Calpurnia tells Scout that she taught to read from 'Blackstone's Commentaries', showing that she is a very determined and hardworking person. By learning how to read from a very English book that no doubt would have been hard to read, and then teaching her son how to read, Calpurnia has shown that she is a very hardworking person. The fact that she persisted in teaching her son how to read as well shows her determination as an individual.

Calpurnia goes to Church every Sunday which shows that she is a very religious person. She also likes to dress up to go to Church, on one occasion wearing a 'navy voile dress and tub of a hat'. This shows that she likes to present herself nicely for the members of her Church, which shows that she feels as though Church is an important place and she should dress appropriately. Calpurnia also teaches her son and later Scout out of the bible, and made him read 'a page of [it] every day'. 

Calpurnia has a very loving attitude towards Scout and Jem, especially when she takes them to 'First Purchase Church'. When they are leaving the Church and Scout is nagging Cal with many questions, she stays patient. Although Scout is a very questioning person, Calpurnia is hesitant to tell her about the Tom Robinson case, as she doesn't want Scout to feel burdened with what's going to happen. In the end, Cal tells Scout that 'Old Mr Bob Ewell accused [Tom] of rapin' [Bob's] girl', but refuses to tell Scout what rape means, keeping up the shallow wall between Scout and the truth. Calpurnia also changes the subject quickly after, asking the kids if they are hungry, trying to get them to stop thinking of the topic, which shows her love for the children, as she doesn't want to taint their happy lives with some very unsavoury news.

Example: After Atticus shot Tim Johnson, Jem and Scout seem to be astounded. Mr Tate notices this and attempts to tell the children something about Atticus, who quickly cuts him off and changes the subject. Clearly there is something that Atticus wants to keep from Jem and Scout and Mr Tate knows what it is. It would probably be something that happened when Atticus was smaller, as he implied that he 'hasn't shot a gun in thirty years', but Mr Tate replied 'I'd feel mighty comfortable if you did now'. This to me insinuates that something happened when they were both children involving a gun that Atticus will go to lengths to keep secret

 

Value: Innocence

Example: After Atticus shot the gun, and implied that he is keeping a secret from his children, that makes me think that he has killed things in the past and doesn't want to admit it for the sake of the kids. He may want them to keep their innocence in this regard for as long as possible as it is normal for a parent not to want their children to play with guns and think it is okay because their parents did. He also may be concerned that something he did may scar the children or make them think less of him.

 

Attitude: Passionate 

Example: 'Atticus shook his head vehemently'. The context of this is that Mr Tate wants Atticus to shoot a gun to put down Tim Johnson. Atticus was very reluctant and tried to get out of it. This may be because Scout and Jem were there and he didn't want them to see him shoot the gun or that there was another thing that Atticus didn't want them to see him do. This is reinforced when Mr Tate begins to tell Jem and Scout something about Atticus but he cuts him off very quickly, insinuating Mr Tate knows something that Atticus is either not proud of, doesn't want his kids to know, or both, and is very passionate about keeping it secret.

 

Knowledgeable 

By Atticus being a lawyer and is represented as knowledgeable person because he has every idea of what is happening in the community. He is always involved in  Maycomb matters that concern the community. Atticus seems one the most knowledgeable people in Maycomb as he is very curious about the society and also has a sense of equity and belonging in the community.  

 

Values 

Justice

Atticus values the justice due to his job. Although he is taking up Tom Robinson's case and has been criticised of, but he values that justice should be uphold to any people in the society. He also considers valuing the notions of safety and security of his children and also values the importance of peace in Maycomb as he is a lawyer and is aware about the crimes happening in the community.

 

Attitudes

Protective and Caution Attitude 

Although it is seemed that Atticus is not that protective of Jem and Scout, as he lets them "run wild" and how they both wonder free in Maycomb. He is often criticised by the town folks of his parenting and how he should be more protective. But when it comes matters to Atticus' job and the court cases, we can see that Atticus' attitude changes suddenly to become protective and cautious of Jem and Scout. He also wants them to know a limited amount of information of what is happening with his work as he does not want them to be exposed to the reality.    

Calpurnia tells Scout "I've spent all my days workin' for the Finches or the Buford's," showing that she is a very hardworking individual, who is very proud of the position she holds. She is someone who is not unfamiliar to hard work and seems to welcome it. 

Calpurnia is a very religious person, as seen when she takes Jem and Scout to church. She also teaches her son how to read using the bible saying "I made him get a page of the bible every day", a technique that she also uses with Scout. She is also a very respectable person who takes pride in her appearance. She wears her "navy voile dress and tub of a hat." to church and late "pressed her hat down carefully over her ears."  Her care in her appearance shows she values how other perceive her and her respectability

Calpurnia clearly loves the children and they adore her just as much, with Scout looking up to her as almost a mother figure. When she takes them to church both Jem and Scout are very curious after finding out about her "double life" and ask her many questions leading to Scout asking Calpurnia if she could visit her house, saying "Cal, can I come to see you sometimes?"

She looked down at me. "See me, honey? You see me every day."

"Out to your house," I said. "Sometimes after work? Atticus can get me."

"Any time you want to," she said. "We'd be glad to have you." The use of the term "honey" as a form of endearment show how close she is to the children and the mutual affection both her and Scout hold for each other. 

As shown throughout the book, the African American community are shown as disenfranchised. Calpurnia's community is evidently disenfranchised when Scout describes the Church being unpainted, without a roof and having no hymn-books. Scout points this out when in Church, describing the poor state of it and the lack of hymn-books. "… 'where are the hymn-books?' 'We don’t have any,' she said.  'Well how-?'" Calpurnia shushes Scout before she has the chance to question further, putting her in an uncomfortable situation. The 'Negro' community do not have the privileges of many basic human rights as well as the constant stereotypes blocking them from having a 'normal' life.
Values

Calpurnia has respect for her Church and the rest of her community. She stops Scout and Jem from disrespecting the Church and embarrassing her in front of people she has great love and respect for. "I punched Jem. 'That's the Tom Atticus's de -' 'Sh-h!' She continuously shushes the children when they seem to disrespect her and the community. 

Calpurnia also values being a primary carer for Scout and being able to raise her and Jem using her own methods. "This was too much for me. 'How're we gonna sing it if there ain't any hymn-books?' Calpurnia smiled. 'Hush baby,' she whispered, 'you'll see in a minute.'" She cares for the children, allowing them to come and experience her world so they can have sympathy and understanding in the future. She enjoys caring for the curios and mischievous Scout, allowing her to experience all parts of her world. 
Attitudes

"She gave a dime to me and a dime to Jem. 'We've got ours,' he whispered. 'You keep it,' Calpurnia said …" Through this Calpurnia demonstrates a generous attitude, allowing the troublesome two to have a dime each to give the Church. Even though the two have been nothing but trouble, her generosity eliminates all their questioning and confusion, getting the children to sit quiet and still, respecting the Church and allowing her to quietly worship their God. 

Knowledgeable  

By Atticus being a lawyer and is represented as knowledgeable person because he has every idea of what is happening in the community. He is always involved in  Maycomb matters that concern the community. Atticus seems one the most knowledgeable people in Maycomb as he is very curious about the society and also has a sense of equity and belonging in the community.  

 

Values 

Justice

Atticus values the justice due to his job. Although he is taking up Tom Robinson's case and has been criticised of, but he values that justice should be uphold to any people in the society. He also considers valuing the notions of safety and security of his children and also values the importance of peace in Maycomb as he is a lawyer and is aware about the crimes happening in the community.

 

Attitudes 

Protective and Caution Attitude 

Although it is seemed that Atticus is not that protective of Jem and Scout, as he lets them "run wild" and how they both wonder free in Maycomb. He is often criticised by the town folks of his parenting and how he should be more protective. But when it comes matters to Atticus' job and the court cases, we can see that Atticus' attitude changes suddenly to become protective and cautious of Jem and Scout. He also wants them to know a limited amount of information of what is happening with his work as he does not want them to be exposed to the reality.    

 

 

Lula presents as an obnoxious and authoritative person who ensures that social hierarchy and division remains in place. Commenting that Calpurnia is 'up to' something, suggests that she is able to easily question another person as she believes that she is more powerful than others. Lula tries to upset the Sunday church by questioning Calpurnia's intentions with bringing the children, making her a troublemaker. Although Lula has a strong personality, she is a product of the constant discrimination and hurt experienced by the black Americans in this time period, so Lula is confident, being able to confront the particular issues. Lula is unprogressive, as she does not want Scout and Jem to upset the social division after the pain the white Americans have caused her culture. 

 

Values: 'You ain't got no business bringin' white chillun here - they got their church, we got our'n. It is our church ain't it, Miss Cal?'

Lula values assertiveness, by being able to make a strong statement to Calpurnia by scolding her. Her ability to easily state the social division and not be flexible, accommodating or welcome suggests that Lula values her own culture and therefore wants to protect it. However, her value of culture makes her turn away from kindness. Lula also values the past and history, as she doesn't seem to be able to accept any white person, no matter who they are. 

 

Attitudes: 'You ain't got no business bringin' white chillun here - they got their church, we got our'n. It is our church ain't it, Miss Cal?'

Lula's honest and confident attitude causes Scout and Jem to doubt their invitation to the church. Her tenaciousattitude sends a message to Scout and Jem that they are unwelcome as they are grouped as 'white chillun'. Her separation of the churches, through her non-inclusive attitude demonstrates that her opinions have taken over her politeness, causing reader's to question her ability to empathise with others. The traditional attitude she displays - trying to keep the races separated - implies she is opposed to change.

At first we see Mayella is very defensive and dishonest. We can see this from when she calls Atticus out and says " long's he keeps on callin' me ma'am an' sayin' Miss Mayella. I don't hafta take his sass, I ain't called upon to take it." This shows that she is defensive person as she thinks she's being attacked, this is because she isn't educated and isolated from the rest of society. We also see Mayella's characteristic of dishonesty when she reply's with statements such as " don't know- long time"  This shows she doesn't want to participate in the case and by being broad, dismissive towards Atticus questions she is being dishonest

 

Values:

Mayella is defensive during the case because she values respect , she becomes defensive after she suspects that Mr Finch is disrespecting and sassing her. Because Mayella is dishonest we can see that one of her main values is family this is because she is " the oldest" and her mother has been gone a long time". As she lies to protect her family and their reputation, we can see that it may be because she has been pushed into a mothering role since her mother has died.

 

Attitude:

Because there is "Nothing in Mayella's expression to justify Atticus's assumption that he had secured her wholehearted cooperation." This shows that Mayella is selfish and careless as she doesn't want to cooperate therefore affecting Tom's case. This is because she is more concerned for her own safety and her family's reputation, therefore showing her dishonest traits.  As Mayella also values respect and becomes defensive, her attitude towards Atticus and other become quite disrespectful. This just reinforces that Mayella is human and is very hypocritical of others like the rest of Maycomb townsfolks. This is shown by the way she talks as she become quit snappy and short