Phrases

• Apologies in advance for…

Verbs/Verb Phrases

• to autogenerate

• to gamify

• to escape the rat race

Noun/Noun Phrases

• intermittent fasting

• info dump

• thigh (fried chicken)

• drumstick (fried chicken)

• chili jam (condiment)

• MSG (condiment)

• fusion cooking

• freemium

• portmanteau

• critique

• tech boomer

Adjectives/Adjectival Phrases

• immune

• talkative

• hard-coded

• claustrophobic

Verbs/Phrasal Verbs/Verb Phrases

• to rehash (something)

• to trigger (someone)

• to gaslight (someone)

Noun/Noun Phrases

• Easter egg (movies/computer games)

• tick box

• hot rodent boyfriend

• trigger warning

• “what if” scenario

• recession

• employability

• credentials

• aspirations

• digital nomad

• trade-off

• shortage

Adjectives/Adjectival Phrases

• freelance vs. salaried (employment)

• recession-proof

Abbreviations/Acronyms/Capitalisations

• Mr./Mrs./Miss/Ms. (titles/honorifics)

• EOD: end of day

• EOB: end of business

• > (means “is greater than”)

Academic Writing Skills

• note-taking

Language Functions

• modality

• hedge/filler speech, e.g., “like”

Accounting Language

• externality

• corporate controller

• investment banking

• private equity

Adjectives/Adjectival Phrases

• per-capita

• monetisable

Adverbs/Adverbial Phrases

• in theory

• per capita

Nouns/Noun Phrases

• travail/travel

• planned/command/mixed economy

• night/morning person

• outlier/statistical anomaly/black swan

• economies of scale

• jobseeker’s allowance (Irish/UK government term for unemployment assistance payments)

• irony

• witticism

• conflict of interest

• 10k restaurant

• key takeaways/insights

• slur/insult

Gerund Phrases

• note-taking

Verbs/Verb Phrases

• to pay it forward/backward

• to pivot to

• to leverage (something, e.g., assets or skills)

General Phrases

• a balanced approach

• “To be or not to be: that is the question.” (famous quote from Shakespeare’s “Hamlet”)

• “Everyone has their price.” (common truism)

Language for Speculating

• It might mean that...

• It may refer to...

Language Functions

• Signposting (speech)

• Cohesion devices (writing)

Accounting Language

• month-end close

• reconciliation

• depreciation

• expense

• fixed asset

• GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles)

• a tax write-off

• a perk/benefit-in-kind

Adjectives/Adjectival Phrases

• incremental

• phased

• materialistic

• decadent (negative slant on “materialistic”)

• aristocratic

• neutral

• descriptive

• accurate

• singular

• open to interpretation

• anti-clutter

Nouns/Noun Phrases

• insatiability

• soft rock (musical genre)

• easy listening

• everything app

• maverick

• linear progression

• cruel and unusual punishment, e.g. school on a Saturday(!)

• ambiguity

• existential fear

• black/white pill(er)

• (corporate) fatcat

• cryptocurrency (e.g. Bitcoin)

• consultant

• doomer/zoomer/boomer

• minimalism

• an educated guess (e.g. A southern Chinese person who speaks perfect English is from where?)

• social mobility

• value judgment

Gerunds

• kitesurfing

• hoarding

Verbs/Verb Phrases

• to cover/encompass

• to compare notes

• to hold the floor

• to plug (sell something, often in interviews on TV, radio, podcasts and social media)

• to stack

• to accrue

• to comb over/through

General Phrases

• a blessing or a curse?

• the human touch

• at work/in the workplace

• You don't know Jack!

• David vs. Goliath

• > (means “…is greater than…”— informal textspeak)

TED Talk: “Made from Mushrooms”

Word-count: 144

Dan Widmaier－ proud nerd, PhD in chemistry, wife in fashion, surprise

Two wallets － leather and mushroom

Closet － materials － sustainability crisis

Consume less? Not tenable － fashion not purely functional － human insatiability

Answer in nature － spider silk －sent tie to Stan Lee

Designers not interested － leather problem －5 biggest sold 50 billion USD but leather terrible for environment (cows)

Leather －collagen micro－structure －match in nature with mushrooms － fungi －mycelium (need a lot of)

First prototype sucked but Mylo is beautiful/functional/sustainable

Land use minimal － high density vertical agriculture (not possible with cows!)

Market penetration takes decades but brands willing － Lulu Lemon, Stella McCartney, Adidas

Paris Jackson modelled it － Stella McCartney handbag

Future is sustainability － fashion industry golden opportunity － not just making you but also planet beautiful

Word-count: 287

Apparel industry ≠ Patagonia in how they use plastic

Longer life cycle vs. cost reduction

Fast fashion model = disposability; new phenomenon = increased use of polyester

Two generations: market shift — natural to synthetic fibres

Oil & gas = cheap & so are clothes produced from it

Industry to blame not consumers

60 % increase in clothes but half wear time

Consumers buy more clothes for less money — latest trends a must-have

Buy clothing — better produced, lasts longer, fairer wages

More wears = better

Traditional recycling (blue bin) = too many complexities

Only 6% of clothing recycled resold

Sub-Saharan Africa = lowest quality

Global south — clothes disposal — burning = carbon back into atmosphere

Donating ≠ always good!

Larger systemic issues — customers can’t solve problems by themselves

Broader regulation/legislation needed for responsibility for disposal

Supply chains — need for mapping & disclosure

Garment industry = the oil &gas industry (more or less)

Companies must create & achieve science-based targets

Apparel industry > French, UK & German economies combined in environmental impact

Legislative progress = slow

Karba evaluates environmental impact reduction vs. extra cost

No petroleum-based materials: counter-productive

Recycling = good for decarbonising = GHG emissions reduction

Recycling ≠ silver bullet

Pasha: Patagonia study: what their carbon footprint is

Most impact — manufacturing = 80 – 90 percent neg. impact

Scale of fabric production = MASSIVE

Decoupling emissions & growth = huge challenge

Input from designers, & material & product developers + collaboration with gov. needed

Lawyer not eating or sleeping well but work v. meaningful

Aim is activism & legislative change

People = consumers (mentality)

Pres. George W. Bush told people to shop

Maxine: People have more power than they think = hope for future

Imperfect people must do what’s possible