Name: Nur Adibah Binti Norsalmi

Age: 19 years old

Hometown: Cheng, Melaka

Secondary school: SMK Saujana Impian

Matric No: 254928

Mahallah: Fatimah al-majritiya

Course: DENTI

Email: adibahipoh@gmail.com

Facilitator: Sr. Hanan Najihah

Usrah Group: Group 9

Hobby:

-reading books and novel

-very passionet for cooking and baking

Al-Qada' comes from the word qada, which means judge, orbained, execute perfectly. When the things happen, then it becomes A-Qada'. Al-Qadar is before al-Qada'. Since its easy to pronounce, it is used as 'al Qad' wal-Qadar'.

Technically Al-Qadar refers to Allah’s complete Knowledge that is written in the Safe Tablet, His Will exist before the existence of all things and His creation of all things happen by His Command and Will.

THERE IS 4 COMPONENT OF QADA' AND QADAR.

1)Knowledge

Man must believe with total certainty that Allah Knowledge of everything, Allah S.W.T. know every detail that happens, whether it is of His own doing or His creatures.

Allah S.W.T knows:

a) what happen

b)what is happening now and future

c)If something didn't happen then He will know what would happened if it happened.

2) Writing.

Allah S.W.T written all his knowledge of the fate of His creture in the Preserved Tablet.

3) Will.

Allah wills the presence or absence of everything in the heavens and in the earth. Nothing in this worlde will be exist without His Will.

4) Creation.

We believe that Allah is the Creator of everything and anything, even Death, although it is the absence of Life.

The skies, the mountains, the winds, the vapour, the growth of living organisms, the droughts, all are the creation of Allah.

Benefits of Belief in Qada' and Qadar

1)Peace of mind.

2)Your concern is not so mucb with the past or future. Your main concern is your present action.

3)Gives you the will power and determination to go forward in the way of Allah.

4)Teaches you to be modest,humble and content

5)Leads to total depents on him.

6)Establish good manner and eliminate bad manners.

Belief in Rasul refers to,

1) A firm belief that Allah S.W.T sent a messenger to every nation and to call them to worshop Allah alone without any parners.

2) It is a belief that all Allah's messengers were truthful, virtous, trustful, trustworthy and rightly-guided servant who strove hard to guide their people to the right path and conveyed Allah’s message to them in full, without concealing, omitting or adding anything to it.

3)It is also believing in the sound reports that have been narrated from the messengersProphet

4)Following the laws of the messenger who has been sent to the Final prophet, Muhammad SAW, who was sent to all mankind.

All prophet bring the same message of al-tawhid. In this principle humankind should worhip and devotes himslef to Allah S.W.T alone and never associated Allah with anything else. Never worship other beside Allah S.W.T.

Obedience toward prophets in religious matters is obbedience to Allah S.W.T, anyone disobey to him he also disobeying Allah S.W.T.

Necesity of The Messengers:

1)Guide humanity to worship the Creator, Allah, instead of created beings.

​2)Clarify the purpose of life: to worship God and obey His commands.

3)​Show humanity the path to Paradise and salvation from Hellfire.

​4)Provide a clear proof against humanity so no one can claim ignorance on the Day of Judgment.

​5)Uncover unseen realities like the existence of angels and the Day of Judgment.

6​)Offer practical examples of how to live a moral and righteous life.

​Gratitude: He was well-known for thanking Allah and also expressing appreciation to others. A saying attributed to him is, "He who is not grateful to man is not grateful to Allah".

Tolerance: He showed tolerance, such as when he calmly handled a Bedouin who urinated in the mosque, instructing his companions not to be harsh with him.

Kindness: He advised people to be kind to others, regardless of how they are treated, saying, "accustom yourselves to do good if people do good and not to do wrong if they do evil".

​Accountability: He was self-critical and encouraged others to focus on their own flaws rather than the faults of others

Patience: He taught that patience is one of the best and most abundant gifts a person can be given.

1. ​The End of the World: The current world will end on an appointed day, and everything will be annihilated.

2. ​Resurrection (\text{al-Hashr}): On that day, all people who have ever lived will be brought back to life and presented before God for judgment.

3. ​The Record of Deeds: The complete record of every person's deeds and transgressions will be presented to God.

4. ​Judgment and Recompense:

   Those whose good deeds outweigh their transgressions will be rewarded (Paradise/eternal bliss).

   Those whose transgressions outweigh their good deeds will suffer severe punishment (Hell/abode of fire and torture).

BELIEF IN HEREAFTER HOLDS SIGNIFICANT IN HUMAN LIFE:

1. This message is brought by all prophet.

   It has always been an essential teaching of all prophets, including Muhammad (SAW).
   ​It is an essential condition for being a Muslim.
   ​Denial of this belief makes all other beliefs meaningless.

2. Man will measure the benefits and harm of their action.

   People naturally consider the consequences (benefits and harm) of their actions.
   ​This belief encourages a person to think about the value of their actions, leading them to avoid useless or unproductive activities.
   ​It creates a sense of accountability for one's actions.

• Linguistic meaning: Comes from Arabic root ḥ-s-n (ح-س-ن) meaning goodness, beauty, to do well, or to beautify.

• Technical/Islamic meaning: Doing things in the best way, with excellence, perfection, and kindness.

Key Aspects of Ihsan:

1. Ihsan in Worship:

• Worship Allah as if you see Him.

• Even if you don’t see Him, know that He sees you.

• This creates sincerity, mindfulness, and excellence in worship.

2. Ihsan in Dealing with Others:

• Go beyond justice – not just giving others what they deserve, but giving more and taking less.

• Be kind, merciful, and generous even when not obligated.

Qur'anic References:

1. Surah An-Nahl (16:90):

"Indeed, Allah orders justice (Adl), good conduct (Ihsan), and giving to relatives..."

• Ihsan is a level above justice.

• Encourages kindness, not just fairness.

2. Surah Al-Isra (17:23):

"...And to parents, good treatment (Ihsan)..."

• After worshiping Allah, the next greatest right is that of parents.

• Speak kindly, don’t show anger (not even "ugh!"), and pray for them.

Hadith References:

1. Hadith Jibreel:

"Ihsan is to worship Allah as if you see Him..."

• Ihsan means being deeply aware of Allah in all actions.

2. Hadith on Perfection (Muslim):

"Allah has prescribed Ihsan in all things. If you kill, kill well. If you slaughter, slaughter well..."

• Even in killing animals, be kind and cause least pain.

• Shows Ihsan applies to all actions, even towards animals.

• Eschatology = From Greek “eschatos” (last) + “logia” (study/discourse).

• It means the study of the “last things”:

➤ Death, Judgement, Paradise, and Hell.

• Islamic term: Al-Ākhirah (الآخرة) – meaning the Hereafter or Afterlife.

• Related Qur’anic terms:

➤ Al-Dār al-Ākhirah (Last Home)

➤ Al-Ḥāqqah (The Reality)

➤ Al-Ghāshiyah (The Overwhelming)

Importance of Belief in Eschatology

• Belief in the Hereafter is a pillar of faith in Islam.

• All Prophets taught their people to believe in life after death.

• Denying the afterlife = disbelief (kufr).

• Without belief in the afterlife, life has no ultimate purpose or moral accountability.

Why is the Afterlife Necessary?

• In this world:

➤ Good deeds often go unrewarded,

➤ Evil deeds often go unpunished.

• Therefore, there must be a Day of Judgement for full justice.

Main Elements of Islamic Eschatology

• Death

• Barzakh – the period between death and resurrection.

• Resurrection (Qiyamah) – all humans brought back to life.

• Judgement (Hisāb) – all actions judged by Allah.

• Paradise (Jannah) – reward for the righteous.

• Hell (Jahannam) – punishment for the wicked.

Qur'anic Verses on Eschatology

1. Allah owns the Hereafter – Surah Al-Baqarah 2:107

"To Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth..."

2. Rewards for the righteous – Surah An-Nisa 4:69–70

"Those who obey Allah and His Messenger... will be with the Prophets, martyrs, righteous..."

3. Paradise for believers – Surah An-Nisa 4:57

"Those who believe and do good deeds will enter Gardens beneath which rivers flow..."

4. Hell for disbelievers – Surah Ali Imran 3:10

"The fire will be their resting place..."

Signs of the Last Day (Hadith Jibreel)

• Prophet ﷺ said the signs include:

➤ A slave girl will give birth to her master (social inversion).

➤ Barefoot shepherds will compete in building tall buildings (rise of materialism).

Core Message

• The belief in the Hereafter shapes moral and spiritual life.

• Ihsān means doing good deeds sincerely and perfectly, as if you see Allah.

• It's a key part of Islam, like prayer and belief in the Day of Judgment.

• A person who practices Ihsān (a Muḥsin) is always aware of Allah and tries to please Him.

• Ihsān brings peace in this life and leads to Allah’s pleasure in the next.

• Reaching this level helps one attain Paradise, which is the goal of Eschatology—the study of the afterlife in Islam.