-Couples needed permission for marriage and couldn't marry under 25.

-Couples with one child would receive free healthcare, priority housing and couples with two children would receive a fine.

-Couples could face 10% salary reductions, forced abortions, sterilisations and having to pay for their child's education if they had more than one child.

ECONOMIC: The cost of providing a state pension will also increase dramatically. Higher levels of health and personal care as the population ages will lead to increasing costs. A smaller working population means less income tax and national insurance will be paid to the government.

-They can be used to explain trends and can give geographers a good idea of the infant mortality and child mortality.

-Stage 2: Afghanistan is one of the very few countries left in the second stage of the DTM. The main feature of this stage is very high population growth Death rate begins to fall as there is slightly better medicine, water, food and sanitation however birth rate is still high for the same reasons as stage 1. (Early expanding)

-Stage 3: Brazil and India are at this stage in development. Birth rate peaks with the industrial revolution as there is a need for more workers however it then drops off as machinery replaces workers. Standard of living-urbanisation therefore less child labour-improves and death rate falls but so does birth rate as there is better education and equality for women who go into better jobs, marry older and have knowledge about how to use contraception. (Late  expanding)

-Stage 4: The UK is in this stage of development. the birth rate is low as people choose when they want to have babies and higher wage jobs for women mean less maternity cover and less incentive for children. Also, healthcare has vastly improved and children are vastly expensive. (Low stationary)

-Stage 5: Italy is in the final stage of the DTM. The birth rate is still low for the same reasons as previously however the death rate overtakes as because of low birth rate the population is mostly elderly and begins to die off. Elderly people are a burden and cannot have anymore babies. (Declining)

Please refer to the explain everything presentation which covers all the factors in more detail.

-Couples of only children exempt. Need more working age to support elderly.

-Allowed a second child after 6 years.

-Population growth had slowed enough so that there was enough jobs and food for 'everyone'.

-It is estimated that 400 million fewer babies were born- there was actually increased standard of living.

-Female infanticide due to Chinese culture where boys where favoured economic assets and this led to a disproportionate gender population and therefore there was a vast increase in illegal human trafficking, slavery and prostitution. (2020=30million more men than women)

-Chinese single children tend to be spoilt, little emperor syndrome.

-Only children will struggle to support the growing elderly pop.

-Fears that shrinking working pop won't be able to support the pensioners.

-Their health and medical care will be expensive and Shanghai's over 60 pop will increase from 22% to 34% in 2020.

-Raise the retirement age to 68 so that more people are contributing got the economy for longer.

-Women are being encouraged to have more children.

-There has been a private pension plan which rewards those invest in a pension by the government paying a part of it.

-Dependency ratios are a figure governments use to judge how many people of working age there are relative to those we say are dependant such as the young, disabled and old.

-% not working age is divided by % working age and multiplied by one hundred and 0.5 ratio is good whilst 1 to is high. (2 working ages to 1 dep is 0.5)

-Agricultural changes

-Urbanisation

-education

-Religion

-Equality for women (female emancipation

-Age structure

-Birth rate is the number of people being born per 1000 of the population per year.

-Death rate is the number of people dying per 1000 of the population per year.

-Natural increase is when the birth rate exceeds the death rate.

-Natural decrease on the other hand is when the death rate exceeds the birth rate.

-Population growth rate is the number of people added to or lost from the population either due to natural increase of migration etc.

-Population structure is the percentage of young people, working age, elderly people and gender.

-More or better public services that improve the general quality of life.

-Improved education and training.

-Lower levels of crime and social tensions.

-Family and friends who may have already moved there.

-Lack of government investment in the public sector.

-Poor education and health services.

-Lack of resources.

-War and conflict.

-Reduced demand for public services. (Source)

-Not all money earned by economic migrants is spent in the host country but some is sent back-remittance. (Source)

-Migrant workers pay taxes and spend money which contributes to the economy and public services. (Destination)

-Young people balance out the older population in the country. (Destination)

-There is an increased labour force who are motivated and skilled, will work for lower wages and support the older generation with taxes. (Destination)

-Labour shortages of young working age people may occur leaving a higher dependency rate. (Source)

-Money sent back to country is not put back into the economy. (Destination)

-Locals and immigrants may compete with each other for jobs causing tensions and possibly xenophobia. (Destination)

-Increased demand for the public services. (Destination)

-Emigration is the movement out of a country and immigration is the movement into a country.

-Economic migrants are different from refugees and do not use the two terms interchangeably.

-Iraq invasion, Afghanistan and the conflicts with the Taliban, Syrian civil war and the Arab spring, persecution in Africa by Islamist militants such as Boko Haram and Al-Shabab.

-An asylum seeker is someone who has crossed an international border and applied for asylum in another country but has not yet been granted the full legal rights of being a refugee.