·         Provision of R&D funding

·         Existence of dedicated ministries

·         Focus on networking and bringing actors together

 

·         Most cooperates build around biomedical and software industry.

·         Presence of strong educational institutions, universities, and colleges.

·         Tax reduction policies.

·         Housing and living subsidies to facilitate labour mobility. 

·         Infrastructure (public support). 

 

·         Universities and research institutions.

·         SMEs and start-up support policies related to the strategies of universities.

·         A lot of companies located in the region.

·         Tax reduction policies to attract new technology companies.

·         Infrastructure and supporting systems are very mature. 

 

What can we learn from this? Would it work in other settings?

 

·         History matters – existing actors entering new sectors / industries / systems. 

·         Finance and funding are necessary. 

·         Cases in China – government plays a more important role than free market. 

 

Can you give an example of a regional innovation system. What are in your view the advantages of this approach?

 

·         Accumulation of capabilities and capacity (a lot of actors working within a specific field / industry).

·         Horizontal integration within the supply

·         Collaboration that leads to better innovation.

 

Can regions build their innovation system? How?

 

·         Yes, but it requires deployment of effective policies and combination thereof. Provision of finance, tax breaks, technology deployment support (e.g. trade-in tariffs etc.).

·         It requires establishment of supportive organisational structures (intermediaries and other platforms for information exchange) and infrastructure.