinforcements came to help. The casualties suffered by the Union were 3,000 casualties and the Confederacy suffered 2,000 casualties.

In Southern Tennessee a Union leader Major General Ulysses S. Grant moved the Unuion army deeper into the South and encamped principally at Pittsburgh Landing Tennessee. Confederate leaders Generals Albert Sidney Johnston and P.G.T Beauregard launched a surprise on the Union. Johnston was killed in action during the battle and Beauregard decided not to fight the Union late into the night. The Union caused the Confederacy to retreat gaining the Union a win. Both sides suffered heavy casualties of more than 23,000 casualties.

The Battle of Fredericksburg was fought in, Fredericksburg, Virginia. The battle was fought between Robert E Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia and the Union army of the Potomac commanded by Major General Ambrose Burnside. The Union 's Army futile frontal attacks on December 13th against the entrenched Confederacy defenders on the heights behind the city is remembered as the one of the most one sided battles in the American Civil War, with Union casualties twice as heavy as those suffered by the Confederacy. Burnside's plan was to cross the Rappahannock River at Fredericksburg in mid- November and race to the Confederate capital of Richmond before Lee's army could stop them. Burnside failed to move across the bridge and Lee moved his army to block the crossings. The Union then had a chance to build its bridges and cross under fire and entered the city on December 11-12.

During the Civil War, CSS Virginia, a captured, and rebuilt Union steam frigate formerly known as the Merrimac, engages the USS Monitor in the first battle between navy iron- fortified naval vessels in history. Once the Confederacy had captured the USS Merrrimac their naval forces became unstoppable. After the Union saw the USS Merrimac in battle they constructed their own naval ironclad called the USS Monitor. On March 6, 1862 the Union attacked the Virginia attacked a Union squadron made out of wooden hulled vessels in Hampton Roads off the coast of Virginia. The USS Congress, a frigate, and the USS Cumberland were sunk by the CSS Virginia, which suffered no noticeable damage. Later that night the USS Monitor arrived and with it's deck nearly at water level it was a comparable match to the Confederate ironclad. On March 9th these two ironclads clashed together and both the Monitor and the Virginia suffered direct hits and failed to penetrate their iron shells. After four hours the Virginia shot a cannon at the Monitor and it destroyed the Monitor's pilothouse temporarily blinded the ships captain Union Lieutenant John L. Worden. The Virginia was then allowed to escape Norfolk, Virginia and the Battle of Ironclads had ended. The total number of casualties of this battle were 430 (US 409) (CS 24).

The Peninsula Campaigns was a huge operation launched by the Union in southeastern Virginia. The operation was commanded by Major General George B McClellan and was a huge disadvantage for the Confederacy considering it led up to the capturing of the Confederate capital Richmond, Virginia. The first heavy fighting of the campaign was the Battle of Williamsburg in which Union troops earned some tactical victories the Confederacy continued with their withdrawal. As McClellan's army reached the outskirts of Richmond a minor battle occurred at the Hanover Court House. , but was surprised when General Joseph E. Johnston launched an attack on the Union the Battle of the Seven Pines. The battle had heavy casualties in the end, but had long lasting effects on the campaign.

The Battle of the Appomattox Courthouse was fought in northern Virginia where General Robert e. Lee had fought before he surrendered the Confederate army troops to the Union under the command of Major General Ulysses S. Grant having abondoned the capital of the Confederacy Richmond Virginia after the 10 month Siege of Petersburg retreating West hoping to meet with his Confederate forces in North Carolina. though Union forces cut off the South and had them retreat at the village of Appomattox Courthouse. Lee launched an attack on the Union, but he had no choice to surrender. This signalled a series of surrenders across the South causing the war to come to a close.

The battle fought around the town of Gettysburg Pennsylvania and and the battle resulted in the largest number of casualties in the Civil War. This battle started because the Union army was in need of new boots so they went into the town searching of boots then they got trapped by the Confederacy and the battle began. The Union thought they had enough reinforcements when really the Confederacy was surrounding them completely. The second day of battle both armies were assembled and ready to fight and the Union army was setup like a fishhook trapping the Confederacy but when Robert E. Lee sent out troops on the left flank of the Union's assembly fighting commenced on Little Round Top, Wheatfield, and Devil's Den. The third day fighting resumed on Culp's Hill and Cemetery Hill where 12,500 Confederate soldiers were assaulted by the Union's center line at Cemetery Ridge. Lee's army casualties consisted between 46,000 and 51,000 soldiers.

The Confederate Army being led by Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early surprised the Union at Cedar Creek and the Union ended up releasing a huge attack on the Confederacy in the afternoon causing the Confederacy to loose miserably. The Union casualties were 5,672 soldiers and the Confederacy casualties were 2,010 soldiers.