KEY TERMS:

Linear Communication Model:

Believed in a clear communication of ideas from sender to receiver rather than finding how people make meaning.

 

Hall's Encoding/Decoding Model:

Media is encoded by the sender to be decoded by the receiver, with each informing how they will interpret the message.

 

SUMMARY OF KELLY’S MAIN ARGUMENT:

K-Pop fandoms are widely regarded as being influential in their politics, due to the cohesive nature of the groups’ intent. For political and human rights matters, the fandoms approach of utilizing social media to make their voices heard is extremely influential, where even some governments have noticed their impacts. Instances such as the George Floyd protests spurred movements within the fandom community, and their presence on social media allowed for huge impacts (for example, when they shut down the Dallas PD app). Although the fandom has been praised for its impacts, the fact that the group is largely made up of young girls has left many surprised by their impacts.

 

DESCRIBE HOW THIS APPROACH IS USEFUL TO MEDIA STUDIES SCHOLARS AND PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION:

An example of culture studies would be the recent boycott of J.K. Rowling due to her radical feminist comments made against transgender folks. Although she is the creator of Harry Potter and the wide popularity surrounding the text, recent movements by the franchise have sought to remove her from the narrative. For example, in the upcoming 20^th anniversary reunion, she will not be present due to her inappropriate comments made online.

 

The benefits of the model are found in the additional perspectives to the message, giving receivers (and media studies scholars) a chance to understand what the receiver is trying to say as well as why they are trying to say it.

 

i.e. Propaganda, such as "Triumph of the Will" is sending a message of antisemitism packaged as "caution" and "nationalism" for the intended crowd. "Blaming and othering X group is good because it makes you rid our country of problems" when the reality of the messages was about the need for scapegoats to blame problems on rooted in racism and fascism.

(wrote all the definitions and theorists but got deleted when refreshed ??)
- post-structuralism
- discourse
- governmentality
- power-knowledge
- ideology
- governmentality- process through which individuals shape and guide their conduct

theorists:
- Marx
- Foucault

Ouellette & Hay's main argument is that there are everyday techniques that consumers/individuals are encouraged to adopt and it is circulated through social and cultural intermediaries that authorize their expertise; as an example, doctors are the medical establishment and teachers are schools. It moves beyond the institution of government and is about a wider social context. It is built on self-discipline and the way that populations fall into line (as quoted by Dr. Keller). Creates uncertain outcomes by self-governing.

This approach is useful because it provides discourse analysis for specific topics and this can be seen in modern media such as reality TV which influences individuals who consume it for example with the Bachelorette a consumer might adopt views that are shaped by the show. In this way Governmentality is prevalent.

Key terms:
- Postfeminism
- Popular feminism
- Popular misogyny
- Feminism
- Gender
- Male gaze

Theorists:
- Judith Butler: Theorizing Gender: Butler’s Gender Trouble
- Gaye Tuchman (1978): “symbolic annihilation of women”
- Laura Mulvey and the Male Gaze
- Anita Sarkeesian: women in video games

- "Feminism becomes a sort of product, easy to either embrace or reject, rather than a historically complex series of movements and activism" (Weiser). This shows that the commodification of feminism takes away the value of the actual movement.