Edible Essentials for Linguistics by Lisa Martin https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm Made with a dash of diversity en-us 2018-10-24 23:53:58 UTC 2018-11-03 16:03:06 UTC hello@padlet.com 10D: Resources ~ vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296721331 Mom ( Randell, Giles and Smith 1996)
I Love You More (Duksta 2007)
The Reading Detective Club (Goodman 1999)]]> 2018-10-24 23:53:58 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296721331 10C: Acquisition View ~ vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296721332 Silent way, CALLA and SIOP can be used in lessons that combine academic content with specific skills and manipulatives.]]> 2018-10-24 23:53:58 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296721332 10B: Learning View ~ vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296721333 1. In the grammar translation method syntax is taught directly and students study the order.

2. In the direct method, there is a vocabulary focus taught through exercises. 

3. ALM uses dialogues, drills and role play for basic sentences.

4. Notional Functional is focused  on role plays and exercises as well but the actual syntax is not taught directly.

5. Suggestopedia is indirectly taught through more exercises and role plays. ]]> 2018-10-24 23:53:58 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296721333 Chapter 10A: Teaching Syntax to ELLS vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296721334 * Teachers can use their knowledge to teach syntax in reading by referring to the order of words and phrases in sentences.]]> 2018-10-24 23:53:58 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296721334 9D: Tree Diagrams vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296721335 Tree diagrams also known as phrase makers are built to visually represent the structure of sentences and the function of phrases. ]]> 2018-10-24 23:53:58 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296721335 9C: Theory of Syntax vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296727682 First, the speech stream is broken into discreet units. Then, the units are categorized. Next, the units are grouped and finally, dependencies are found among the units. ]]> 2018-10-25 00:34:11 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296727682 9B: Four Views of Grammar vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296727831 1. Functional Command - internalized rules and universal grammar.

2. Syntactic Structure - humans acquire rules for grammar. Two levels of language: surface structure and deep structure.

3. Rhetorically Effective - language used for describing, explaining or persuading.

4. Prescriptions - correct spelling and writing. Teachers should have pedagogical knowledge.

]]> 2018-10-25 00:34:59 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296727831 Chapter 9A: English Syntax vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296727865 * words combined to create phrases and clauses in a sentence of a language.
* Languages have the same building blocks, but they arrange them differently. 
*Syntax synonymous with grammar.]]> 2018-10-25 00:35:07 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296727865 8D: Resources ~ vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296727926 The Vocabulary Book: Learning and Instruction, Graves (2006)

Wordsift
- an internet tool used  to build academic vocabulary for emergent biliguals.

 ]]> 2018-10-25 00:35:29 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296727926 8C: Acquisition View ~ vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296727955 Silent Way uses cuisenaire rods to show morphemes in words. Students manipulate this hands on activity. 

Community Language Learning and Problem Posing
Total Physical Response
Natural Approach have no explicit attention in these methods.

CALLA SIOP take morphology to a contextualized and rationalist way to teach academic language.]]> 2018-10-25 00:35:40 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296727955 8B: Learning View ~ vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728026 Grammar translation will teach students verb conjugations directly. Other aspects of grammar will also be included.

Direct method will improve communication through contextualized activities.

Audio-lingual method, notional Functional and Suggestopedia are done through drills and role play.]]> 2018-10-25 00:36:05 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728026 Chapter 8A: The Natural Order Hypothesis related to Morphology and Teaching Reading of a Second Language vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728104 * Krashen's NOH is based on morpheme studies. In second language methods, the learning view gives more attention to direct teaching of morphology than to an acquisition. 

Spotlight on Vocabulary: Provide rich and varied language experiences, teach individual words, teach word-learning strategies and foster word consciousness. ]]> 2018-10-25 00:36:25 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728104 7D: Resources ~ vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728129 A Cache of Jewels and Other Collective Nouns (1987)
Many Luscious Lollipops (1989)
- a book about adjectives
Kites Sail High (1988)
 - a books about verbs
Up, Up, and Away (1991)
- a book about adverbs

I own many of Ruth Heller's books and they are wonderful!]]> 2018-10-25 00:36:31 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728129 7C: More Morphs ~ vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728156 Words are classified into groups: content and functional. Content words are nouns, verbs, adjective and adverbs. Functional words are necessary fillers such as determiners and quantifiers. 
D = the, this, my
Q = one, every, several

Traditional approaches:
As adults we remember learning the main parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and last but not least interjections. 
* Scientific evidence claims that the study of grammar does not improve reading and writing skills (Weaver 2008)

English contains affixes, which means parts that attach to the beginnings and ends of words.
example: reread, prewrite

 Some language have infixes, which are inserted in the middle of words. example: Indonesia...
gembung means bloated...
gELembung means bubble.

]]> 2018-10-25 00:36:41 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728156 7B: Theory of 'Morph' ~ vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728201 Morphology ... Morphemes
1. Break the speech stream into discrete units. example
1 morph - dog
2 morphs - dogs = dog + s
3 morphs - prefixes = pre+fix+es

2. Catergorize the Units.
example - cats 
Free Morphemes - cat
Bounds Morphemes - s
Affixes - prefixes and suffixes
Affixes can be inflectional or derivational. Inflectional are all suffixes in English. example of a derivational - work to worker. The meaning has been changed. 

3. Grouping the Units: simple, complex, compound, and finally compound complex. example: 
bug, bugs, birdbath, birdbaths 

4. Find dependencies - There is no general rule but it depends on roots and base words.
example: replacement
re + place + ment ]]> 2018-10-25 00:36:57 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728201 Chapter 7A: English Morphology ~ to be a word or not to be a word... vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728224 Words are seperated by spaces in most modern languages. Easy to see in writing but difficult to hear in oral language. 
*Psychological units, not physical units. 
* Children hardly ever leave spaces when they are writing ~ Now it finally makes sense why!

Why is it so hard to understand? So many different languages. Some are analytic and some are synthetic. 
What does this mean? Some languages connect words and make one or connect many words to make one word phrase.

* New words continuously enter a language. They are coined, compounds, or borrowed. 
* Word formation rules differ by language. Finding and looking at the base word gives the best clue.]]> 2018-10-25 00:37:05 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728224 6D: Historical takeaway... vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728246 5,000 years ago - traces of writing all over the world.

3300 BC - Cuniform (Sumerians living in Mesopotamia)
3200 BC - Egyptian Hieroglyphics
1700-1500 BC - Mediterranean pictograph, or ideographic
1500 BC - Ugarit, Syria (marks represent sound)
1200-1100 BC - Phoenician Alphabet
1200-1050 BC - Traces of Chinese Characters (writing had actually developed even earlier)
***
450-1100 - Old English
1100-1500 - Middle English
1283 - Thai Script
1443 - Korean Hangul Script
1476 - England's First Printing Press
1500 - The Great Vowel Shift
1500-Present - Modern English
1755 - Dictionary Published
1800 - Cherokee Syllabary

]]> 2018-10-25 00:37:11 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728246 6C: Aquisition View ~ vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728269 Teachers involve students on word focus activities, the class discusses different spellings of words, teacher involves students in investigating the patterns and blends lessons into reading and writing activities. 
*Investigating patterns such as CVC, CVCe, the spellings of /k/, consonant doubling and silent e.
* Use activities that include unscrambling word puzzles or jumbles, word games.
* Try extensive reading and writing combined. 
Resources ~ Palidromes ~ "Agee's Sit on a Potato Pan, Otis! (1999)
The Online Etymology Dictionary]]> 2018-10-25 00:37:17 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728269 6B: Learning View ~ vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728390 Predominant in American Schools...Teacher assigns list, students practice lists through repetition and sentences, test and possible spelling bees. 
* Rote Memorization 
* Explicitly Teach Homophones:
Resources ~
The King Who Rained (1988)
Chocolate Moose for Dinner (1988)
Eight Ate: A Feast of Homonym Riddles (1982)]]> 2018-10-25 00:37:52 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728390 Chapter 6A: English Orthography... Spelling ~ systematic study or scientific. Bad speller doesn't prove to be a bad student. According to Krashen "no correlation between the amount of time devoted to spelling and spelling achievement as measure on tested involving words in sentences and compositions." vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728458 It's common in the early stages for student to invent spellings. English writers will naturally begin with consonants and later add in vowels.
*English is Complex ~ words with silent letters, words look the same but sound different and vice versa. 

]]> 2018-10-25 00:38:10 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728458 5D: Resources ~ vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728603 A Twister of Twists, a Tangler of Tongues (Schwartz 1972)
Rhymes and Reasons: LIterature and Language Play for Phonological Awareness (2002)
Annie, Bea, and Chi Chi Dolores (Maurer 1969)
ABC and You (Fernandes (1996)
It Begins with an A (Calmenson 1993)
The Disappearing Alphabet Book (Wilbur 1997)
The Icky Bug Alphabet Book (Pallotta 1986)
Books by... (J. Prelutsky)

]]> 2018-10-25 00:38:52 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728603 5C: Acquisition View ~ vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728644 Several Rationalist Views are as follows:
Silent way is when the teacher says something and the students try to repeat.
Community Language Learning allows the teacher to translate and students also repeat.
Problem Posing - more communication - less correct pronunciation.
Total Physical Response - gives emphasis on listening and physical responding. 
Natural Approach - gives time for students to go through stages and emerge at a natural rate.
The Calla SIOP's focus is on content, not pronunciation.
Graphophonic knowledge ~ students will interact with interesting texts, gradually acquire skills for syntactic and sematic clues and will construct meaning.
Balanced Reading: Read alouds, shared reading, guided reading, independent reading. 
Thematic Studies or Units]]> 2018-10-25 00:39:05 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728644 5B: Learning View ~ vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728779 Grammar translation method allows students to study parts of the language and translate.
Direct method includes communicative activities  used to develop correct pronunciation.
Empiricist methods of audio lingual, notional functional and Suggestopedia also focus on pronunciation through the use of  drills and role play.
Phonological Awareness through the use of rhymes, alliteration and and syllable tasks for phoneme segmentation and manipulation.
Additional Lessons on phonemic awareness, names and sounds of letters and phonics rules.  
* The Southwest Regional Laboratory Study analysis showed that there are too many phonics rules and exceptions.

]]> 2018-10-25 00:39:49 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728779 Chapter 5A: Second Languages, whether spoken, written or read... acquired or learned. A cause for debate and a plethora of theories and methods to choose for the basis of instruction. The options may outweigh each other, so find a balance. vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728798 Conscious versus Subconscious ]]> 2018-10-25 00:39:54 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296728798 4D: Phonemes ~ Sounds parts that distinguish one word from another. The Physiology of Speech ~ including all vowels and consonants and how they are produced. Group the Units ~ Vowels or Consonants Voiced or Unvoiced Long, Short or Reduced High, Back, Low Dependencies ~ unwritten rules, nasals and stops, plurals, and combinations. vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296732079 2018-10-25 00:57:35 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296732079 4C: Sounds and Speech productions are biologically connected to brain development. Liguistics scientifically study language and describe Four Main Steps by breaking the speech into discreet units, catergorizing the units, grouping the units and finding dependencies among the units. vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296732100 2018-10-25 00:57:42 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296732100 4B: Linguistic studies of communication explain how "Polysemy" aka "words with more than one meaning", make it challenging for Emergent Biliguals to learn vocabulary...this is only part of the story... Accurate information and successful understanding for ELLs is also contingient upon Grice's cooperative principles: Maxims of quality, quanity, relation and manner. vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296732182 2018-10-25 00:58:16 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296732182 Chapter 4A: The Communication of English Phonology is sometimes taken for granted...It is much more complex than it seems. Listeners and Speakers encode and decode ideas through acoustic signals. vendella1980 https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296732248 2018-10-25 00:58:38 UTC https://padlet.com/vendella1980/4mt6vrjmfvfm/wish/296732248