Vocabulary by

Columbian Exchange

zznntjy97b — 2024-08-28 14:30:39 UTC

The process of transferring plants, animals, foods, diseases, wealth, and culture between Europe and the Americas, beginning at the time of Christopher Columbus and continuing throughout the era of exploration and expansion.

Encomienda system

zznntjy97b — 2024-08-29 01:52:40 UTC

The government in Spain gave away large tracts of conquered land in Spanish America, including whole villages of indigenous peoples, to court favorites, including many conquistadores. These new landlords were supposed to educate the natives and teach them the Roman Catholic faith. The system was rife with abuse, however. Landlords rarely offered much education, preferring instead to exploit the labor of the local inhabitants, whom they treated like slaves.

Indentured servant

zznntjy97b — 2024-08-29 02:00:38 UTC

In an effort to entice English subjects to the colonies, parties would offer legal bonded contracts that would exchange the cost of passage across the Atlantic for up to seven years of labor in America.

Mercantilism

zznntjy97b — 2024-08-29 02:07:31 UTC

An economic system built on the assumption that the world's supply of wealth is fixed and that nations must export more goods than they import to assure a steady supply of gold and silver into national coffers. Mercantile thinkers saw the inflow of such wealth as the key to maintaining and enhancing national power and self-sufficiency. Within this context, the accumulation and development of colonies was of great importance, since colonies could supply scarce raw materials to parent nations and serve as markets for finished goods.

civilization

zznntjy97b — 2024-08-29 02:09:11 UTC

state of human society, in which a high level of culture, science, and government has been reached

New England Colonies

zznntjy97b — 2024-08-29 02:10:47 UTC

Colonies founded by the Puritans for religious purposes. Goal was to create a society as God intended.

Middle colonies

zznntjy97b — 2024-08-29 02:12:34 UTC

Colonies with a large agricultural base. Because of location they were key distribution centers in the English Mercantile System

Chattel slavery

zznntjy97b — 2024-08-29 02:13:11 UTC

Total ownership of one person over another.

Triangular trade

zznntjy97b — 2024-08-29 02:13:49 UTC

Economic exchange amongst three markets and geographies

Southern colonies

zznntjy97b — 2024-08-29 02:14:53 UTC

Colonies focused on cash crops.

Puritans

zznntjy97b — 2024-08-29 02:15:35 UTC

Religious reform movement in the 16th and 17th centuries that sought to “purify” the church of England.

Salutary Neglect

zznntjy97b — 2024-09-13 12:41:50 UTC

A period from the early 1600s to the mid 1700s where British Parliamentary Laws were not enforced on the colonists

Three-Fifths Compromise

zznntjy97b — 2024-09-13 12:42:22 UTC

Determined that each slave would be counted as three fifths of a person for the purpose of apportioning taxes and representation.

North West Ordinance

zznntjy97b — 2024-09-13 12:42:54 UTC

One of the biggest accomplishments of the Articles of Confederation. This established a system for setting up governments in the western territories so they could eventually join the Union

Anti Federalists

zznntjy97b — 2024-09-13 12:43:23 UTC

Supporters of the Articles of Confederation, not the Constitution. They fear a tyrannical national government with too much power and strongly advocate for the Bill of Rights.

Tory

zznntjy97b — 2024-09-13 12:44:00 UTC

A colonist who supported British rule

Great Compromise

zznntjy97b — 2024-09-13 12:44:31 UTC

The decision to have a bicameral legislature, one house based on population, and one house with an equal number of representatives for every state.

Albany Plan of Union

zznntjy97b — 2024-09-13 13:28:38 UTC

Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the (British) Crown

Federalists

zznntjy97b — 2024-09-13 13:29:02 UTC

Supporters of the new Constitution and a strong federal government. They fear a weak government. Generally very wealthy.

Patriot

zznntjy97b — 2024-09-13 13:31:08 UTC

A colonist who rebelled against British rule

Newburgh Conspiracy

zznntjy97b — 2024-09-13 13:33:02 UTC

Near the end of the Revolutionary War, the Continental Army had not received pay for many years and threatened to abandon the fight, if they were not compensated

Enlightenment

zznntjy97b — 2024-09-13 14:17:24 UTC

An eighteenth-century philosophical movement that began in Western Europe with roots in the Scientific Revolution

Articles of Confederation

zznntjy97b — 2024-09-13 14:19:22 UTC

Before the American constitution, this established the United States as a loose confederation of states under a weak national Congress, which was not granted the power to regulate commerce or collect taxes

Proclamation Line of 1763

zznntjy97b — 2024-09-13 14:20:05 UTC

A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east

Steam Engine

zznntjy97b — 2024-10-01 13:39:31 UTC

A machine that turns the energy released by burning fuel into motion

Political Party

zznntjy97b — 2024-10-01 13:40:03 UTC

Group of persons organized to acquire and exercise political power

Factory System

zznntjy97b — 2024-10-01 13:40:39 UTC

Manufacturing businesses first created in the late eighteenth century that concentrated all aspects of production under one roof, reorganized production and divided work. The key aspect was that it was under one roof and had specialized tasks. Made the production faster and more efficient.

Impressment

zznntjy97b — 2024-10-01 13:40:59 UTC

The British forcibly enlisted thousands of American men into the Royal Navy from passing ships, and refused to recognize that Americans had renounced their British citizenship

Marbury v. Madison

zznntjy97b — 2024-10-01 13:41:20 UTC

Landmark 1803 Supreme Court case in which Chief Justice John Marshall established the principle of Judicial Review, which grants the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional

Canals

zznntjy97b — 2024-10-01 13:41:46 UTC

Human-made waterways connecting natural bodies of water, very important for early travel

Interchangeable Parts

zznntjy97b — 2024-10-01 13:42:08 UTC

Uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces

Temperance Movement

zznntjy97b — 2024-10-01 13:43:29 UTC

Movement dedicated to promoting moderation and, more often, complete abstinence in the use of alcohol

Monroe Doctrine

zznntjy97b — 2024-10-01 13:44:06 UTC

Warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere

Abolition Movement

zznntjy97b — 2024-10-01 13:45:04 UTC

Campaign to end slavery

Telegraph

zznntjy97b — 2024-10-01 13:45:39 UTC

Machine invented by Samuel Morse that used a system of dots and dashes to send messages across long distances electronically through a wire. It connected the different hemispheres of the world, allowing for more communication between people.

Women's Rights Movement

zznntjy97b — 2024-10-01 13:46:05 UTC

The fight for the suffrage (voting) for half of the population

Democratic Party

zznntjy97b — 2024-10-01 13:46:25 UTC

Pro Slavery, favored secession from Union, States' rights, agrarian-oriented, opposed gold standard, supported lowering tariff, and opposed imperialism in 1890s

Cotton Gin

zznntjy97b — 2024-10-01 13:46:49 UTC

Eli Whitney’s 1793 invention that dramatically improved the speed for processing cotton, changing the trajectory of cotton production in the United States

Whigs

zznntjy97b — 2024-10-01 13:47:07 UTC

Opposed Jackson's strong-armed leadership style and policies, but promoted protective tariffs, federal funding for internal improvements, and other measures that strengthened the central government.