Unit 3 Padlet by Gretchen Ann Farmer

I can compare and contrast sensation and perception and understand how they relate to bottom-up and top-down processing.

gretchenfar5676 — 2016-10-12 12:31:16 UTC

Perceptual set influenced by surroundings

Priming- manipulate the perceptual set and ones perception

Sensation- bottom up

Perception- top down

Top down processing changes how features are perceived because it changes how we infer sensation around us, depends on knowledge around us and sort through info and have expectation about how things usually look so it can change to look like something else when it looks like it should be something else.

The Cambridge reading test is perception

The awareness test is sensation

In attention all blindness- don't see things when not focused on it

Change blindness- change to the environment

Difference threshold is not linear

Jnd is Weber law

Absolute threshold vs difference threshold- minimum of stimulation and amount it must be changed to detect it 50% of the time

Top down- background

I can understand the difference between absolute, sublimial, and difference thresholds.

gretchenfar5676 — 2016-10-12 12:31:31 UTC

JND is a constant fraction/ proportion of original stimulus
(bright color needs to have even brighter difference to be able to notice a difference)
-Signal detection theory= predicts when and how we detect the presence of a faint stimulus; looks at the effects of distractions and interference in perception

I can understand parts and the path of vision.

gretchenfar5676 — 2016-10-13 12:27:54 UTC

Today in class we learned about the parts of the eye. The lens is flexible and allows our eye to change shape.We see images upside down and the fovea and optic nerve switch it back. Where the optic nerve meets the retina is the blindspot. The cornea protects the eye and is a transparent layer. The iris is what gives our eye color. The lens focuses light onto the retina (upside down image) by changing curvature. The optic nerve carries visual info to the thalamus and then the occipital lobe (brain). The optic chiasm is the spot where nerves cross each other (left to right). The lateral geniculate nucleus is an area in the thalamus that interprets images (turns them right side up). The path of vision is cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, retina, and fovea.

I can learn color theories and visual cues.

gretchenfar5676 — 2016-10-14 12:31:28 UTC

Today in class we learned about color and vision. I learned how Hubel and Weisel were testing the firing of neurons in the brain and they tested their theories on a cat.
-Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Tyeory- each cone is maximally sensitive to 1 of 3 colors (Red, green, or blue); does not explain afterimages and colorblindness
-when you stare at 1 or 2 colors cones become saturated and when you look at white you see the opposite colors
-Monochromatic (black and white)
-Dichromats (r/g, y/b)
-Trichromats (normal color vision)
-Opponent Process Theory (red and green, blue and yellow and black and white); explains colorblindness
-Both theories are correct
individual cones- trichromatic theory
-opponent process- other layers of the retina
Surrounding Context- color of the object changes is view with other colors

I can differentiate between binocular and monocular cues.

gretchenfar5676 — 2016-10-17 12:35:54 UTC

-Color Constancy- perception of familiar objects as having consistent colors, even if changing illumination (We think of apples as red, but there are also green ones)
-Figure-ground= we organize info into a figure seen against a ground
-Connectedness- when linked, we see spots, lines or areas as a single unit
-Continuity- smooth, continuous patterns
-Depth perception- dimensions fall on retina, perceive as 3D, we estimate distance (visual cliff) (Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk)- by six months we can see depth
-Visual Constancy (color, shape, size, location, and brightness)
-Monocular cues- interposition (one object block view of another), relative size (assumption that two objects are similar size, one closer has a larger retinal image), relative clarity/ aerial perspective (perception that hazy objects are farther away than sharp objects), texture gradient (coarse, distinct texture is closer than finer, indistinct texture), relative height (objects higher in field of vision appear farther away (vertical dimensions appear longer than horizontal)
relative motion- movement of self causes stable items to appear to move, nearest object appears to move faster
Linear perspective- parallel lines appear to converge in distance (people over estimate train's distance)
Light and Shadow-nearby objects reflect more light into eyes (dimmer objects appear farther away)
Muller Lyer Illusion-
<----> >----< lines are the same length but look different
retinal disparity- difference between sight/views of 2 eyes
convergence- cue for perceiving depth; eyes converge inward toward object (Ponzo effect, Muller Lyer Illusion)
Stereoscopic vision- combining 2 retinal images to get 3D perception
Autokinetic illusion- perceived motion created by single stationary object (sight movement of eye muscles make object move)
Stroboscopic movement- motion pciture
Phi Phenomenon- illusion of Lights (blinking on and off)
Assumption- closer object gets larger
Sound:
Monaural- louder sound means closer sound
Binaural cue- stereophonic, stero; multi directional audio perspective

I can learn and understand about the structure of the ear.

gretchenfar5676 — 2016-10-18 12:33:23 UTC

The pinna is the outer, visible layer of the ear (helps us locate sound, funnels sound waves inside). The ear canal allows sound to travel through the ear. When sound travels into the ear and hits the eardrum, it vibrates. The three bones that make up the osacles are: hammer, anvil, and stirrup. Vibration of the stirrup hitting the oval window, allow it to open, letting the sound you hear transfer from air to liquid. Then goes into the cochlea (inner ear). The base of it (bazzler membrane) has tiny hair cells that vibrate in the liquid form (change them into electrical signals for the brain) . Cochlea to the auditory nerve to the temporal lobe in the brain. Eustachian tube- connects your ear to your throat.

I can prepare for the FRQ and multiple choice test.

gretchenfar5676 — 2016-10-26 12:36:33 UTC

The parts of this unit that I need to go over most is the eye and color theories, monocular cues, and binocular cues. The arguments for getting a cochlear implant include that it is