Ureters

Bladder

Urethra

• Lower UTI: involves the bladder and structures below the bladder

• Upper UTI: involves kidneys and ureters

Urinary incontinence: unplanned, involuntary, or uncontrollable urine loss from the bladder. There are several types of urinary incontinence.

Pyelonephritis (can be acute or chronic): bacterial infection of the renal pelvis, tubules, and the interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys.

• Urine color, clarity, and odor

• Used to detect protein, glucose, and ketone bodies in the urine

• Microscopic examination of urine sediment can detect RBCs, WBCs, crystals, and bacteria

  
  

Performed to divert urine from the bladder to a new exit site. This is usually performed when a bladder tumor requires cystectomy. This procedure is also performed to manage birth defects, trauma to the ureters or urethra, and chronic infection causing severe urethral and kidney damage. It can also be used as a last resort to manage urinary incontinence.

a) bladder and urethra

b) adrenal gland and nephrons

c) kidneys and ureters

2) True or false: there are several different types of urinary incontinence

3) Fill in the blank:

The urinary system plays a role in regulating _ _ _ _ _ and

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ balance.