Chase's Research Project by Teresa McKenzie https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c California en-us 2018-03-08 15:18:36 UTC 2018-05-10 12:57:58 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Pictureland.png the nickname for california is the gold state bthom2026 https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/240248547 2018-03-09 16:46:44 UTC https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/240248547 State song(s): "I Love You, California bthom2026 https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/240928536 2018-03-12 15:27:08 UTC https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/240928536 EnglishSpoken languages Native languages as of 2007English 57.4%[2]Spanish 28.5%[3]Chinese 2.8%[3]Filipino 2.2%[3] bthom2026 https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/240928851 2018-03-12 15:27:37 UTC https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/240928851 California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States of America. With 39.5 million residents, California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. The state capital is Sacramento. The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, with 18.7 million and 8.8 million residents respectively.[12] Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second-most populous, after New York City. California also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County; its largest county by area, San Bernardino County; and its fifth most densely populated county, San Francisco.California's $2.717 trillion economy is larger than that of any other state.[13] Overall, California pays more in taxes than any other state — $405 billion, or about 12% of all taxes paid in the country.[14] If it were a country, California would be the 5th largest economy in the world,[15] and the 36th most populous.[16] The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and third-largest urban economies, after the New York metropolitan area.[17] The San Francisco Bay Area combined statistical area has the nation's highest GDP per capita,[17] and is home to four of the world's ten largest companies by market capitalization[18] and four of the world's ten richest people.[19]California is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture, innovation, and politics. It is the origin of the film industry, the hippie counterculture, the Internet,[20] and the personal computer, among others. The San Francisco Bay Area and the Greater Los Angeles Area are widely seen as centers of the global technology and entertainment industries, respectively. California has a very diverse economy: 58% of the state's economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services.[21] Although it accounts for only 1.5% of the state's economy,[21] California's agriculture industry has the highest output of any U.S. state.[22][23][24][25]California is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and the Mexican state of Baja California to the south. The state's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west to the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the east, and from the redwood–Douglas fir forests in the northwest to the Mojave Desert in the southeast. The Central Valley, a major agricultural area, dominates the state's center. Though California is well-known for its warm Mediterranean climate, the large size of the state results in climates that vary from moist temperate rainforest in the north to arid desert in the interior, as well as snowy alpine in the mountains.What is now California was first settled by various Native Californian tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries. The Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its successful war for independence but was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican–American War. The western portion of Alta California then was organized and admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850. The California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. bthom2026 https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/240929833 2018-03-12 15:29:06 UTC https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/240929833 This article is about the U.S. city. For the county in California, see Los Angeles County, California. For other uses, see Los Angeles (disambiguation)."L.A." and "City of Los Angeles" redirect here. For the state abbreviated as LA, see Louisiana. For other uses, see L.A. (disambiguation) and City of Los Angeles (disambiguation).Los Angeles, CaliforniaCityCity of Los AngelesLos Angeles skylineHollywood Sign Griffith ObservatoryLos Angeles City Hall Theme Building at Los Angeles International AirportVincent Thomas Bridge Venice BeachClockwise from top: Downtown Los Angeles skyline, Griffith Observatory, Theme Building at Los Angeles International Airport, Venice Beach, Vincent Thomas Bridge, Los Angeles City Hall, Hollywood SignFlag of Los Angeles, CaliforniaFlag Official seal of Los Angeles, CaliforniaSealNickname(s): "L.A.", "City of Angels",[1] "Angeltown",[2] "The Entertainment Capital of the World", "The Big Orange",[1] "La-la-land", "Tinseltown"[1]Location in Los Angeles County in the state of CaliforniaLocation in Los Angeles County in the state of CaliforniaLos Angeles is located in California Los AngelesLos AngelesLocation in the United StatesShow map of CaliforniaShow map of the USShow allCoordinates: 34°03′N 118°15′WCoordinates: 34°03′N 118°15′WCountry United StatesState CaliforniaCounty Los AngelesCSA Los Angeles-Long BeachMSA Los Angeles-Long Beach-AnaheimPueblo September 4, 1781[3]City status May 23, 1835[4]Incorporated April 4, 1850[5]Named for Our Lady, Queen of the AngelsGovernment • Type Mayor-Council-Commission[6] • Body Los Angeles City Council • Mayor Eric Garcetti[7] • City Attorney Mike Feuer[7] • City Controller Ron Galperin[7]Area[8] • City 502.76 sq mi (1,302.15 km2) • Land 468.74 sq mi (1,214.03 km2) • Water 34.02 sq mi (88.12 km2) 6.7%Elevation[9] 305 ft (93 m)Highest elevation[10] 5,074 ft (1,547 m)Lowest elevation[10] 0 ft (0 m)Population (2010)[11] • City 3,792,621 • Estimate (2016)[12] 3,976,322 • Rank 1st, California2nd, U.S. • Density 8,483.02/sq mi (3,275.32/km2) • Urban[13] 12,150,996 • Metro[14] 13,131,431 • CSA[15] 18,679,763 (US: 2nd)Demonym(s) AngelenoTime zone Pacific (UTC−8) • Summer (DST) PDT (UTC−7)ZIP Codes List[show]Area codes 213/323, 310/424, 747/818FIPS code 06-44000GNIS feature IDs 1662328, 2410877Website Official websiteLos Angeles (/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ (About this sound listen);[17] Spanish for "The Angels"; Spanish pronunciation: [los ˈaŋxeles]), officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A., is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a U.S. Census-estimated 2016 population of 3,976,322,[18] it is the second most populous city in the United States (after New York City) and the most populous city in the state of California. Located in a large coastal basin surrounded on three sides by mountains reaching up to and over 10,000 feet (3,000 m), Los Angeles covers an area of about 469 square miles (1,210 km2).[19] The city is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the country. Los Angeles is the center of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, with 13,131,431 residents,[20] and is part of the larger designated Los Angeles-Long Beach combined statistical area (CSA), the second most populous in the nation with a 2015 estimated population of 18.7 million.[21]Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was officially founded on September 4, 1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence. In 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4, 1850, five months before California achieved statehood. The discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city.[22] The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, later assured the city's continued rapid growth.Nicknamed the "City of Angels" in part because of how its name translates from the Spanish, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. The city is also one of the most substantial economic engines within the nation, with a diverse economy in a broad range of professional and cultural fields. Los Angeles is also famous as the home of Hollywood, a major center of the world entertainment industry. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index and 9th in the Global Economic Power Index. The Los Angeles combined statistical area (CSA) also has a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of $831 billion (as of 2008), making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. Los Angeles hosted the 1932 and 1984 Summer Olympics and will host the Olympic Games for a third time in 2028. bthom2026 https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/242004483 2018-03-14 17:15:26 UTC https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/242004483 California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States of America. With 39.5 million residents, California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. The state capital is Sacramento. The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, with 18.7 million and 8.8 million residents respectively.[12] Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second-most populous, after New York City. California also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County; its largest county by area, San Bernardino County; and its fifth most densely populated county, San Francisco.California's $2.75 trillion economy is larger than that of any other state.[13] If it were a country, California would be the 5th largest economy in the world,[14] and the 36th most populous as of 2017.[15] The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and third-largest urban economies ($1,199 billion and $821 billion respectively as of 2016).[16] The San Francisco Bay Area combined statistical area has the nation's highest GDP per capita (~$94,000 as of 2016),[17] and is home to four of the world's ten largest companies by market capitalization[18] and four of the world's ten richest people.[19]California is considered a global trendsetter in popular culture, innovation, and politics. It is the origin of the film industry, the hippie counterculture, the Internet,[20] and the personal computer, among others. The San Francisco Bay Area and the Greater Los Angeles Area are widely seen as centers of the global technology and entertainment industries, respectively. California has a very diverse economy: 58% of the state's economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services.[21] Although it accounts for only 1.5% of the state's economy,[21] California's agriculture industry has the highest output of any U.S. state.[22][23][24][25]California is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and the Mexican state of Baja California to the south. The state's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west to the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the east, and from the redwood–Douglas fir forests in the northwest to the Mojave Desert in the southeast. The Central Valley, a major agricultural area, dominates the state's center. Though California is well-known for its warm Mediterranean climate, the large size of the state results in climates that vary from moist temperate rainforest in the north to arid desert in the interior, as well as snowy alpine in the mountains.What is now California was first settled by various Native Californian tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries. The Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its successful war for independence but was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican–American War. The western portion of Alta California then was organized and admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850. The California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. bthom2026 https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/242005378 2018-03-14 17:16:56 UTC https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/242005378 States by area. Sizes of Alaska and Hawaii are distorted by the inset.This is a complete list of the states of the United States and its major territories ordered by total area, land area, and water area. The water area numbers include inland waters, coastal waters, the Great Lakes, and territorial waters. Glaciers and intermittent bodies of water are counted as land area. bthom2026 https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/242008461 2018-03-14 17:21:37 UTC https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/242008461 bthom2026 https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/249260199 2018-04-06 15:10:48 UTC https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/249260199 Best known for one of the world's biggest entertainment industries, Hollywood has been the dream destination for those who seek fortune and fame for decades now. This famous district, which is just a few minutes' drive from downtown Los Angeles, houses some of the biggest stars and studios around. Here are 10 things you never knew about Hollywood.Fact one: Harvey and Daeida Wilcox owned a ranch called Hollywood where the modern-day Mecca of entertainment stands!Fact two: The first movie to be made in Hollywood was 'In Old California' in 1910. This was a 17-minute short film by legendary director D. W. Griffith, who was also responsible for the groundbreaking 'Birth Of A Nation.'Fact three: Prior to 1910, there were no movie theaters in the Hollywood district--because they were banned!Fact four: Nestor Studio was the first movie studio to be set up in Hollywood. It was set up at 6121 Sunset Blvd. by the Centaur Co. of New Jersey at a rented roadhouse way back in 1911. Fact five: In 1918, four brothers, who were by trade soap salesmen from Ohio, set up a studio in Hollywood. They called their new venture Warner Brothers!Fact six: The world-famous 'HOLLYWOOD' sign (pictured here) came about in 1923, when a real estate agent called Harry Chandler decided to advertise properties in the locality. It cost him $21,000 to raise the 'HOLLYWOODLAND' sign that was initially meant to stay on for eighteen months only. In 1949, the sign was edited to read just 'HOLLYWOOD.' The Hollywood sign itself has several interesting (and tragic) stories associated with it, including that of broadway star Peg Entwistle, who committed 🤬 by jumping off the 'H.' As it needed frequent renovations and upkeep, the Hollywood Sign Trust was set up in 1995 to look after this legendary landmark.Fact seven: 'The Jazz Singer,' a 1927 movie directed by Alan Crosland, starring Al Johnson and May McAvoy, was the first talkie--or film with sound--made in Hollywood. This 89-minute classic cost a then-staggering $422,000 to make. Fact eight: The costliest Hollywood movie till date is the 2007 'Pirates Of The Caribbean: At World's End.' This Johnny Depp-starrer was directed by Gore Verbinski and cost a whopping $300 million. Of course, it made close to a billion dollars!Fact nine: The annual Academy Awards or Oscars were first held in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. This fairly cozy banquet was attended by 270 people. Only 15 different awards were presented on that night. However, in true Hollywood fashion, even back then there was an after-party!Fact ten: Cecile B. DeMille's 1914 film 'The Squaw Man' was the first ever movie made exclusively in a Hollywood studio. Now, 500-700 movies are released in Hollywood every year, and that's about half the number of films released in India every year! 1. Hollywood was given its name by the real estate developer Hobart Johnstone Whitley while on his honeymoon in 1886.2. In 1904, the voters of Hollywood decided, by a majority of 113 to 96, to banish the sale of alcohol in the town, except for medicinal purposes.3. The first film to be made entirely in Hollywood was the 17-minute short In Old California directed by D.W. Griffith, released in 1910.The huge ‘Hollywood’ sign was put up in 1923 and originally spelt out the word ‘Hollywoodland’4. The huge ‘Hollywood’ sign was put up in 1923 and originally spelt out the word ‘Hollywoodland’.5. The letters were originally 50ft high.6. The final four letters were removed in 1949 when the sign was rebuilt with 45ft-high letters.7. The sign, originally intended to last only a year, was declared a historical landmark in 1973.8. In 1932, Broadway actress Peg Entwistle committed 🤬 by jumping off the letter H.9. The 2,488 stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, honour “a community whose name means glamour and excitement in the four corners of the world”.10. "In Hollywood, the women are all peaches. It makes one long for an apple occasionally" (Somerset Maugham).HOLLYWOODHOLLYWOOD. An area of the city of Los Angeles famous primarily for its association with the film industry,Hollywood was originally a small independent agricultural community. It merged with Los Angeles in 1910 in order to obtain an adequate water supply. At approximately the same time, the film industry began to locate in the region, seeking to take advantage of natural sunlight that allowed year-round filming and a diverse southern California landscape that provided cheap scenery. In 1914, the director Cecil B. DeMille decided to locate his studio in Hollywood permanently, and other companies followed. By the 1920s, Hollywood had beaten out rivals such as Culver City and Burbank as the place most associated with the film industry, although in fact movie lots were scattered throughout the Los Angeles area. The growing power and romance of film made Hollywood a cultural icon and a major tourist attraction. In the 1950s and 1960s, Hollywood also began to attract television studios and record companies. While still home to many entertainment-related companies and remaining a popular destination for starstruck visitors, the area's actual role in film production began to lag in the 1970s. Soaring production and living costs in Los Angeles led many companies to seek opportunities elsewhere, and Hollywood itself struggled with problems associated with urban blight Originally, the term “movies” did not mean films, but the people who made them. It was generally used with disdain by early Hollywood locals who disliked the “invading” Easterners.[1]The first film ever made in Hollywood was D.W. Griffith’s 1910 In Old California, a biograph melodrama about a Spanish maiden (Marion Leonard) who has an illegitimate son with a man who later becomes governor of California. It was shot in two days.[6]When Horace and Daeida Wilcox founded Hollywood in 1887, they hoped it would become a religious community. Prohibitionists, they banned liquor from the town and offered free land to anyone willing to build a church.[25]The most filmed author is William Shakespeare, including straight film versions, modern adaptations, (West Side Story [1961], The Lion King [1994], etc.) and Shakespeare parodies.[1]The shortest dialogue script since the introduction of talkies was written for Mel Brook’s Silent Movie (1976), which has only one spoken word throughout: “Non.”[1]The first motion picture to depict a non-pornographic sex act was Extase (1933) starring Hedwig Kiesler, known later as Hedy Lamarr (1913-2000). Her character flees from an impotent husband, runs naked through the woods, bathes, and then has sex with a young engineer in a hut.l[17]The first African-American to play a leading role in a feature film was Sam Lucas (1850-1916) who was cast in the title role of 🤬’s Cabin (1914). The first African-American actor to make a career in films was Noble Johnson (1881-1978).[17]The American Humane Association (AHA) objected to the scene in the Shawshank Redemption (1994) where the character Brooks feeds his crow a maggot. The AHA stated it was cruel to the maggot, and it required that the crow be fed a maggot that had died from natural causes.[23]In The Godfather (1972), John Marley’s (Jack Wolz) scream of horror in the horse head scene was real, as he was not told that a real horse head, which was obtained from a dog food company, was going to be used.[1]The smallest set for the entire action of a movie in terms of confined acting space was the lifeboat in Alfred Hitchcock’s Lifeboat (1944).[17]The length of a film should be directly related to the endurance of the human bladder.- Alfred HitchcockThe first movie fashion fad was Hollywood star Mary Pickford’s (1892-1979) curls, which were augmented from the hair of Los Angeles prostitutes, employees of Bit Suzy’s French Whorehouse.[6]In 1923, Mark Sennett, Harry Chandler, and the Los Angeles Times put up the “Hollywoodland” (later shortened to “Hollywood”) sign to publicize a real estate development. The sign cost $21,000.[1]For The Twilight Saga: New Moon, each actor portraying one of the wolf pack was required to have documentation proving Native American descent.[24]To Have and Have Not (1945) is the only instance when a Nobel prize-winning author (Ernest Hemingway) was adapted for the screen by another Nobel-winning author (William Faulkner).[25]The director of 2012 (2009), Roland Emmerich, is a fan of rapper 50 Cent, whose real name is Curtis Jackson. The Jackson Curtis character in the film is 50 Cent’s real name inverted.[21]The “running W” was a trip wire to make horses fall over at the critical moment during filming. The device broke countless horses’ legs and necks. It is now illegal.[25]The tripwire killed and crippled many horses for the sake of dramatic effectAccording to the Movie Mistakes website, the movies with the most goofs are Apocalypse Now (1979) 390, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) 296, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) 289, Superman IV: The Quest for Peace (1987) 267, and The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) 262.[20]The three main actors in Rebel Without a Cause (1955) all met an untimely death. James Dean died in a car crash, Natalie Wood drowned, and Sal Mineo was stabbed to death.[1]Bela Lugosi’s (1882-1956) face was used as a model for Satan in Walt Disney’s production Fantasia (1940). Lugosi was famous for playing Count Dracula on the stage and on screen.[25]D.W. Griffith (1875-1948), a pioneering Hollywood film director, is credited with using the first close-up, the long shot, the fade-out, and other film techniques in his 1915 groundbreaking and highly racist film The Birth of a Nation (a.k.a. The Clansman), a film that portrayed the Ku Klux Klan in a positive way.[17]John Wayne was among the top box office draws for three decadesThe Hollywood star who played the most leading roles in feature films was John Wayne (1907-1979), who appeared in 153 movies. The star with the most screen credits is John Carradine (1906-1988), who has been in over 230 movies.[17]With an alleged budget of $280 million, Avatar is one of the most expensive movies of all time. The word avatar is Sanskrit for “incarnation” and is used in Hindu scripture to refer to human incarnations of God.[8][22]Thomas Edison invented the first moving pictures, which were small film images that could be viewed in a box. Initially, he was opposed to showing movies on the big screen because he thought one-on-one viewing would be more profitable.[4]The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) called for a boycott of the 1947 Disney film Song of the South, an adaptation of the Uncle Remus stories that showed happy slaves on a plantation. Though the film inspired the Disneyland ride “Splash Mountain,” the film has never been released in its entirety on home video in the U.S.[6]In the 1969 musical Paint Your Wagon, star Clint Eastwood sang “I Talk to the Trees, But They Don’t Listen to Me.” Eastwood says the experience prompted him to start producing and directing his own movies.[25]David O. Selznick was fined $5,000 for the line “Frankly my dear, I don’t give a damn” in Gone with the Wind (1939). The Catholic Legion of Decency gave the movie a B rating, citing that the film was “morally objectionable in part for all.”[3]The first movie to be filmed in Technicolor was Becky Sharp (1934).[17]The first movie to gross over $100 million was Jaws (1975).[17]The first African-American Oscar winner was Hattie McDaniel who was awarded the 1939 Best Supporting Actress for her role as Mammy in Gone with the Wind. Twenty-four years would lapse before another African-American would win: Sidney Poitier for Lilies of the Field (1963), which was filmed in just 14 days.[1]In the 1985 horror film Day of the Dead, zombies are actually feasting on turkey legs that were barbecued in a special way to look like human flesh.[13]Wouldn't you want to gnaw on these?The original title for Ghostbusters (1984) was “Ghost Smashers.”[6][19]After a difficult battle with censors, Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf (1966) was the first movie released with the stipulation that no one under age 18 would be allowed in the theater.[17]The shortest performance to win an Oscar for Best Supporting Actor was Anthony Quinn’s eight-minute tour de force as Gauguin in Lust for Life (1956). The shortest performance to win an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress was Beatrice Straight’s 5 minutes and 40 seconds performance in the 1976 film Network.[17]The first picture to sweep all five major Academy Awards—winning for Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Director, and Best Screenplay (adaptation)—was Frank Capra’s It Happened One Night (1934) starring Clark Gable and Claudette Colbert. The second movie to do the same was One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (1975).[17]The first feature film created solely with Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) was Toy Story(1995). Over 800,000 hours of mathematical equations went into the film, which works out to more than a week of computer time for every second on the screen.[17]The first movie shot in CinemaScope was The Robe (1953).[17]The character most frequently portrayed in horror films is Count Dracula, the creation of the Irish writer Bram Stoker (1847-1912).[1]Count Dracula is the most often portrayed horror movie characterIn Hitchcock’s The Birds (1963), live trained birds were thrown at actress Tippi Hedren (1930-). For part of the sequence, some birds were tied to her with nylon threads so they wouldn’t fly away. Shooting would stop every few minutes so blood could be painted on her skin and her clothing could be torn.[1]The laser swords in Star Wars (1977) were actually fiberglass rods coated with a highly reflective material. Light was reflected onto the rods by mirrors in front of the camera lens and color was later enhanced by animation.[4]In The Exorcist (1973), Regan (Linda Blair) turns her head almost completely around to face backward. A life-like dummy with a swivel neck performed the famous scene. The sound of her neck turning was made by twisting an old leather wallet around a microphone.[1]It took 15 crew members to operate each of the three full-scale (25-foot) mechanical sharks used in Jaws (1975).[1]A real bridge with a real train crossing it was blown up for the 1957 The Bridge on the River Kwai.[1]When early executives at Warner Brothers were having financial difficulties, they decided to take a risk on this unusual first-time film: The Jazz Singer (1927), the first “talkie” picture.[6]Gary Cooper was the first choice for the part of Rhett Butler in Gone with the Wind (1939), but Cooper had just signed a contract with Goldwyn Studios, and Goldwyn was unwilling to lend him to MGM.[25]Pickford was known as "Queen of the Movies"The first Hollywood movie star is arguably Mary Pickford (1893-1979), who along with Charlie Chaplin, Douglas Fairbanks, and D.W. Griffith formed United Artists Corp (1919). At the peak of her popularity, she made a record-breaking $10,000 a week (over $196,000 in 2008 USD).[6]The swimming pool used in the opening scene of Sunset Boulevard (1950) was the same one James Dean, Natalie Wood, and Sal Mineo played at the bottom of in Rebel Without a Cause (1955).[25]One 10-minute scene in Heaven’s Gate (1980) cost nearly $4 million. The film is not only one of the most notorious flops of all time, but the noted amount of animal abuse during filming prompted the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) and the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP) to authorize the American Human Society to monitor the use of animals in all subsequent filmed media.[25]Girl-next-door actress Doris Day rejected the role of Mrs. Robinson, the middle-aged sexpot with a penchant for younger men in The Graduate (1967).[25]Adolph Hitler put studio head Jack Warner on his “extinction list” because of his film Confessions of a 🤬 Spy (1939).[25]Katherine Hepburn, Loretta Young, Helen Hayes, and Lana Turner all tested for Gone with the Wind’s Scarlett O’Hara. Even Lucille Ball read for the part.[1]Planet Vulcan in Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979) is actually Yellowstone National Park.[1]The famous “burning of Atlanta” scene in Gone with the Wind (1939) consisted of burning the old sets from King Kong (1933), The Last of the Mohicans (1936), and Little Lord Fauntleroy (1936).[25]There were 124 midgets hired to play munchkins in The Wizard of Oz (1939). One midget fell into a studio toilet and was trapped there until somebody finally found him.[17]When Clark Gable was filmed sans undershirt in It Happened One Night (1934), wives all over the country stopped buying their spouses the undergarment, causing a depression in undershirts in the 1930s.[25]The most expensive black-and-white movie ever made was Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf (1966). Production costs totaled $7.5 million, due in large part to the salaries of its stars, Liz Taylor and Richard Burton.[17]The most extensive screen tests in the history of motion pictures were held for the role of Scarlett O’Hara in Gone with the Wind. MGM shot 149,000 feet of black-and-white test film and another 13,000 feet of color film with 60 actresses.[17]The largest cast of living creatures in a Hollywood film were the 22 million bees employed by Irwin Allen in The Swarm (1978).[17]The largest cast of living creatures in a Hollywood film were the 22 million bees employed by Irwin Allen in The Swarm (1978)The largest number of fatalities ever in a production of a film occurred during the shooting of the 1931 film Viking. Twenty-seven people died, including the director and cinematographer, when a ship they were shooting from exploded in the ice off the coast of Newfoundland.[17]The scene in which Judy Garland sings “Over the Rainbow” in The Wizard of Oz (1939) was almost cut from the movie. Assistant producer Arthur Freed is credited with convincing MGM exec Louis B. Mayer to keep the scene.[25]The longest take in a movie is in Andy Warhol’s Blue Movie (1996), which consists of a 35-minute uninterrupted scene of Viva and Louis Waldon making love.[17]The greatest number of takes for one scene in a film is 324 in Charlie Chaplin’s 1931 City Lights.[17]The first film studio in the world was Thomas Edison’s “Black Maria,” a frame building covered in black roofing paper built at the Edison Laboratories in New Jersey. It cost $637.67 to build in 1893.l[17]The first Hollywood stunt man was ex-U.S. cavalryman Frank Hanaway who was cast in The Great Train Robbery (1903) for his ability to fall off a horse without hurting himself.[17]The first Hollywood stunt woman was Helen Gibson who doubled for Helen Holmes in the first 26 episodes of The Hazards of Helen (1914). She was trained as a trick rider and married to cowboy star Hoot Gibson.[17]See the resemblance?Albert Einstein's face inspired the artistic designer of the Star War's character, Yoda.[18]The last wholly silent film produced for general distribution was George Melford’s The Poor Millionaire (1930) with Richard Talmadge (who played the hero and the villain) and Constance Howard.[17]According to BodyCounts.com (which counts only onscreen killings, not characters killed in planet explosions), the movies with the largest body counts are The Lord of the Rings: Return of the King (2003) 836, Kingdom of Heaven (2005) 619, 300 (2007) 600, Troy (2004) 572, and The Last Samurai (2003) 558.[11]The first film to receive an X rating under the Motion Picture Association of America system of classification was the anti-establishment Greetings (1968) with Robert de Niro, though it later received an R.[17]The Muppet Movie (1979) was cut by New Zealand Censors on grounds of gratuitous violence. Sweden banned E.T. (1982) for children under 11 because it claimed the film showed parents being hostile to their children.[17]During the “chest bursting” scene in Alien (1986), director Ridley Scott had the actors unexpectedly showered with actual entrails bought from a nearby butcher shop so that their screams of horror would be real.[10]Landmark movies Bonnie & Clyde (1967), The Graduate (1967), and Easy Rider (1969) signaled a shift from “Classic Hollywood” movies to “New Hollywood” or “Post-Classical Hollywood” films because they broke several social taboos and traditional filming techniques.[12]Some of the dinosaur sounds in Jurassic Park were created from tortoises mating[9]In the 2014 film, Godzilla, the famous monster is only seen for 8 minutes.[26]Over 74% of lead roles in Hollywood go to menOver 74% of lead roles in Hollywood go to men.[15]When adjusted for inflation, Gone with the Wind is the highest grossing movie of all time.[2]Samuel Jackson has uttered “🤬” 171 times in 27 different movies.[14]Sean Bean and Bela Lugosi have died in a higher percentage of film and TV projects than any other living actor, with 0.32 deaths per film. Mickey Rourke and John Hurt are close behind, at 0.31 deaths per film.[7]Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho was the first American film to show a toilet being flushed on screen.[16]Mickey Mouse's ears are always turned to the front, no matter which direction his head is pointing.[5]Tom Cruise's real name is Thomas Mapother.[5]The characters of Bert and Ernie on Sesame Street were named after Bert the cop and Ernie the taxi driver in Frank Capra's It's a Wonderful Life.[5]When you think of Hollywood, you might think of Humphrey Bogart gazing into Ingrid Bergman’s eyes in Casablanca. You might imagine Cary Grant tooling around the foothills in his 1929 Caddy, or Marilyn Monroe with her pouty lips and swirling white skirt in Some Like it Hot. Or maybe you think of the modern Hollywood, with starlets toting around miniature canines in expensive handbags and reality TV stars giving interviews on the Tonight Show with Jay Leno.No matter what comes to mind, the Hollywood sign stands sentinel over all of it, an icon that stands for the glamour, optimism and grandeur that has defined Hollywood since its creation. Just for fun, here are 20 facts you might not know about the Hollywood sign.1) The Hollywood Sign is almost 90 years old.The original Hollywood sign was constructed in 1923, the same year that Rin Tin Tin gained fame as a canine film star. Though it wasn’t originally meant to be an icon for the film industry, the sign was created during the beginning of the glamorous, decadent Golden Age of Hollywood: in 1925, Ben Hur was released with its record-breaking production budget of $3.95 million.2) The Hollywood sign wasn’t created with the movies in mind.The sign wasn’t created to advertise movies and starlets; it was created to advertise real estate. Developers S. H. Woodruff and Tracy E. Shoults began developing a new neighborhood called “Hollywoodland.” The sign was meant to act as a huge billboard to draw new home buyers to the hillside.3) The first sign didn’t say “Hollywood.”To advertise the Hollywoodland development, the sign was composed of 13 letters that spelled out the development’s name: “HOLLYWOODLAND.” The last four letters of the sign wouldn’t be dropped until 1949.4) The original Hollywood Sign was bigger than the current sign.The original letters were constructed of large sections of sheet metal and stood as high as 50 feet tall. They were held up with a complicated framing system that included wooden scaffold, pipes, wires and poles.5) 4,000 light bulbs graced the original Hollywoodland sign.The bulbs were timed to blink so that the words “HOLLY,” “WOOD,” and “LAND” each lit up consecutively, followed by the entire word. This was not considered tacky, but rather quite progressive and modern. Each bulb generated only 8 watts of electricity, so 4,000 were needed in order to create the impressive display that Woodruff and Shoults needed to sell building lots.6) The sign was a very expensive billboard.Considering that the original Hollywoodland sign was only intended to be an advertisement for a real estate development, it was quite expensive. The construction cost of the sign was around $21,000, which is roughly the equivalent of $250,000 in 2013 dollars. Imagine building a new neighborhood and paying a quarter of a million bucks to advertise it with one sign!7) An Englishman designed the Hollywood sign.Thomas Fisk Goff, the artist who created the Hollywood sign, was born in London in 1890. He immigrated to the United States and settled in Los Angeles in the early 1920’s and opened the Crescent Sign Company. Woodruff and Shoults commissioned Goff to create and install the sign. In addition to owning a sign company, Goff was an artist who painted landscapes on canvas.8) The sign had its very own caretaker.The real estate developers hired Albert Kothe to act as caretaker. In addition to other responsibilities, Albert was in charge of the maintenance of the Hollywoodland sign. One of his jobs was to replace the lightbulbs on the sign when they burnt out, a large task considering the number of bulbs and the height of each letter.9) The original sign was only meant to last for 18 months.Since it was only intended to be a temporary advertisement for the new real estate development, the Hollywoodland sign was designed to be in place for about 18 months, while lots were sold.10) The Hollywood sign was the site of a 🤬.Sadly, the allure of fame and fortune was not reality for many who flocked to Hollywood in hopes of becoming actors and actresses. One such unlucky girl, Peg Entwistle, left New York City and moved in with her uncle in Los Angeles while she tried to become a film star. Despite her efforts at stardom, Peg failed to land the big role she’d hoped for, and on September 18, 1932, she hiked up to the Hollywood sign, climbed a ladder to the top of the “H” and jumped to her death.11) The Hollywoodland sign went dark in 1939.The stock market crash of 1929 and the subsequent Depression during the 1930’s halted real estate development. Since lots were no longer being sold, illuminating the Hollywoodland sign was no longer a priority. Times were tough, so caretaker Albert Kothe stripped the copper wiring from the sign and sold it for scrap.12) The sign was hit by a car.You might not think that a sign perched on the side of a steep hill would be in danger of being hit by a car. But one night, Albert Kothe had a little too much too drink. He drove his 1928 Ford station wagon right off the cliff just above the sign. The car rolled down the hill, smashing into the “H.” Luckily, Albert was OK, but both the Ford and the “H” were destroyed.13) The sign was almost torn down completely in 1949.In 1944 the city of Los Angeles purchased 455 acres from the Hollywoodland developers, including the land on which the Hollywoodland sign sat. The city didn’t necessarily want a huge real estate billboard, but they let the sign sit there for another five years until they decided to tear it down. But residents who had come to love the sign protested its removal. The city, along with the Chamber of Commerce, agreed to salvage it, with the understanding that they would remove the “LAND” from the end of the sign so that it represented the community, not a real estate development. They fixed the broken “H” and renovated the rest of the letters.14) The Hollywood sign is an official landmark.By 1973, the sign was seriously deteriorated again, broken-down and rusty. The city slapped another coat of paint on it and also declared it “L.A. Cultural and Historical Monument #111.”15) In the 1970’s, the sign went to pot.On January 1, 1976, prankster Danny Finegood hung curtains over the last two “O’s” in the sign, changing it to read “HOLLYWEED” to commemorate the introduction of a more relaxed 🤬 law in California.16) A playboy, a rocker and a singing cowboy saved the sign.The paint job in 1973 didn’t last for long. Five years later, the sign looked worse than ever. The Chamber of Commerce determined that it needed a very expensive overhaul. Hugh Hefner held a fundraiser at the Playboy Mansion. Each of the nine letters was auctioned for $28,000 to raise the needed renovation money. The benefactors for each letter were as follows:H- Terrence Donnelly (a newspaper publisher)O- Alice Cooper (rock star)L- Les Kelley (businessman and creator of the Kelley Blue Book)L- Gene Autrey (singer and actor)Y- Hugh Hefner (founder of Playboy magazine)W- Andy Williams (singer)O-Giovanni Mazza (Italian movie producer)O- Warner Bros. StudiosD-Thomas Pooley17) The Hollywood sign was lit for the OlympicsIn 1984, Los Angeles hosted the Olympic Summer Games. During the games, the Hollywood sign was illuminated for the first time since 1949.18) Modern visitors can’t hike to the sign.Because the sign is perched on a very steep hill and because the city of Los Angeles doesn’t want to be sued, visitors are no longer allowed to hike right up to the sign. The city might be worried that they will plummet to their deaths, get bitten by a rattlesnake or start a brush fire that will consume some of the expensive real estate below the sign.19) The Hollywood sign has almost as much security as Fort Knox.In order to keep people away from the sign and keep the sign from being vandalized, a specially-designed security system was developed. The Department of Homeland Security even got involved… that’s how serious L.A. is about protecting its iconic sign. The security involves razor wire, infrared technology, 24 hour monitoring, motion sensors, alarms and helicopter patrols.20) The sign has its very own trust fund.The Hollywood Sign Trust was created in 1992 for the purpose of maintaining and promoting the Hollywood sign. It continues to care for the sign today. The most recent renovation included a shiny, new paint job and webcams that allow Internet visitors to see the sign 24/7. bthom2026 https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/249269233 2018-04-06 15:31:16 UTC https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/249269233 bthom2026 https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/249272919 2018-04-06 15:40:32 UTC https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/249272919 bthom2026 https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/249273241 2018-04-06 15:41:27 UTC https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/249273241 https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/250780365 work]]> 2018-04-11 15:44:01 UTC https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/250780365 https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/259591801 2018-05-10 12:57:04 UTC https://padlet.com/teresa_mckenzie/4h8fdysn1t6c/wish/259591801