I learned that digital literacy includes the ability to understand and use information, media, and technology effectively.I learned different types of digital literacies, implications of digital literacy as well as how digital literacy can work in teacher's professional development.

b)Connection with my previous understanding

Previously I shared various things without fact-checking, believed the story and was manipulated by the news.After studying the topic, now I understand why knowledge about digital literacy matters and this is how it connects what I already know and have experienced.

c)Could have done differently to teach

I think videos, picture and real life activities can be done to make understand the topic .Group study and role play etc could have been done to teach the topic and to engage the students.This topic can also be taught by using technology.

I learned that digital citizenship refers to the responsible and safe use of technology in online.I also learned the 9 crucial elements of digital citizenship and now I am much more aware about digital citizenship.

b)Connection with my previous understanding

This really resonates with my own pandemic experience, where everything shifted online and I understood how to act responsibly there. I saw how quickly digital competence became a must-have skill and now I know elaborately about digital citizenship and I am connecting those experience with my learning.

c)Could have done differently to teach

This topic can be taught by reflecting real online situations like privacy issues,cyber bullying etc.This can also be taught by listening student's own experience while using digital platform and asking their digital ethics.

From this lesson, I learned that Technology-Enhanced Language Learning (TELL) is a field that explores the usage of technology in language education.I learned about different theories TELL for example Constructivism,behaviourism,cognitive load theory,multiple intelligences,comprehensible input etc.Activities in TELL allows class discussion, group work,games etc.

b)Connection with my previous understanding

I learned this topic previously in my courses Discourse analysis, Principles and methods of ELT etc.But the term TELL was new to me.Though I could connect the theoretical background of TELL in my practical learning. 

c)Could have done differently to teach

As theories are difficult to understand, I think implementation or practical usage of this topic could help us to connect with our studies. 

I learned the contribution of computer assisted language learning in language teaching and learning. I also learned about the three phases of the development of CALL by Warschauer's model and Bax's alternative model.I acquired knowledge about computer's role as tutor, tutee and tool argued by Taylor(1980). Computer based technology, powerpoint,games etc helped our learning.I also noticed the transformation from mainframe to mobile(CALL) to mobile devices,tablet,virtual worlds etc(TELL).

b)Connection with my previous understanding

I gained knowledge from CALL. Now I am in the era of TELL.So I could connect my understanding and learning with my experience. 

c)Could have done differently to teach

This learning could have done differently by using practical use of technology and sharing experience of our previous learning and now TELL based learning. Language lab for practical use could have been more helpful.

I learned how to enhance my reading skill by using technology. CMC tools, speech synthesis etc are the most common tools.I learned  about diffit for teachers, gitmind (creating outline) etc which is helpful technology. 

b)Connection with my previous understanding

I used websites for practicing reading comprehension from ielts liz. But I didn’t have previous experience of using the websites.

c)Could have done differently to teach

The elaborative discussion of the use of these tools and theories behind it would have been done to teach so that students can connect the learning.

I understood the use of writing tools in enhancing writing skill.Google docs, Microsoft etc familiar apps were discussed as well as

‘Linguistic Feedback Tool’ (LiFT) which helps students identify  their language errors in writing.Tools like google docs help us to identify our errors which enhance accuracy in our writing. 

b)Connection with my previous understanding

I have used google docs for writing assignments and various things.So this experience helps me to connect this with my previous understanding. 

c)Could have done differently to teach

If the technology were used practically in the classroom, it would have been easy to connect the topic and the theoretical basis of this topic.

I got to know about various applications to enhance my listening and speaking skills, for example, eslvideo.com,BBC learn English, digitalbook.io etc.

b)Connection with my previous understanding

I used different speaking and listening tools for my speaking course in the first year.This experience helped me to connect this learning. I used Duolingo and speech transcription  technologies which helped me connect my previous understanding. 

c)Could have done differently to teach

A group task and everyone’s experience about using the tool would have been done to teach this topic which could have been engaging and interactive

This class was really helpful as I gave a presentation on this topic.In this topic,uses of technology for grammar and vocabulary, pixton.com(for making comic strips for teaching), Educaplay(for creating games),puzzle.org etc were taught. Using these tools,I learned about ways to improve my grammar and vocabulary.

b)Connection with my previous understanding

I have used different tools for enhancing my grammar and vocabulary knowledge like duolingo.But these tools were new to me. I have made a presentation using pixton.com and educaplay for creating game which gave me pragmatic knowledge about the use of this apps

c)Could have done differently to teach

The teacher showed us the way to use the apps and features. I think nothing needs to be added to this question.

Before learning this course,I didn’t felt that social media can be used for our learning and for the term social media I used to think about facebook. But after this class, no I understand that social media is a set of online tools that offer users the ability to create and consume.Social media includes facebook,twitter,online discussion board,wikis,video sharing (youtube,TED),blogs etc.Social media allows to send message to larger audience which offers asynchronous and synchronous communication. Social media helps students to enhance pragmatic and interactional norm knowledge, understand community membership, intercultural communication which are beyond the help of enhancing listening, speaking, reading, writing.

b)Connection with my previous understanding

This connects with my own experiences of using social media for learning. I have joined English learning groups on Facebook and followed educational pages where people share vocabulary and practice writing. I have also seen teachers using WhatsApp,Google classroom to give feedback or share materials. These experiences made me realize that learning on social media feels less formal but often more engaging and continuous.Previously I didn’t know the pragmatic and interactional knowledge enhancement matter,understanding community membership, intercultural communication which are beyond 4 skills of learning. Now I noticed the things which make me more engaging with the medias and make me understand the art of noticing.

c)Could have done differently to teach

I think this topic could have been taught better if we had been asked to actually use a social media platform for a small language task—for example, writing short posts, commenting in English, or creating a learning group. This would let us experience both the benefits and the challenges directly. Also, it would help to talk about possible problems, like distractions or privacy issues, so that the picture is more balanced.

I learned that corpus is the database of language and representative of a language. For example BNC(British National Corpus),BAWE(British Academic writing English),Englishcorpora.org etc.I gained knowledge about direct and indirect use of corpora.I also learned about Concordance. Concordance is a tool/output from the corpus to analyze language patterns.For example searching “environment” to see its usage.I also learned about the use of corpus in teaching and learning language.

b)Connection with my previous understanding

I had no previous understanding in this topic.But when learning I could connect my understanding of corpus with a dictionary. I thought it was like that but then I understood the huge frequency of words, structures

grammatical and lexical patterns a corpus reveals.

c)Could have done differently to teach

It could have been easier if the teacher discussed the topic more elaborately and in a practical way with its pragmatic usage.

I gained more knowledge about online learning.I learned that online learning is also known as web enhanced learning. I knew about MOOCs(Massive open online course),virtual world and commercial providers(Rosetta Stone,Duolingo). I noticed the massive use of Zoom features like non-verbal feedback icons, chat, breakout rooms etc.

b)Connection with my previous understanding

This connects strongly with my own experiences during the pandemic when classes shifted online.I experienced screen fatigue and saw how difficult it was for teachers to gauge attention without paralinguistic cues.I could connect my pandemic time online learning experience through this topic and now know more specific diction and usage of online learning.

c)Could have done differently to teach

I think, if the features were shown practically, it could have been more engaging.A comparison between online teaching applications would have helped more in connecting this topic and group work would have been more interactive and engaging.

I heard this term before but elaborative knowledge enhanced my understanding. I knew about the broadness of blended learning though there is ambiguity with its definition.It combines online and face to face learning. There is conceptualisation for blended learning.

b)Connection with my previous understanding

In the time of heat wave,our class was held online and offline in both way.Teacher called it hybrid class which includes both online and offline learning.But I didn’t know it was also known as blended learning which is a buzz word.So after this class I knew more about it which enhanced my previous understanding.

c)Could have done differently to teach

I think blended learning could have been presented with more clear examples of classroom implementation—for instance, a case where a lesson is divided between online (watching a lecture video) and in-class application (group discussion or role-play).This things were done previously in our class but if it could have done in this class, it would have been more engaging.After this students would notice the differences which could have used to teach this topic and make it more interactive.

I learned that gamification and game-based language learning are not the same, though they are often connected. Gamification refers to using game elements like points, badges, and leaderboards in non-game contexts for example using kahoot while game-based learning uses actual games as the medium of instruction which gives actual experience for example duolingo.Research shows that both approaches increase learner motivation, engagement, and participation.I learned about the difference between gamification, game based learning and serious games which is created only for education purpose.

b) Connection with my previous understanding

This connects with my prior experiences in classrooms where teachers used small competitive activities such as quizzes. I remembered the using of Kahoot in a class where I ranked first place and it gave me encouragement and inspiration..Even in my own learning, I have noticed that when language practice feels like a game, I stay more focused and retain vocabulary better. I also recall using mobile language apps like Duolingo, which applies gamification strategies (streaks, rewards, progress bars). These experiences helped me understand why the research emphasizes motivation and learner autonomy in gamified environments.

c) Could have done differently to teach

By including more comparative analysis between conventional teaching methods and gamified/game-based methods, the way this topic was taught could have been improved. One way to illustrate the difference in learner engagement and achievement would be to compare the results of a gamified vocabulary lesson with those of a traditional vocabulary lesson. To make the discussion more balanced, it could also talk about the problems of using gamification, like not always having the right technology or students becoming too focused on rewards instead of real learning.This would give a more comprehensive picture of how gamification can be used in language classrooms in a practical way.

I learned that augmented reality or AR creates a mix of the real world and the virtual world whereas virtual reality or VR creates the entire virtual world. I also learned about the classroom implementation of ar and vr which make the learning more engaging and interesting for students.

b)Connection with my previous understanding

I saw the use of VR in movies like Jurassic Park and used vr in games.This understanding helped me to connect with my learning. Now I understand more about the use of ar and vr in teaching and learning.

c)Could have done differently to teach

This class was taken online. I think it would have been better if the class was conducted in a hybrid or blended way. We could have understood more practically the uses of ar and vr in teaching and learning.

I gained knowledge about various lesson rubrics, presentation form and slides.The AI which were taught are PI,presentation.Ai,magicschool.ai etc.I also learned the implementation of ai in teaching and learning.

b)Connection with my previous understanding

It was very helpful to know these tools.I use ai in my daily life. So I could connect my understanding with this topic.

c)Could have done differently to teach

It could have been better if the teacher discussed the topic, background more elaborately from the research paper.But the class was practical as the teacher taught how to use those tools practically.