Teachers ELECTRICITY & EFFECTS by Lizelle Swanepoel https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy en-us 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC 2026-03-06 23:50:25 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Lightdecrease.png lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042844 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042844 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042845 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042845 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042846 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042846 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042847 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042847 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042848 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042848 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042849 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042849 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042850 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042850 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042851 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042851 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042852 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042852 NOTES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042853 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042853 DEFINITIONS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042854 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042854 FORMULAE lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042855 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042855 TIMELINE OF ELECTRICITY INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042856 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042856 HOW TO WIRE A PLUG lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042857 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042857 What is electricity? lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042858 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042858 How is electricity produced in batteries? lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042860 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042860 Electrical conduction in metals lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042861 Metals consist of a “sea” of delocalised electrons surrounding positive ions. 
  • The delocalised electrons are free to move through the crystal structure. 
  • When metals are connected to a power source, the electrons all drift in the same direction which creates an electric current (flow of charge at a certain rate).
]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042861 Ammeters and Voltmeters lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042862 An ammeter measures current in a circuit. 
  • An ammeter has VERY LITTLE RESISTANCE. 
  • An ammeter is always connected in SERIES with components in a circuit, as it must allow all the current to flow through it in order to measure current. 

A Voltmeter measures potential difference between two points in a circuit. 
  • A voltmeter has GREAT RESISTANCE. 
  • A Voltemeter must therefore always be connected in parallel with a component in a circuit, in order to measure the difference in potential energy between two points right before and after a resistor. 

]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042862 CURRENT lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042863 Current = The rate of flow of charge between two points in a circuit. ]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042863 VOLTAGE lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042864 Voltage = Electrical energy transferred per unit charge between two points in a circuit.

VOLTAGE = The "PUSH" behind the charge in the circuit.
EMF = The maximum voltage output of a cell or battery to the circuit.]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042864 RESISTANCE lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042865 Resistance = A material’s opposition to the flow of current through it.

The factors that affect resistance of a resistor: 
  • Length
  • Thickness
  • Temperature
  • Type of material (resistivity)

State the relationship between resistance and each of these factors, and give a reason for each relationship. 
]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042865 TYPES OF RESISTORS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042866 1. The Fixed resistor]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042866 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042867 2. The Variable resistor]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042867 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042868 3. The Potentiometer]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042868 OHM'S LAW - THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN I, V and R lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042869 OHM'S LAW STATES:
Current through a conductor is directly proportional to potential difference across a conductor, provided the temperature of the conductor stays constant.
Therefore, in a formula:
R = V/I]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042869 OHM'S LAW EXPLAINED lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042870 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042870 Solving circuit problems using Ohm’s Law (R=V/I) lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042871 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042871 RECAP - Current, Voltage and Resistance lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042873 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042873 VIDEO PROBLEM lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042874 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042874 VIDEO PROBLEM lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042875 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042875 Use the diagram to explain as many circuit concepts as you can: lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042876 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042876 LOOK OUT FOR MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT SIMPLE CIRCUITS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042877
Students sometimes fail to discriminate between these terms and concepts:

  • Potential difference (pd) versus voltage: 
  • pd - it emphasises that we are measuring a change in “push” between two different points in an electric circuit (rather than “push” at one point).

  • Electromotive force (emf) is a term for 'voltages' across sources of electrical energy.

  • Cells becoming 'discharged' - charge is not used up, energy is transferred.

  • Conventional current:
    - This flows (by definition) from positive to negative around the external circuit 
    - Inside the cell chemical reactions ‘pump’ charge carriers to the terminals. 
    - Some may say that ‘physicists got it wrong because we now know that electrons flow the other way.’ 
    - But it is really an arbitrary choice. 
    - One can illustrate this by looking at current flow and movement of charge carriers in an electrolyte (or an ionized gas). 
    - Positive ions go one way, negative ions go the other way. 
    - And so, however current is defined, there are always examples where current direction and charge carrier movement are opposite.

  • Current flows all around a circuit: including through the cell itself.

  • A useful analogy for charge flow:
    A Bicycle Chain!
    - This transfers energy from you (equivalent to the cell) to the rear wheel.
    - The chain is not used up (neither is charge),
    - and does not disappear when you run out of energy (when the cell runs flat and the chemical reactions within it stop).
    - It has no beginning and no end.
    - It moves as a SYSTEM, every part all at once.
    - this is the CYCLIC SIMULTANEOUS MODEL OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS. 

  • Another analogy:
  • Skiers (charges) being lifted up a mountain by a ski lift (external energy source/emf/cell) and then skiing down a slope (resistor). 
  • This is useful for the idea of voltages in parallel circuits. 
  • Parallel slopes drop different skiers through the same vertical height (equal voltages across components in parallel).
]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042877 CIRCUIT PROBLEM - EXAM STYLE QUESTION lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042879 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042879 EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042880 This is what we will look at:
  1. The heating effect
  2. The magnetic effect
  3. The chemical effect
]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042880 1. HEATING EFFECT OF CURRENT lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042881 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042881 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN CURRENT FLOWS IN A WIRE? lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042882 TIME-LAPS OF CURRENT CARRYING WIRE HEATING UP:]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042882 Factors affecting heating due to electrical current lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042883 I, R, t.]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042883 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042884 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042884 2. MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042885
  • Discovered by Hans Christiaan Oersted
  • Called the electromagnetic effect.
    • ]]>     2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042885     MAGNETIC FIELDS AROUND A CURRENT CARRYING WIRE lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042886 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042886 ELECTROMAGNETS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042888 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042888 Uses of electromagnets lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042889 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042889 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042890 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042890 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042891 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042891 RIGHT HAND GRIP RULE AND RIGHT HAND SOLENOID RULE lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042892 Use these to work out direction of magnetic field around a straight or coiled current carrying wire (watch this video):]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042892 Indicate the following on the diagram below: lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042893
  • The direction of current flow in the coil around the iron nail.
  • The North pole and South pole induced in the right and left sides of the nail respectively.
    • ]]>     2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042893     HOMEWORK lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042894
  • EXPERIMENT 4 - Answer all questions.
  • EXERCISE on page 51-52
  • EXERCISE on page 59
  • EXERCISE on page 62
    • ]]>     2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042894     ELECTROMAGNETISM IN ACTION lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042895 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042895 CERN - WHERE ELECTRODYNAMICS LIVE! lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042896
  • Electromagnets are used to bend protons in a circular path close to the speed of light!
    • ]]>     2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042896     Superconducting electromagnets in the LHC at CERN lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042898 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042898 Saints at CERN! lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042899 August 2019]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042899 At CERN Control Centre lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042900 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042900 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042901 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042901 CERN CONTROL CENTRE lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042902 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042902 “Going through the portal” and then descending 100m underground to CMS in the LHC. lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042903 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042903 100m underground at the CMS Detector in the Large Hadron Collider! lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042904 Spot Kyle Mlambo in the front row!]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042904 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042905 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042905 The LHC Tunnel lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042906 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042906 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042907 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042907 CERN VISITS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042908 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042908 HANDS-ON AT CERN! Building Cloud Chambers in S’COOL LAB at CERN lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042909 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042909 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042910 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042910 Dry ice in action lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042911 Not “ice that is dry” ...]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042911 The boys observing the cloud chambers they built at CERN’s S’COOL LAB lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042912 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042912 Kyle Mlambo and team observing cosmic rays zipping through their cloud chamber lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042913 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042913 Cloud chamber in action! lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042914 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042914 The CERN Globe lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042915 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042915 Armand in front of the CERN Globe statue! lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042916 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042916 All clocks at CERN, in every room and office, are ROLEX. lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042917 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042917 ELECTROMAGNETS BEFORE CRYOGENICS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042918 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042918 YOUR OWN ELECTROMAGNETS: lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042919 Well done!]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042919 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042920 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042920 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042921 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042921 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042922 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042922 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042923 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042923 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042924 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042924 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042925 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042925 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042926 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042926 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042927 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042927 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042928 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042928 3. CHEMICAL EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042929 Sending electricity through a chemical solution causes a chemical reaction. 
    • It causes a breakdown of the chemical (aqueous salt e.g. copper chloride) into its constituents parts (e.g. copper chloride breaks into copper metal and chlorine gas).
    This is the set up below:
    ]]>     2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042929     ELECTRODES AND ELECTROLYTE lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042930 ELECTRODE = A point where electric current enters and leaves an electrolyte.
    ELECTROLYTE = A substance that conducts electricity by free moving ions in solution.]]>     2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042930     THE CHEMICAL EFFECT OF ELECTRICITY = ELECTROLYSIS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042932 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042932 ELECTROSTATIC FORCE BETWEEN IONS AND ELECTRODES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042933 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042933 REACTIONS OCCURRING AT THE ANODE AND THE CATHODE lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042934 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042934 ELECTROLYSIS EXPERIMENT lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042935 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042935 Electrolysis - general explanation lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042936 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042936 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042937 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042937 CHEMICAL EFFECT OF CURRENT - ELECTROLYSIS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042938 Do this Edpuzzle quiz. Make sure you learn from it and go back and redo questions you did not get right.]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042938 POWER GENERATION lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042939 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042939 POWER GENERATION VIDEO lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042940 Electricity is generated using generators in large power stations. It is then transmitted and distributed to homes and businesses via the National Grid. ]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042940 THE NATIONAL GRID lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042941 Def:
    The National Grid = A system of parts (such as power plants, transmission lines, transformers, substations, distribution lines) which function together as a whole to generate and deliver electricity to consumers at the end of the line.

    The illustration below shows how ESKOM delivers electricity from power station to consumer throughout the country. 
    The national grid is divided up into three main stages: 
    1. Generation
    2. Transmission
    3. Distribution to consumers
    ]]>     2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042941     THE NATIONAL GRID CONNECTS US ALL lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042942 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042942 HOW COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS GENERATE ELECTRICITY lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042943 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042943 ALTERNATIVE SOURCES THAT GENERATE ELECTRICITY lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042944 Do this for homework. ]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042944 LET'S MARK! lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042945 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042945 HOW TO GENERATE A CURRENT IN A WIRE lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042946 Electricity is generated using generators in large power stations. ]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042946 HOW IS ELECTRICITY PRODUCED? lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042947 BY THE AID OF GENERATORS]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042947 TRANSFORMERS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042948 USED TO TRANSIT ELECTRICITY OVER LONG DISTANCES AND TO DISTRIBUTE IT SAFELY.]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042948 STEP-UP VS STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMERS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042949
  • A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another through electromagnetic induction. 
  • Transformers are used to step-up or step-down voltage in AC circuits.
    • This is how they work:
    ]]>     2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042949     STEP-UP VS STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMERS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042950 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042950 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042951 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042951 NATIONAL GRID MODEL lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042952 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042952 HOMEWORK lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042953
  • ASSIGNMENT ON PAGE 65
  • QUESTION ON PAGE 66
    • ]]>     2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042953     MARK HOMEWORK lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042955 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042955 COST OF ELECTRICITY lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042956 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042956 FIRST, WHAT IS POWER? lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042957
  • Electricity is measured in units of power called Watts.
  • The unit is named after James Watt, the inventor of the steam engine. 
  • A Watt is the power transferred when one ampere of current moves under the pressure of one Volt. (P=IV)
  • 1W is a small amount of power.
    • ]]>     2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042957     lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042958 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042958 POWER RATING lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042959
  • A power rating shows the rate at which a device can convert electrical energy to other forms of energy.
  • On a light bulb it shows how fast the bulb converts electrical energy to LIGHT.
    • ]]>     2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042959     POWER IS THE RATE AT WHICH WORK IS DONE lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042960 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042960 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042961 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042961 WE BUY ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM ESKOM IN UNITS OF kWh (kilowatt-hours) lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042962
  • Not power directly
  • But Power multiplied with Time
    • ]]>     2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042962     lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042963 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042963 COST FORMULA AND CALCULATIONS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042964 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042964 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042966 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042966 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042967 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042967 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042968 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042968 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042969 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042969 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042970 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042970 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042971 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042971 CALCULATING COST OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042972 EXERCISE]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042972 HOMEWORK lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042973 END-OF-CHAPTER EXERCISES:
    QUESTION 5 on pages 77-79]]>     2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042973     H/W ANSWERS - QUESTION 5 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042974 Use the "ANSWERS TO NOTES" below to mark this end-of-chapter exercise:]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042974 ANSWERS TO NOTES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042975 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042975 REVISION - PART 1 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042976 WORKSHEET]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042976 MEMO - REVISION WORKSHEET lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042977 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042977 CALCULATIONS USING OHM’S LAW lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042979 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042979 REVISION - PART 2 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042980 TEST]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042980 TEST MEMO lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042981 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042981 Series-parallel circuit problems lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042984 Watch this video on worked examples ]]> 2020-07-28 10:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/4b7nprl91cqnm0wy/wish/664042984