Its application:

 

1.     There are notable non-electrical analog devices, such as clocks (sundials, water clocks, pendulum clocks, analog watches), the astrolabe, slide rules, the governor of a steam engine, the planimeter (a simple device that measures the area of a closed shape), Kelvin's mechanical tide predictor, acoustic rangefinders, servomechanisms (e.g. The thermostat), a simple mercury thermometer, a bathroom scale, and the speedometer.

2.     The telautograph is an analogue precursor to the modern fax machine. It transmits electrical impulses recorded by potentiometers to stepping motors attached to a pen, thus being able to reproduce a drawing or signature made by the sender at the receiver's station. It was the first such device to transmit drawings to a stationary sheet of paper; previous inventions in Europe used rotating drums to make such transmissions.

3.     An analog synthesizer is a synthesizer that uses analog circuits and analog computer techniques to generate sound electronically.

4.     The analog television encodes television and transports the picture and sound information as an analogue signal, that is, by varying the amplitude and/or frequencies of the broadcast signal. All systems preceding digital television, such as NTSC, PAL or UNIT are analog television systems.

5.     An analog computer is a form of computer that uses electrical, mechanical or hydraulic phenomena to model the problem being solved. More generally an analog computer uses one kind of physical quantity to represent the behaviour of another physical system, or mathematical function. Modelling a real physical system in a computer is called simulation.

 

Digital instrument is the instrument which gives output that varies in discrete steps and only has finite number of values. It works on the principle of quantization. The quantization is the process of converting the continuous input signal into a countable output signal.

 

Its application:

 

1.     Survey meters in radiation protection are hand-held ionising radiation measurement instruments used to check such as personnel, equipment and the environment for radioactive contamination and ambient radiation. The hand-held survey meter is probably the most familiar radiation measuring device owing to its wide and visible use.

2.     The Portable People Meter (PPM), also known as Nielsen Meter, is a system developed by Arbitron (now Nielsen Audio) to measure how many people are exposed or listening to individual radio stations and television stations, including cable television. The PPM is worn like a pager, and detects hidden audio tones within a station or network's audio stream, logging each time it finds such a signal.

3.     Pen type pH meters. This meter is specializes to measure pH.  The meter gives accurate readings with its Built-in temperature sensor and can be easily calibrated.

Nur Sabrina Binti Muhili (65097)

Definition of instrument : instrument which represents the measurand value in the form of the digital number is known as the digital instruments. It works on the principle of quantization. The quantization is the process of converting the continuous input signal into a countable output signal.The construction of the digital instrument is very complex, and their cost is also very high. The digital instruments consume very less power as compared to analogue instruments. The digital multimeter, digital voltmeter, digital frequency meter are the examples of the digital instruments.Digital best suited for computing and digital electronic.For example uses of digital is PCs and PDAs.

Desmond Belaja Dadu (60637)

Analog instrument is an instrument whose output is the continuous function of time and have a constant relation to the input. Physical quantity like voltage, current, power and energy are measured through the analog instrument. 

Example of an analog instrument is analog multimeter. A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a VOM (volt-ohm-milliammeter), is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit. A typical multimeter can measure voltage, current, and resistance. Analog multimeters use a microammeter with a moving pointer to display readings. Digital multimeters (DMM, DVOM) have a numeric display, and may also show a graphical bar representing the measured value. Digital multimeters are now far more common due to their cost and precision, but analog multimeters are still preferable in some cases, for example when monitoring a rapidly varying value.

A multimeter can be a hand-held device useful for basic fault finding and field service work, or a bench instrument which can measure to a very high degree of accuracy. They can be used to troubleshoot electrical problems in a wide array of industrial and household devices such as electronic equipment, motor controls, domestic appliances, power supplies, and wiring systems.

The applications of ammeter mainly involves in various electrical and electronic projects for the purpose of components testing and also used in different measurement applications in multimeter.

1.     Analog speedometer - A speedometer or a speed meter is a gauge that measures and displays the instantaneous speed of a vehicle. Now universally fitted to motor vehicles, they started to be available as options in the 1900s, and as standard equipment from about 1910 onwards. Speedometers for other vehicles have specific names and use other means of sensing speed. For a boat, this is a pit log. For an aircraft, this is an airspeed indicator.

2.     Analog tachometer - A tachometer (revolution-counter, tach, rev-counter, RPM gauge) is an instrument measuring the rotation speed of a shaft or disk, as in a motor or other machine.^[1] The device usually displays the revolutions per minute (RPM) on a calibrated analogue dial, but digital displays are increasingly common. 

The instrument which represents the measurand value in the form of the digital number is known as the digital instruments. It works on the principle of quantization. The quantization is the process of converting the continuous input signal into a countable output signal.

Example of digital instrument is digital multimeter. Digital multimeter (DMM) is a test tool used to measure two or more electrical values—principally voltage (volts), current (amps) and resistance (ohms). It is a standard diagnostic tool for technicians in the electrical/electronic industries. 

1.     Testing with a clamp meter

2.     Testing with a standard DMM and current clamp adapter

3.     Testing resistance

4.     Testing continuity

5.     Testing frequency

1.     LCR meter- An LCR meter is a type of electronic test equipment used to measure the inductance (L), capacitance (C), and resistance (R) of an electronic component^[1]. In the simpler versions of this instrument the impedance was measured internally and converted for display to the corresponding capacitance or inductance value. Readings should be reasonably accurate if the capacitor or inductor device under test does not have a significant resistive component of impedance. 

2.     pH meter- A pH meter is a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogen-ion activity in water-based solutions, indicating its acidity or alkalinity expressed as pH. The pH meter measures the difference in electrical potential between a pH electrode and a reference electrode, and so the pH meter is sometimes referred to as a "potentiometric pH meter".

NUR HAZWANI BINTI SADONG 
65074

An analog instrument is defined as the instrument whose output is the continuous function of the time and have a constant relation to the input. Physical quantity such as voltage, current, power and energy are measured through the analog instruments. This type of instrument use pointer or dial for indicating the magnitude of the measured quantity. One of the analog instruments is a pressure gauge. This pressure gauge allows a fluid to enter from the equipment that being measured and reacts by moving a calibrated rod inside it. For an example, in measure the pressure of a tire, the gauge on the valve stem is placed to the tire and pin is press to let the pressurized air rush to the gauge. Piston inside the gauge will travels a distance that matches the air. When it disengages form the valve stem, a spring inside the gauge pushes piston back to its original position. One of the disadvantages of pressure gauge is it only can measure to the specific maximum. Digital instrument is an instrument that produce an output that varies in discrete steps so can only have a finite number of values. This instrument is applied on the vinyl record compared to the compact disc. A vinyl record known as an analog recording device where its records sound at exactly the time is detected. On the other hand, A CD records sound at the best approximation of the detected time that allowed by its discrete storage units. 
Patrose Abell Anak Musi (68711)

Galvanometer is one of the analogue instruments. Galvanometer is a sensitive device used to detect very low current and mostly used in bridges and potentiometer for showing the zero current.  It is working based on the principle that a coil placed in a uniform magnetic field experiences a torque when an electric current is set up in it. A needle is attached at the end of the coil to show a deflection that prove a current is exist. The deflection of the needle is directly proportional to the magnitude of current flows through it. A galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter of desired range by connecting a suitable high resistance in series. The range of the voltmeter depends on the value of the resistance connected in series with the circuit. The galvanometer is also used as an ammeter by connecting a very low resistance known as shunt resistance is connected in parallel with the galvanometer. A major early use for galvanometers was for finding faults in telecommunications cables. Galvanometer mechanisms were also used to position the pens in analogue strip chart recorders such as used in electrocardiographs, electroencephalographs and polygraphs. Galvanometer mechanisms were also used in exposure mechanisms in film cameras. Most modern uses for the galvanometer mechanism are in positioning and control systems. Mirror galvanometers are used as beam steering and beam positioning elements in laser scanning technology. 

Anatassia Lampai anak Abut (64634)

 

•Analog

Use needle as an indicator on its scale.

Accurate but not precise.

Hard to read compare to digital.

Cheaper.

The user must have analog instruments reading skills.

 

•Digital

Use LCD to display its measurement.

Accurate and precise.

Easier to read.

Expensive

Does not require cutting edge skill compare to analog.

 

Conclusion

Digital instrument is better since it is easier and more accurate and precise but from other point of view, analog instrument is cheaper when considering the user have a tight budget.

 

Digital instrument is an instrument that represents the measured value in the form of the digital number. It works on the principle of quantization. The quantization is the process of converting the continuous input signal into a countable output signal. Digital instrument consume less power compared to analogue instruments. Digital clock is one of the application of digital instrument that we uses in real life
Muhammad Iman Saufi Bin Nordin
(64947). 

 

What is Analog and Digital Instrument?

Analog :
The instrument which gives output that varies continuously as quantity to be measured.(definition)
1) Less accurate .
2) Required more power.
3) High sensitivity.
4) Cheap.
5)  Extremely portable and low resolution.
Application :
Clock, ammeter and thermometer.

DIgital :
The instrument which gives output that varies in discrete steps and only has finite number of values.(definition)
1) More accurate.
2) Less power.
3) Low sensitivity.
4) Expensive.
5) Not easily portable and high resolution.
Application:
PCs, CDs, DVDs, and PDAs.