My fearless wall by Zainal Fitri https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj Made with a lightning strike of genius en-us 2019-02-12 00:21:51 UTC 2019-03-22 00:28:41 UTC hello@padlet.com Activity 2.3 zf_mz_85 https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330153439 ============

1. What is the purposes of data link layers?
2. List and describe 2 sublayers in data link layers?
3. Describe data link layer process.
4. What do you know about MAC method?
5. What can happen if data link layer do not exist?
6. What is data link layer frames.
7. List down data link layer frames.
8. what information are needed by control information?
9. Describe data link layer standard.

]]> 2019-02-12 01:07:53 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330153439 Marissa anak Lisang (05DNS17F2006) https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154440 1. The data link layer is the protocol layer  in a program that handles the moving of data into and out of a physical link in a network .
2.Logic link control(LLC) - the IEEE 802.2 LAN protocol the specifies an implementation of the LLC sublayer of the data link layer. The LLC sublayer is responsible for reliable transfer of frames between two directly connected entities. 
Media Access Control(MAC) - closely associated with the physical layer and defines the means by which the physical channel (medium) may be accessed. . It coordinates the attempts to seize a shared channel by multiple MAC entities to avoid or reduce the collisions in it.
3. The data link layer is concerned with local delivery of frames between nodes on the same level of the network. 
4. responsible for moving data packets to and from one Network Interface Card (NIC) to another across a shared channel.
5.The program that handles the moving of data into and out of a physical link in a network will be error.
6. a simple container for a single network packets.
7.Header,data and trailer.
8. Data Link Layer Protocol.
9.

]]> 2019-02-12 01:12:44 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154440 ALISA MOHAMAD NOR (05DNS17F2011) https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154443 1.The purpose of data link layers is to deal transmission errors then it also regular flow of data and also can provide interface to network layer.

2. Sublayers in data link layers is Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC).
Logical Link Control (LLC) for software proccess to provide services to network layer protocols. then Media Access Control (MAC) for processess performed(hardware) to provide data link layer addressing  and it depend to protocol that be used.

3. Data link layer proccess is to move data or out data form pyhsical layer 1 data link process.

4. What i know about MAC method is  to responsible the moving data packets step by step from NIC (Network Interface Card ) to another across a shared channel.
 
5. The data not will not transfer easy to another transmissions cannot happen if data link layer do not exist.

6. Data link layer frames is includes in the OSI model of computer networking. It simple single of packet network.
 
7. Data link layer frames includes header, data, and trailer.

8. Information are needed by control information is data link layer protocol.

9.Data link layer standard for provides the functional in data link layer and it also provide or detect possibly correct errors bugs that may occur in the physical layer.]]> 2019-02-12 01:12:45 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154443 Gladys Bulan Tom (05DNS17F2018 https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154471 1. Threr are three main functions which are handles problem that are occur as a result of bit transmisssion errors. It also ensures the data flows at a pace that doesn't overhelm sending and receiving devices. Other then that, it permits the transmission of data to the Layer 3 which is the Network Layer, where it is addressed and routed.

2.]]> 2019-02-12 01:12:53 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154471 Muhammad Hanafi (05DNS17F2026) https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154535 1. Provide a well-defined interface to the network layer.
2. Upper sub-layer which is Logical Link Control (LLC) interacts with the network layer.
Lower sub-layer which is Media Access Control (MAC) interacts with the physical layer.
3. Ensures that all the packets information are passed on free of errors.
4. The MAC layer is responsible for moving data packets from one Network Interface Card (NIC) to another across a shared channel.
5. It will need to provide IP for each of the media.
6.  point-to-point connection between devices consists of a wire in which data is transmitted as a stream of bits.
7.  Header, Packet(data) and Trailer
8. Data link layer protocol
9. Implementing and creating networks related to equipment.]]> 2019-02-12 01:13:16 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154535 Michael Ginon Chung (05DNS17F2028) https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154643 1.  makes frame and control media acces control while run error detection.

2. - Logical Link Control (LLC)
- Media Access Control (MAC)

3. the packaging of packets into frame and technique for frame to get in and out of media.

4.  is a sublayer of the data link layer (DLL) in the seven-layer OSI network reference model.

5. IP would have to provide connections for every type of media that could run on it and need to be updated if a new network tech is created.

6. packaged Layer3 packets.

7. - Header
- Data
-Trailer

8. Data Link Layer Protocol.

9. Rules that defines data link layers base on tech and media.

]]> 2019-02-12 01:13:48 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154643 Enstern Sibat (05DND17F2021) https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154692 1.Make frame and control media access control while detecting error.
2. a) Logical Link Control (LLC) - It place the information in the frame that identifies which network layer protocol is being used for the frame
b) Media Access Control (MAC) -It defines the media access processes performed by the hardware
3. The purposes of data link layers is to move data into and out of a physical link in a network. 
4.MAC provides flow control and multiplexing for the transmission medium.
5.If data link layer do not exist, packets from lower layer can't be received
6.Data link layer frame is a packet for transport across the local media
7. a)Header
b)Data
c)Trailer
8.Data Link Layer Protocol
9.Maintains the functional protocols and services for the TCP/IP protocol suite in the upper layers
]]> 2019-02-12 01:14:05 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154692 Osvera Vila Justin (05DNS17F2005) https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154732 1. The purposes of data link layer is to ensures that all packets of information are passed on free of errors.

2.  a) logical link control(LLC)
manages communications between devices over a single link of a network.
      b) media access control(MAC)
governs protocol access to the physical network medium.

3. Data link layer process .
It is a protocol layer in a program that handles the moving of data into and out of a physical link in a network.

4. MAC method.
The Media Access Control Layer is one of two sublayers that make up the Data Link Layer of the OSI model. The MAC layer is responsible for moving data packets to and from one Network Interface Card (NIC) to another across a shared channel.

5. Cannot detect the bit transmission error.

6. Frames are the result of the final layer of encapsulation before the data is transmitted over the physical layer.

7.  3 data link layer frames :
     a) header
     b) packet/segmentdata
     c) trailer

8. Data link layer protocol

9. The Data link layer describes the logical organization of data bits transmitted on a particular medium.
    
    ]]> 2019-02-12 01:14:22 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154732 Patrica (05DNS17F2030) https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154759
  • this layer is the protocol layer that transfers data between adjacent network nodes in wide area network(WAN) or between nodes on the same local area network(LAN) segment. 
  • a) Logical link control sublayer - the uppermost sublayer, LLC, multiplexes protocols running at the top of data link layer, and provides flow control, acknowledgement, and error notification.   b)Media access control sublayer - determines who is allowed to access the media at any one time (e.g. CSMA/CD 
  •  specify how devices detect and recover from such collisions, and may provide mechanisms to reduce or prevent them.
  • two forms of media access control :distributed and centralized. both may compared to communication between people. 
  • That transfer can be reliable or unreliable; many data-link protocols do not have acknowledgments of successful frame reception and acceptance, and some data-link protocols might not even have any form of checksum to check for transmission errors. 
  •  A frame is a digital data transmission unit in computer networking and telecommunication. In packet switched systems, a frame is a simple container for a single network packet. In other telecommunications systems, a frame is a repeating structure supporting time-division multiplexing.  
  • a) Header,
    • ]]>     2019-02-12 01:14:29 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154759     steffy (05dns17f1073) https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154769 1.  the data link layer is the second layer in the OSI model. The three main function of the data link layer are to deal with transmission errors, regulate the flow of data, and provide a well-defined interface to the network layer.

    2. The data link layer has two sublayers. One is the logical link control (LLC) sublayer, which essentially maintains the communications link between two devices on the network. 
    -  The other is the media access control (MAC) sublayer which manages the transmission of data between two devices.

    3. The data link layer is the protocol layer in a program that handles the moving of data into and out of a physical link in a network.

    4.  The MAC method first appeared in 1965. It was developed by Harlow and Welch [36], [104] specifically for free surface flows as a variant of PIC method. Based on an Eulerian staggered grid system, the MAC method is a finite difference solution technique for investigating the dynamics of an incompressible viscous fluid

    5. data link layer will be error. And data link layer also have a flow regulation. 

    6. data link layer frames - small fixed ( or max ) length pieces of data. Frame length specific to hardware. Frame is packet encoded for transmission on this link.

    7.  header, data and trailer.

    8.For any information system to serve its purpose, the information must be available when it is needed. This means the computing systems used to store and process the information, the security controls used to protect it, and the communication channels used to access it must be functioning correctly

    9. The data link layer is the protocol layer in a program that handles the moving of data into and out of a physical link in a network. The data link layer is Layer 2 in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) architecture model for a set of telecommunication protocols
    ]]>     2019-02-12 01:14:31 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154769     wilma (05DNS17F2032 https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154959 1. The data link layer ensures that all packets of information are passed on free of errors.The data link layer is the second layer in the OSI Model.
    2.- upper sublayer ( LCC)  that interact with the network layer.
    - lower sublayer (MAC) that interact with the pyhsical layer.
    3. This layer is the protocol layer that transfers data between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network (WAN) or between nodes on the same local area network (LAN) segment.
    4.marker and cell-harlow welch 1965.standars techniques for simulating incrompessible fluids.
    5.the inforamation cannot be transfer to the interface.
    6.Frames are the result of the final layer of encapsulation before the data is transmitted over the physical layer. A frame is "the unit of transmission in a link layer protocol, and consists of a link layer header followed by a packet.
    7. Frame Header − It contains the source and the destination addresses of the frame.
    Payload field − It contains the message to be delivered.
    Trailer − It contains the error detection and error correction bits.
    Flag − It marks the beginning and end of the frame.
    8.information between people and system.
    9. Standards that operate at the Data Link Layer include: ethernet, wi-fi, Frame relay, ATM, and PPP. 

    ]]>     2019-02-12 01:15:36 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154959     Geverico Geoffrey(05dns17f2027) https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154975  1.   The purpose of data link layers is to deal the transmission errors. regulate the flow of data, and to make sure the interface well defined.
    2.  Logical Link Control - To maintain the communication link between to devices . 
    Media Access Control-  Use to transmission of data packets an the network interface card, anlso to and form another remotely shared channel.
    3.  A protocol layer in a program that handles the moving of data into an out . Also data bits are encoded and decoded and organized in the data link.
    4. MAC method is to finite difference solution technique for investigating the dynamics of an incompressible viscous fluid.
    5. The data link will not provides the  functional and procedural means that no data will be transfer  between network entities . 
    6. Are the result  of the final layer of encapsulation before the data is transmitted over the physical layer. Also the unit of transmission in a link layer protocol, and consists of link layer header.
    7.   Start and stop indicator field, adressing field, quality, and data field.
    8. Segregation of duties, system development life cycle, security and thisrd parties cloud computing.
    9 rule on dta link base on media rules]]>     2019-02-12 01:15:42 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330154975     Siti Nur Azizah (05DNS17F2012) https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330155017 1.The purpose of data link layer is to  responsible for transporting data within a network. Data link layer pack the higher layer data into frames.

    2. Data link sublayer:
    ~LLC (logical link control) sublayer
      - provide interface to network layer protocol
      -managaes flow control
    ~MAC (media access control) sublayer
      -manage access to physical layer
      -append destination computer's physical address onto data frame

    3. Passes each data link layer frame to the physical layer process for delivery to the next computer.

    4. MAC layer perform some typically upper laer functions.

    5. Reliable and efficient communications between machines cannot be achieved.

    6. The process of breaking the bit into discrete frames.

    7. Data link layer frame:
    • Application 
    • Presentation
    • Session
    • Transport
    • Network
    • Data link
    • Physical

    8. Data link layer protocols.

    9. Govern the transmission of frames accross a single netwrok by sending then to several switches along the data link
    • ISO
    • IEEE
    • ITU
    • ANSI

    ]]>     2019-02-12 01:16:01 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330155017     Wong Siew Kiet https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330155140 (05DNS17F2022)
    1. Contorl media access and perform error massage.
    2.]]>     2019-02-12 01:16:35 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330155140     HAZIQ HAMDAN (05DNS17F2019) haziqhamdan1798 https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330155241 1. To handle problems that occurs from bit transmission errors, ensure smooth data flow to all devices, allows transmission to Network Layer where it being addressed and routed
    2. (Logical link control) LLC and (Media access control) MAC
    3. LLC multiplexes protocols running at top of data link, providing flow control, acknowledgement and error notifications. Information is then sent to MAC and irt function depends on addresses used
    4. Provide flow control and multiplexing for transmission medium by LLC
    5. No means of transferring data worldwide
    6. To allow synchronization of bits from source to destination. A smaller frame makes flow control and error control more efficient
    7. Frame header, payload field, trailer, flag
    8. Frame type
    9. Rules that define data link layer based on tech and media]]>     2019-02-12 01:17:09 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330155241     Bowie Darwis [05DNS17F2029 https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330155381 1. controlling how data is placed and received on the media.
    2. a) Logical link control sublayer. This sublayer multiplexs protocols running atop the data link layer and optionally provides flow control, acknowledgement, and error recovery.
    2. b) Media access control sublayer. This sublayer determines who is allowed to access the media at any one time.
    3. The data link layer is the protocol layer in a program that handles the moving data into and out of a physical link in a network.
    4. MAC is responsible for moving data packets to and from one network interface card to another across a shared channel.
    5. frames collision will be occur.
    6. Frames are the result of the final layer of encapsulation before the data is transmitted over the physical layer.
    7.  a) header
         b) Data 
         c) trailer
    8. Data link layer protocol
    9. it is a standard that have been provide to the data link layer, it can control the data by using the standard.]]>     2019-02-12 01:17:51 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330155381     Mohd Ibnu Walid (05dns17f2003) https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330155458 1. To control media access and avoiding error transmission.
    2. Logical Link Control : upper sublayer that defines as software process that provide services in network layers protocol.
    Media access Control : lower sublayer that performed as media access process by hardware.
    3. Data link layer process is an -process or software that being use to connected hardware to networking through some layer which is called LLC layer & MAC layer. without this data link layer , network layer protocols will not working or having error during transmission.
    4.  MAC method is a OSI layer which being used as a transmitter data to or from NIC to another channel.
    5. The data that want to be transmitted will be errors or being interrupted by other elements. This will cause that someone will not able to sending or receiving the data .
    6. The unit of transmission in a link layer protocols, and consists of a link layer header followed by a packet.
    7.  Data Link Frame :
    a. Frame Header 
    b. Packet/Segment/Data
    c. Trailer
    8.  Data Link Layer Protocols
    9. the rules that being used to maintain the function of data link layer and avoiding the errors / bugs happens. also it used to ful fill requirement from the user / organizer]]>     2019-02-12 01:18:04 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330155458     Eurgien Anak Anthony (05DNS17F2023 https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330155514 1. Providing a well-defined service interface to the network layer.

    2.a) Logical Link Control(LLC)-Frame information that identifies the Network Layer Protocol
    b) Media Access Control(MAC)- Media access processes performed by the hardware

    3.Handles the moving of data into and out of a physical link in a network.

    4.Provides Data Link Layer addressing and framing of the data according to the protocol in use. 

    5.No data transfers between adjacent network nodes in a wide are network(WAN) or between nodes on the same local area network(LAN) segment.

    6. Data link layer translate the physical layer's raw bit stream into discrete (messages).

    7.  HEADER, Packet(Data), TRAILER

    8.  Data Link layer protocol

    9. Rules that define data link layer base on Tech and Media.]]>     2019-02-12 01:18:24 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330155514     https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330156161 Bruin ak Thomas (05DNS17F2031)

    1.     is the second layer in the OSI Model. The three main functions of the Data link layer are to deal with transmission errors, regulate the flow of data, and provide a well-defined interface to the Network layer.

    2. Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC). The LLC sublayer manages communications between devices over a single Link of a network. The MAC is media access processes performed by the hardware

    3. The data link layer is the protocal layer in a program that handles the moving of data into and out of a physical link in a network.

    4.  standard technique for simulating incompressible fluids w/Navier-stokes fluid equations

    5.  No data will be transfer between two network

    6. ]]>     2019-02-12 01:21:37 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330156161     Gladys Bulan Tom (05NDS17F2018 https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330156350 1. The purpose is to makes sure the appropriate physical protocol is assigned to the data. There are three main functions of the data link layer which are to deal with transmission errors, regulate the flow of data, and provide a well-defined interface to the network layer.

    2. The first sublayers is Logical Link Control (LLC), it manages the communications between an device over a single link of an network. The second sublayers is Media Access Control (MAC), it is used for network address that are typically configured manually on ports within a network.

    3. It is a protocol layer in a program that handles the moving data into and out from the physical link in a network. This data link layer 2 in an Open Systems Interconnection. The data bits are encoded, decoded and organized in the data link layer before transported as frames between two adjacent nodes on the same LAN and WAN.

    4. The MAC transfer a data bit by using binary number (0 and 1). It also control the access to the physical media for transport.

    5. Unable to receive or sent a data.]]>     2019-02-12 01:22:40 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330156350     WONG SIEW KIET(05DNS17F2022 https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330157575 1.accept layer 3 packet and also control media access and perform error detection.

    2.logical link control - define software processes that provide services to the network later protocols.
      media access control - defines the media access processes performed by the hardware.

    3.  makes sure the appropriate physical protocol is assigned to the data.

    4.  is a sublayer of the data link layer (DLL) in the seven-layer OSI network
    reference model.

    5. cannot regulate the flow of data that from physical layer.

    6.  is a point-to-point connection between two computers or devices consists of a wire in which data is transmitted as a stream of bits.

    7. -header
        -data
        -trailer.

    8. Data Link Layer Protocol.

    9.  it is a protocol layer in a program that handles the moving of data into and out of a physical link in a network. ]]>     2019-02-12 01:28:24 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330157575     Nadhirah Nasir ( 05DNS17F2010 ) https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330157737
    1. The data link layer ensures that all packets of information are passed on free of errors.
    2. (a) Logical Link Control (LLC) - which accepts messages by a filtering process; overload notfication and recovery management tasks will be taken care of by this layer.
    (b) Media Access Control (MAC) - which carries out data encapsulation.
    3. - Data link layer handles the moving of data into and out of a physical link in a network. 
    - Data bits are encoded, decoded and organized in the data link layer, before they are transported as frames between two adjacent nodes on the same LAN or WAN.
    4. Addressing of destination stations ( both as individual stations and as a groups of stations )
    5. Error control mechanisms can detect as well as correct errors.
    6. The point connection between 2 computers or devices consists of a wire in which data is transmitted as a stream of bits.
    7. Data Link Layer Frame :
    - Header
    - Data 
    - Trailer
    8. Data Link Layer Protocol
    9. Maintains the functional protocols and services for the TCP/IP protocol suite in the upper layers

    ]]>     2019-02-12 01:29:05 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330157737     Corrynnie Atira Anak Asing (05DNS17F2007 https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330157916 1.it accepts Layer 3 packets and packages them into data units called frames and it also controls media access and performs error detection.
    2. Logical Link Control(LLC) - provides services to the network layer protocols.
    Media Access Control (MAC) - it provides data link layer addressing.
    3. - data link layer protocols govern how to format  a frame for use on different media.
    - different protocols may be in use for different media.
    - at each path, an intermediary device accepts frames from one medium, de-encapsulates the frame and then forward the packets in a new frame.
    4. the MAC protocol has a direct bearing on the reliability and efficiency of network transmissions. 
    5. without data link layer, network protocol layer such as IP, would have to make provisions for connecting to every type of media that could exist along a delivery path.
    6. data link layer takes the packets from the network layer and encapsulates them into frames. a frame is a unit of communication in the data link layer.
    7. header : contains control information such as addressing
    data : contains IP header, transport layer header and application data.
    trailer : contains control information from error detection.
    8.  control information need the information about which nodes are in communication with each other.
    9.engineering organizations which set public and open standards and protocols.]]>     2019-02-12 01:29:53 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330157916     https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330161304 2019-02-12 01:44:44 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330161304 Norsimaa binti Waili(05DNS17F2013) https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330198564 1.The data link layer is the second layer in the OSI Model. The three main functions of the data link layer are to deal with transmission errors, regulate the flow of data, and provide a well-defined interface to the network layer

    2. a) Logical link Control
    - the upper sublayer defines the software processes that provide services to the Network layer protocols.
    b)Media Access Control
    -the lower sublayer defines the media access processes performed by the hardware.

    3.The data link layer has three main functions: It handles problems that occur as a result of bit transmission errors. It ensures data flows at a pace that doesn't overwhelm sending and receiving devices. It permits the transmission of data to Layer 3, the network layer, where it is addressed and routed.

    4.A message authentication code (MAC), sometimes known as a tag, is a short piece of information used to authenticate a message—in other words, to confirm that the message came from the stated sender (its authenticity) and has not been changed. The MAC value protects both a message's data integrity as well as its authenticity, by allowing verifiers (who also possess the secret key) to detect any changes to the message content.

    5.the ISO reference model suggests that the data link layer provide such a service, and we now examine the protocols that provide such a service.

    6.The data layer, or layer 2, is the second layer of the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. This layer is the protocol layer that transfers data between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network (WAN) or between nodes on the same local area network (LAN) segment.

    7. 
    • Application 
    • Presentation
    • Session
    • Transport
    • Network
    • Data link
    • Physical

    8.- Header
    - Data
    -Trailer
    ]]>     2019-02-12 05:33:39 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/330198564     NUR AFIQAH BINTI AMIT (05DNS17F2009) https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/331258288 1. The data link accepts layer 3 packets and packages them into data units called frames and it controls media access and performs error detection.

    2. Logical Link Control(LLC) - the software provide services to the network layer protocols.
       Media Access Control(MAC) - it provides data link layer addressing and delimiting of data according to the physical signaling requirements of the medium and the type of data link layer protocol in use.

    3.  - Data link layer protocol govern how to format a frame for use  on different media.
        -  Different protocols may be in use for different media.
       -  At each hop along the path, an intermediary device accepts frames from one medium, de-encapsulates the frame and then forwards the packets in a new frames.  The header of each frames are formatted for the specific medium that it will cross.

    4.  The MAC sublayer communicates with Ethernet LAN technology to send and receive frames over copper or fiber-optic cable. The MAC sublayer also communicates with wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth to send and receive frames wirelessly.

    5.  Without data link layer, no network protocol such as IP to transfer the information.

    6.  The data link layer prepares a packet for transport across the local media by encapsulating it with a header and a trailer to create a frame. 

    7.  - Header
         -  Data
         - Trailer

    8.  Data link layer protocols

    9.  - Engineering organizations which set public and open standards and protocols.
    - Communications companies which set and use proprietary protocols to take advantage of new advances in technology or market opportunities.
    ]]>     2019-02-14 13:11:43 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/331258288     MUSTAZLY AFIQ (05DNS17F2017) https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/332077174 1. Ensures that all packets at information are passed on free of errors and deal woth transmission, regulate flow of data and provide a well defined interface. 

    2. MAC(Media Access Control) = unique identofier for network. 
    LLC(LogicalLink Control) = addressing and control data link

    3. Method to connecting one location to another in telecommunication in order to transmit and receive imformation. 

    4. It is moving data from NIC to across a shared channel
    5. The process of receiving and sending to other transmission or layer data can not done if data link don't exist. 

    6. Framw is simple single network packet that is digital data transmission in networkson same level of network. 

    7. Reader, data and trailer
    8. Information needed is data link protocol information. 

    9. Allows upper layers to access the media and conttrols low data is placed and received on the media]]>     2019-02-17 07:23:32 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/332077174     https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/332494615 2019-02-19 00:26:51 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/332494615 https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/332495208 2019-02-19 00:30:32 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/332495208 https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/332495394 2019-02-19 00:31:49 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/332495394 https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/332496473 2019-02-19 00:37:59 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/332496473 KLAUDIA UDING LAING(05DNS17F2015) https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/332500735 1.The data link layers are to deal with the transmission errors,  control the flow of data and provide a well-defined interface into the network layers.

    2.Logical Link Control (LLC) is to provide services to the network layer protocols. It also frame information to identifies the network layer protocol. Then, Media Access Control (MAC) is a media access processes performed by the hardware, as it provide data link layer addressing and framing of the data according to the protocol that be used.

    3.The data link layer is the protocol layer in a program that handles the moving of data into and out of a physical link in a network.

    4.MAC is a layer to responsible for moving the data packets  from one NIC to another and across a shared channel. 

    5.We will having lots of problem to solve the transmission errors and taking a long time to solve it.

    6.Data  link layer frames is a point-to-point connection between two computers or devices consists of a wire data transmitted as a stream of bits.

    7.There are header, data and trailer.

    8.The needed informations are which nodes are in comunication with each other and which nodes will be communicate next. 

    9.The data link layer satndard is by engeneering organization as IEEE, ITU , ISO and ANSI.]]>     2019-02-19 01:00:07 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/332500735     CLODIA NANA ANAK THOM (05DNS17F2014) https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/344040891 1. The Data Link layers used to deal with transmission errors, ensure all the information packets transmitted without errors.

    2. The Logical Link Control (LLC) provide services to the network layer protocols and frame the information to identifies it. LLC also accepts messages by filtering process; overload notification and recovery management tasks.
    While the Media Access Control (MAC) carries the data encapsulation and this media performed by hardware, which provide data link layer addressing and framing of the data according to the protocol that be used.

    3. The data link layer protocols control how to format  a frame for use on different media. The intermediary device accepts frames from one medium that has already been encapsulated, then de-encapsulate it and the forwards the packets in a new frame.

    4. MAC is a layer to responsible for moving the data packets  from one NIC to another and across a shared channel. 

    5.IP would have to provide connections for every type of media that could run on it and need to be updated if a new network tech is created.

     6. Frames are the result of the final layer of encapsulation before the data is transmitted over the physical layer.

    7. 3 data link layer frames :
         a) header
         b) packet
         c) trailer

    8. Data link layer protocol

    9. Implementing and creating networks related to equipment.

    ]]>     2019-03-22 00:08:35 UTC https://padlet.com/zf_mz_85/49mz2ms7jnxj/wish/344040891