>solid

>liquid

>gas

-water on earth is commonly found on the water stores.

~ Glaciers('what are Glaciers' refer to line 25 )

~ Rivers

~Lakes

~Groundwater

~soil

• High salt content

• Unsuitable for direct use

• Requires desalination for most purposes

large masses off ice that rest on land or float in the sea .

formed when enough snow accumulates and hardens into ice .

moves around slowly because they are very heavy.

What are oceans?

large masses of water that are connected to one another

there are 5 oceans around the world

• 96.5%[oceans]

• 1.7%[glaciers] [40]

• 1.03% [others such as swamps , atmosphere]

• 0.76% [groundwater ]

• 0.007% [lakes]

• 0.002% [rivers]

• 0.001%[soil moistures]

water surplus and water deficeit

input- rainwater, glaciers/icecaps melt, surface inflow

output- evaporation, evapotranspiration surface outflow (carrying capacity- how much water it can store)

rate of infiltration- speed at which soil can absorb water

groundwater (saturated area)- water table (saturated and unsaturated)

flashfloods- urban areas- short period of time heavy/intense rainfall

river floods- long period of time rainfall

WAYS TO REDUCE WATER PROBLEMS:

doners(donators) don't have reliabilities about water sustainability. water systems are not being designed to meet the demands of the users. less than 10% of households in Africa has access to pipe water.

paying 481 million to reduce nutrients

wastewater for water facility improvements

turbidity= how clear/chalky the water is.

water saver pack:

water saving thimble

flush saver cistern bag

leak detection tablet.

Singapore's government has invested 87 million dollars for water technology. they have also created a desalination using energy efficient equipment.

>generate oxygen (absorb carbon dioxide to produce/generate oxygen)

>carbon storage

>habits for diverse animal life

>protection from soil erosion

generation of oxygen:

green lungs of earth

1) absorb carbon dioxide for atmosphere (CO2 is a GH gas and traps heat)

2) release oxygen through photosynthesis

TRF act as earths natural air purifier

dense vegetation of TRF keeps earth cool

keep temperature lower

carbon storage: TRF contributes to carbon storage because...

1)they absorb CO2 in solid form in plants in leaves , branches, stems, & roots (soil carbon)

2)this helps to balance amount of CO2 being added to atmosphere through natural processes like respiration and decomposition (dead leaves)

Carbon Sink

carbon oxidation -> a process that produces cardon dioxide

Conductive HABITATS: why TRF is suitable habitats/home for abundance & diversity of flora(flower) & fauna(animal):

TRF has rich Biodiversity: WHY?

Reason: warm climate, abundance of water(rainfall) &food makes it suitable habitat

Niches -> terms for organisms, habitats

Organisms that live at higher latitudes have to be more adaptable, as life is more stable and predictable in the tropics. Countries that are in the tropics have the same time for day and night 12/12 darkness and sunlight.

Prevent soil erosion(removal of soil):

1) forests are important in keeping the soil together and keeping the shape together. Forests are also important to help prevent soil erosion, if trees are removed, soil erosion will happen.

2) leaves reduce infiltration rates/absorption rate of soil

Loose soil -> little infiltration -> high surface runoff

surface run off -> 1.soil carrying capacity is full 2. soil infiltration rate is slow or little