Initially, Britain used Australia as a penal colony, but after they discovered Australia was well-suited for fine wool production, Britain took over the whole continent and sent settlers there.

New Zealand was a part of New South Wales as a settler colony before the Treaty of Waitangi protected the Māori by making it a separate colony.

• Despite the treaty, the British encroached on their land and used New Zealand as a base for grazing and dairy farming.

The Trail of Tears is an example of how the U.S., like Europe, continued to take land from indigenous people.

The Monroe Doctrine implied that the U.S. wanted to become an imperial power, and they did after taking Mexican land post-Mexican-America War.

Expansion on Land:

• The idea of a Manifest Destiny is what spurred westward expansion in the U.S. and the purchase of Alaska from Russia.

Expansion Overseas:

• The Spanish-American War led to the U.S. gaining Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.

• The Roosevelt Corollary expanded U.S. influence overseas by sending troops to occupy Latin Americans lands that were facing “instability.”