Section A Revision by

lenabartoszewicz — 2025-05-05 16:21:25 UTC

Also: how do the R-ladder or R-imperatives help explain them?

lenabartoszewicz — 2025-05-05 16:22:56 UTC

2025-05-06 10:16:39 UTC

Ethical theory refers to various perspectives and arguments which can be applied to assess the acceptability of business practices. There are two main types of ethical theory; consequentialist and non-consequentialist.

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Rules and principles that determine right or wrong

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different perspectives utilised to assess whether a practice it deemed good or bad

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Rules which determine right and wrong

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Ethical theory can be used to determine whether a business practice is acceptable or not. For example supplier practices can be viewed with a cultural absolutism or cultural relativism stance - whether or not the culture of the country in which a retailer is producing in should be considered or not.

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Using utilitarianism or cultural relativism, child labour in a developing country may be acceptable as the child can earn money for a living. However, when using the ethics of rights, child labour goes against the fundamental human rights of the children, making the decision unethical.

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ethical absolutivism

where claims are universally applicable. A retailer would not consider norms of other countries

ethical relativism

not reflective of universal morals and its context dependant e.g. child labour in other countries and informal working environments

2025-05-06 10:25:02 UTC

Ethical theory can be used in businesses practices to act as a guideline when making decisions. Ethical absolutism an ethical relativism is used globally and what may be right in one country may not be right in another

2025-05-06 10:28:07 UTC

The circular economy is connected to fashion as a way to keep resources in teh fashion loop for longer. With the industry promoting irresponsible consumption, employing a circular economy will reduce the amount of waste but also reduce the amount of inputs needed to supply the demand of consumers

2025-05-06 10:28:27 UTC

The circular economy is connected to sustainability in fashion as is aims to keep garments and resources in the loop for a longer period of time, reducing the environmental footprint. Any product which uses tangible resources is connected to circular economy principles as we need to maximise utilisation of resources which are already in the loop.

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A minimised element of 'take' followed by a cycle of making and wearing.

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This is used to ensure a structured system is in place within an organisations activities aligning with their strategic goals and stakeholders expectations

2025-05-06 10:31:10 UTC

At the end of a product's life the circular economy aims to 're-use', 'recycle', and 'recover' resources. Each of these methods have varying environmental impacts and levels of effectiveness as outlined in the waste framework directive. The best method is to reduce the amount of product wasted.

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Takes into account factors like corporate governance, risk management, compliance, ethical business practices, avoiding conflicts of interest, accounting integrity and transparency

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the classical (shareholder) perspective is when the organisation is solely focused on maximising profits instead of social benefits

The socio-economic perspective is on social responsibility rather than profitability

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Profit-driven - all objectives and business goals relate back to profit maximisation and cost minimisation
Holistic. approach - business considers not just profit but social and ethical factors too (e.g. TBL)

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Barrier 1:

Circular fashion requires a significant increase of 85% in garment collection. Having enough non-virgin resources in the first place is often a great challenge for brands aiming to scale circular fashion.

Barrier 2:

The poor quality of fast-fashion creates a barrier to scaling circularity as garments are being made not too last. pushing consumers to purchase new ones often. You can only use poor quality garments a very limited number of times before they become unusable. Scaling circular fashion requires good quality and thoughtful design in the first place which focuses on quality and longevity.

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Recycling transforms waste materials back into new products

Zero waste aims to eliminate waste generation at the source in the first place

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recycling is a way of employing zero waste fashion. By recycling, the materials are staying in the cycle for longer and therefore are produced into other products of use. This way, there is little to no waste

2025-05-06 10:37:29 UTC

Circular economy is deeply connected to the fashion industry as it aims to keep existing garments in a 'loop' meaning less textile waste. Additionally it means making new garments in creative ways in which minimises the use of new materials, such as upcycling garments, thus, keeping these materials in the 'loop.'

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items that are a mix of organic and synthetic materials therefore cannot be recycled

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Zero waste eliminates waste whereas recycling minimises waste. Zero waste can be pricey and complex for small brands, whereas for recycling, not all fabrics can be split.

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Enabler 1:

Mono-materials are much easier to recycle into new garments with current technology. Innovations in design for disassembly are also presenting lots of opportunities for scaling circular fashion.

Enabler 2:

Innovations in bio-materials, using waste from wider industries presents opportunities for scaling circular fashion without relying on the current state of garments to be re-used.

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16 key principles including design for a purpose, longevity, resource efficiency, biodegradability an recyclability. Production: source and produce more locally, without toxicity, with efficiency, with renewables and good ethics. as well as the 3 R's, collaboration globally, repairs, rental and second hand shopping. finally, buying higher quality items which last longer

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These are garments made from a blend of natural and synthetic fabrics which current recycling technology cannot break down to be re-used.

2025-05-06 10:48:23 UTC

zero waste fashion follows a preventative design model eliminating textile cut offs by using different cutting pattern techniques. Recycling is a process applied after the garment enters the waste stream and involves a form of upcycling garments.

Zero wastes will have a high barriers to entry due to cost for implementation

recycling garments over time eventually fibers weaken